CN113124941A - Non-contact type river channel flow measuring and accurate calculating method - Google Patents
Non-contact type river channel flow measuring and accurate calculating method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a non-contact type river channel flow measuring and accurate calculating method, which comprises the following steps: measuring a section on the cross section of the river channel according to a certain distance, acquiring section elevation data (or relative elevation data), and performing polynomial fitting according to the actually measured section data to acquire the form of the cross section of the river channel; the speed measuring radar is driven at a certain distance through an automatic control device to obtain the surface flow velocity and the water level (or the relative water level) of the river channel at different positions of the section; calculating the average flow velocity of the corresponding position by utilizing a relation formula of the surface flow velocity of the open channel and the average flow velocity of the cross section based on the actually measured surface flow velocities of different positions, and performing polynomial fitting to obtain an average flow velocity distribution formula of the cross section of the river channel; according to the principle of calculation of the flow of a hydraulic natural river channel, the cross section of the river channel is uniformly divided into a plurality of polygons through vertical lines, the areas of the polygons are calculated in sequence, the average flow velocity of the center points of the vertical lines corresponding to the polygons is calculated by using an average flow velocity distribution formula of the cross section of the river channel, the flow corresponding to the polygons is further calculated, and finally the flow of the cross section of the whole river channel is calculated through accumulation. The method has important practical value for real-time online measurement of river flow under complex water conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrological measurement, in particular to a non-contact measurement and accurate calculation method for river channel flow.
Background
River course flow is important basic data of river hydrological calculation, water resource evaluation and water ecological environment evaluation, river course flow test calculation is also important content of hydrological work, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are invested annually. At present, the river and channel flow measurement in China is mainly based on a contact flow measurement technology, and the most common methods are a rotor type flow velocity meter method, an ultrasonic time difference method and a Doppler ADCP method. The rotor type current meter method needs manual operation, is high in labor intensity, has mechanical inertia, is low in response speed, cannot measure rapidly-changing turbulence, needs regular verification and maintenance, and cannot measure water when the flow is large; the instrument used by the ultrasonic time difference method has higher requirement on water quality, the instrument needs to work in clear water, and the precision is poorer when the instrument is used for measuring in turbid water or in narrow channels (the width of a channel is less than 3 times of the depth of water); the Doppler ADCP method needs to carry out shipborne measurement, needs manual operation, has poor accuracy when measuring water with high sediment or impurity content, cannot measure channels with small width, and has high measuring operation danger when encountering river sections or flood seasons with complex water conditions. The traditional contact type flow measurement technology has low informatization degree and low automation degree, and cannot meet the requirement of real-time online long-time monitoring. Therefore, a flow measuring method which is real-time online, full-automatic, high in precision and low in manpower and material resource cost is urgently needed to be found.
The non-contact type river channel flow measuring method is provided, and the problems of the traditional contact type river channel flow measuring method are well solved. In the flow measurement of river channels of medium and small rivers, the radar flow measurement technology is paid more and more attention by the characteristics of higher automation, higher accuracy, real-time online monitoring and the like. The patent with publication number CN109060056A discloses a river channel section flow calculation method based on non-contact radar flow measurement, which is based on measured section data, fits a section polynomial, calculates the water surface gradient of the river channel section according to the position of a fixed radar probe, the measured water level, the surface flow velocity and the river bed roughness by combining a hydraulics manning formula, reversely calculates the flow velocity between each vertical line section of the river channel section by using the calculation result, and finally calculates the large section flow of the river channel by an area weighting method. The patent with publication number CN 103792533B discloses a fixed point-based river channel section multipoint flow measurement method, which is based on a radar flow meter fixedly installed above a river channel to measure the altitude, the vertical distance from the river channel section to be measured, and the distance from each measuring point to the river channel section, and realizes flow measurement by adjusting the horizontal orientation and the vertical inclination angle of the radar flow meter. Patent with publication number CN 206515468U discloses an ultrasonic radar current surveying system, and this system radar support is located the water top of monitoring, and a plurality of radar probes are fixed on the radar support, are connected with radar station room acquisition controller through wireless transmission module, realize non-contact on-line measuring. The patent with publication number CN 206459711U discloses an unmanned aerial vehicle radar current surveying system, and this system comprises unmanned aerial vehicle, wireless remote control radar current surveying appearance, remote control equipment, positioner, data teletransmission, data processing and auxiliary assembly can hover, measures to appointed current surveying position through artifical remote control unmanned aerial vehicle, and this patent need not to erect the test cable way, can realize non-contact current surveying.
Compared with a contact type current measuring technology, the non-contact type radar current measuring technology can realize measurement work which cannot be finished manually in a severe environment in the field. The existing river channel section flow measurement calculation method is mostly based on a statistical analysis method, and the flow rate represented by a certain vertical line with a higher correlation coefficient is adopted to calculate the flow of the whole river channel section, so that the method has the defect of 'being approximate to the general'; the existing riverway section non-contact flow measurement method realizes section flow measurement by adjusting and fixing the angle of a flow measurement instrument, carrying the flow measurement instrument by an unmanned aerial vehicle or simultaneously erecting a plurality of flow measurement devices, has perfect space for the flow measurement and calculation method, needs to be further improved in precision, and needs to be further improved in automation degree.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a non-contact type river channel flow measuring and accurate calculating method, which measures a plurality of groups of river channel surface flow velocity and water level data through a non-contact type radar, obtains a river channel section shape and an average flow velocity polynomial by utilizing software fitting, thins the river channel section in a segmented manner, and solves the problem of accurately calculating the river channel section flow by combining with a hydraulics natural river channel flow calculating principle.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a river course flow non-contact type measuring and accurate calculating method comprises the following steps:
step one, fitting a river channel section terrain polynomial: measuring the surface topography of a river bank and the underwater topography of a river channel at a certain distance on a research section, acquiring coordinates and relative elevation data of a measuring point, and fitting by using software to obtain a polynomial of the topography of the river channel section;
secondly, fitting a polynomial of the average flow velocity of the river cross section: the method comprises the steps of measuring the surface flow velocity and the corresponding water level of the river channel once at intervals by using an automatic control device and driving a radar speed measuring instrument, converting the surface flow velocity into an average flow velocity by using a relation formula of the surface flow velocity of an open channel and the average flow velocity of a section, taking a horizontal coordinate of a measuring point and the average flow velocity as basic data, and fitting by using software to obtain a polynomial of the average flow velocity of the section of the river channel;
thirdly, finely dividing the river channel section: uniformly dividing the fitted river channel section by utilizing the dense vertical lines, calculating the relative elevation of the river bottom of the vertical lines by combining a terrain polynomial of the river channel section according to the abscissa of the vertical lines, wherein two adjacent vertical lines form an approximate right trapezoid or a right triangle;
fourthly, calculating the cross section flow of the river channel: calculating the average flow velocity of the middle line of the adjacent vertical lines by combining the polynomial of the average flow velocity of the cross section of the river channel according to the horizontal coordinates of the two adjacent vertical lines; and multiplying the area of the right trapezoid or the right triangle by the corresponding average flow velocity, and accumulating to obtain the whole river channel section flow.
Further, the first step comprises the steps of:
step 1.1, measuring the underwater topography of the river channel: carrying out underwater topography measurement on a section of a researched river channel at a certain distance from a left bank to a right bank by using an ultrasonic depth finder or a navigation type Doppler profile current meter, and determining a longitudinal relative elevation zero coordinate point of the section of the researched river channel (the zero coordinate point is positioned below the deepest point of the section of the river channel) by considering the maximum water depth of the section of the river channel;
step 1.2, measuring the surface topography of the river bank: according to the river bank surface topography, a leveling instrument and a distance meter are utilized to measure the relative elevations and distances of the river banks on two sides outwards at a determined relative elevation zero coordinate point along the cross section direction of a river channel until fixed upright columns on two banks are reached to obtain the river bank surface topography (the outermost side measuring point of the river bank is higher than the historical highest flood level), and the fixed upright column on the left bank is used as a transverse relative zero coordinate point;
step 1.3, converting the relative elevation of the river channel section terrain: converting the relative elevation of the river bank surface and the underwater topography of the river channel by using the determined zero coordinate point of the relative elevation, wherein the river bank surface and the underwater topography of the river channel jointly form a river channel section topography, and the coordinates and the relative elevation of the measurement point position of the river channel section topography are recorded as (X)i,Yi,Zi)；
Step 1.4, performing polynomial fitting on the river channel section terrain: and (3) performing polynomial fitting on the abscissa and the relative elevation of the river channel section terrain measuring point by using computer software and adopting a least square method (python programming or matlab) to obtain a river channel section terrain polynomial: y (x) ═ anxn+an-1xn-1+......a1x+a0And the fitting formula range is positioned between the fixed upright columns at the two banks, and the formula obtained by fitting is checked and evaluated by adopting the determined coefficient, so that the polynomial can perfectly depict the river terrain.
Further, the second step comprises the following steps:
step 2.1, measuring the surface flow velocity of the cross section of the river channel: the method comprises the steps of utilizing an automatic control device to drive a radar speed measuring instrument from a left bank to a right bank, measuring the surface flow velocity and the corresponding water level of the river channel at intervals, determining the current horizontal coordinate of the instrument according to the rope traction distance of an automatic control system, and obtaining a group of radar probe horizontal coordinate, surface flow velocity and water level data (X)j，Vj，Hj)；
Step 2.2, determining the boundary of the river cross section water area: the relative elevation of the water surface of the river channel section is consistent, water level lines are drawn according to the measured water level data, and the horizontal coordinates (X) of the water surface boundaries of the left and right banks of the river channel are determined by taking the water level abrupt change positions as nodesL，XR) And water level H0；
Step 2.3, converting the surface flow velocity data of the river channel into average flow velocity: and converting the surface flow velocity measured by the probe into the vertical line average flow velocity according to a relation formula of the surface flow velocity of the open channel and the section average flow velocity. A relation formula of surface flow velocity and section average flow velocity of an open channel is referred to a result formula derived based on a logarithmic section flow formula in a paper of surface flow detection and deep layer flow inversion algorithm research of a ground wave radar in Wuhan university Li self-supporting, and the result formula is as follows:
ks＝3.5D90 (2)
wherein U is the average flow velocity, m/s; u. ofsSurface flow velocity, m/s; k is a radical ofsThe roughness of the bed surface; h is the water depth of the vertical line, m; d90The sand and sand grains have equal volume grain size; a isnIs a coefficient, usually taken as 3.5; m is a parameter for describing the flow condition, is calculated according to the empirical formula of Manning-strickle in the natural river,m is 1/6 (relative roughness satisfies 2)<＝h/ks<1500 for general gravel rivers), Engelund recommends m 1/8 (relative roughness satisfies 13<＝h/ks<Suitable for large-water-depth small-particle-size rivers of 15000).
Step 2.4, fitting a river channel average flow velocity polynomial: and (3) carrying out polynomial fitting by using the horizontal coordinate and the vertical average flow velocity of the radar probe as basic data and adopting a least square method to obtain a river channel average flow velocity polynomial: v (x) ═ bnxn+bn-1xn-1+......b1x+b0。
Further, the third step comprises the following steps:
step 3.1, dividing the vertical line of the river cross section: uniformly dividing the fitted river channel section water surface area into m sections by using dense vertical lines (the larger the m is, the better the division is), wherein the number of the vertical lines is m +1, and the vertical line interval is a ═ X (X)R-XL) M, the abscissa of each perpendicular is Xm＝XL+(m-1)a；
Step 3.2, calculating the water depth of the vertical line: two adjacent vertical lines form an approximate right trapezoid or a right triangle, and the relative river bottom elevation H of the mth vertical line is calculated by combining a river channel section terrain polynomial according to the horizontal coordinates of the vertical linesmAnd converted into water depth Hm＝H0-Hm。
Further, the fourth step comprises the following steps:
step 4.1, determining the coordinate of the center point of the vertical line: according to the horizontal coordinates of two adjacent vertical lines (or the length of two adjacent vertical lines), the horizontal coordinate of the central point of each segment is determined to be CXm＝XL+(m-1)a+0.5a；
And 4.2, calculating the average flow velocity between vertical lines: substituting the abscissa of the central point of each section into the river channel section average flow velocity polynomial to obtain the average flow velocity V (x) of each sectionm)＝bnxm n+bn-1xm n-1+......b1xm+b0；
Step 4.3, calculating the area of the right trapezoid or the right triangle between the vertical lines: river cross section water surface area uniform divisionThe m sections, the 1 st section and the m section are generalized to right-angled triangles, the middle m-2 section is generalized to right-angled trapezoids, and the area S of each section between the vertical lines is obtained according to the area calculation formulas of the right-angled triangles and the right-angled trapezoidsm＝y(CXm)a＝y(CXm)(XR-XL)/m；
Step 4.4, calculating the flow of the whole river channel section: according to the calculation principle of the hydraulic natural river channel flow, each section of flow is the average flow velocity multiplied by the corresponding area, the area of a right trapezoid or a right triangle is multiplied by the corresponding average flow velocity, the whole river channel section flow is the sum of all the subsection flows, and the whole river channel section flow is obtained after the flows of the sections are accumulated
The river channel flow non-contact measurement and accurate calculation method provided by the invention is based on a hydraulics principle and a computer fitting technology, provides a practical operation feasible calculation method for calculating the river channel flow from the surface flow velocity and the water level of the river channel for a real-time online flow measurement technology, and has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention provides a river channel flow non-contact type measuring and accurate calculating method, which mainly aims to solve the problems of high difficulty, high cost, poor precision and difficulty in real-time online monitoring of river channel section flow measurement;
(2) the method provided by the invention can be used for carrying out multi-point measurement on the river channel section, fully utilizes a large amount of data such as the river channel section terrain, the actually measured surface flow velocity and the like, and reduces the error generated by directly utilizing the surface flow velocity to calculate the flow by converting the surface flow velocity into the average flow velocity, thereby improving the calculation precision;
(3) according to the method, the least square fitting is carried out on the river terrain and the average flow velocity of the river cross section through software, the shape of the river cross section and the flow velocity distribution of the river cross section are respectively carved, the hydrological condition of the river is accurately described, and the measurement accuracy of the river cross section flow is greatly improved;
(4) the method provided by the invention has low manual participation degree and high automation degree, is suitable for monitoring complex environments and any water period, can identify the water surface range of the river channel section according to the water level change, and realizes accurate measurement of flow under any water level change;
(5) the accurate calculation method provided by the invention can be written into a program, and the accurate calculation of the river cross section flow can be automatically and quickly realized only by inputting the actually measured river cross section terrain and the actually measured river cross section surface flow rate data into the program, thereby providing technical support for river flow monitoring.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a radar flow measurement calculation of a river cross section according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a comparative analysis of measured relative elevations of a river cross section and polynomial fitting relative elevations;
FIG. 3 is a comparative analysis chart of the measured flow of the section 0.5m of the river cross section and the calculated flow in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The method comprises the steps of obtaining river channel section terrain data, river channel section surface flow velocity and water level data, carrying out polynomial fitting on the river channel section terrain and the average flow velocity by using computer software, averagely dividing the river channel section into a plurality of sections according to a hydraulic natural river channel flow calculation principle, determining the water depth and the average flow velocity of each section according to the abscissa of the central point of each section, obtaining the area of each section according to the water depth of each section and the length of each section, and finally obtaining the whole river channel section flow through the accumulation of the product of the area of each section and the average flow velocity.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to specific examples and the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for non-contact measurement and accurate calculation of river channel flow, including the following steps:
step one, polynomial fitting of river channel section terrain
(1) Measuring underwater topography of a river channel: carrying out underwater topography measurement on the section of the researched river channel at intervals of 1-2M from a left bank to a right bank by using a sailing type Doppler profile current meter (M9), and determining a longitudinal relative elevation zero coordinate point (6.5M below the current water surface) of the section of the researched river channel by considering the maximum water depth of the section of the river channel to be 6.1M;
(2) measuring the landform of the river bank: according to the river bank surface topography, a leveling instrument and a distance meter are utilized to measure the relative elevations and distances of the river banks on two sides outwards at a determined relative elevation zero coordinate point along the cross section direction of the river channel until the fixed upright columns on the two banks stop to obtain the river bank surface topography (the outermost side measuring point of the river bank is higher than the historical highest flood level), and the fixed upright column on the left bank is used as a transverse relative zero coordinate point;
(3) and (3) converting the relative elevation of the river channel section terrain: converting the relative elevation of the river bank surface and the underwater topography of the river channel by using the determined zero coordinate point of the relative elevation, wherein the river bank surface and the underwater topography of the river channel jointly form a river channel section topography, and the coordinates and the relative elevation of the measurement point position of the river channel section topography are recorded as (X)i,Yi,Zi)；
(4) Performing polynomial fitting on the terrain of the river channel section: performing polynomial fitting on the abscissa and the relative elevation of the river channel section terrain measuring point by using computer software and adopting a least square method (python programming or matlab) to obtain a plurality of river channel section terrain, wherein y (x) anxn+an-1xn-1+......a1x+a0And the fitting formula range is positioned between the fixed upright columns on the two banks, and the formula obtained by fitting is checked and evaluated by adopting a determined coefficient, so that the polynomial can perfectly depict the river channel terrain (as shown in figure 2).
Step two, fitting the river cross section average flow velocity polynomial
(1) Measuring the surface flow velocity of the river channel section: the radar speed measuring instrument is driven from the left bank to the right bank at intervals by using an automatic control deviceMeasuring the surface flow velocity and the corresponding water level of the river channel at 2m, determining the current abscissa of the instrument according to the rope traction distance of the automatic control system, and obtaining a group of data (X) of the abscissa, the surface flow velocity and the water level of a radar probej，Vj，Hj)；
(2) Determining the boundary of a river section water area: the relative elevation of the water surface of the river channel section is consistent, water level lines are drawn according to the measured water level data, and the horizontal coordinates (X) of the water surface boundaries of the left and right banks of the river channel are determined by taking the water level abrupt change positions as nodesL，XR) And water level H0；
Step 3, converting the surface flow velocity data of the river channel into average flow velocity: converting the surface flow velocity measured by the probe into the vertical line average flow velocity according to a relation formula of the surface flow velocity of the open channel and the section average flow velocity;
a relation formula of surface flow velocity and section average flow velocity of an open channel is referred to a result formula derived based on a logarithmic section flow formula in a paper of surface flow detection and deep layer flow inversion algorithm research of a ground wave radar in Wuhan university Li self-supporting, and the result formula is as follows:
ks＝anD90 (2)
wherein U is the average flow velocity, m/s; u. ofsSurface flow velocity, m/s; k is a radical ofsThe roughness of the bed surface; h is the water depth of the vertical line, m; d90The sand and sand grains have equal volume grain size; a isnIs a coefficient, usually taken as 3.5; m is a parameter for describing the flow condition, and m is 1/6 (the relative roughness satisfies 2) calculated according to the empirical formula of Manning-strickle in natural river<＝h/ks<1500 for general gravel rivers), Engelund recommends m 1/8 (relative roughness satisfies 13<＝h/ks<Suitable for large-water-depth small-particle-size rivers of 15000).
Step three, finely dividing river channel sections
(1) Dividing a vertical line of a river channel section: uniformly dividing the fitted river channel section water surface area into 100 sections by using dense vertical lines, wherein the number of the vertical lines is 101, the vertical line interval is 0.5, and the abscissa of the mth vertical line is Xm＝XL+0.5(m-1)；
(2) Calculating the water depth of the vertical line: two adjacent vertical lines form an approximate right trapezoid or a right triangle, and the relative river bottom elevation H of the mth vertical line is calculated by combining a river channel section terrain polynomial according to the horizontal coordinates of the vertical linesmAnd converted into water depth Hm＝H0-Hm；
Step four, river cross section flow calculation
(1) And (3) determining the coordinate of the center point of the vertical line: according to the horizontal coordinates of two adjacent vertical lines (or the length of two adjacent vertical lines), the horizontal coordinate of the central point of each segment is determined to be CXm＝XL+0.5m-0.25；
(2) Calculation of average flow velocity between vertical lines: substituting the abscissa of the central point of each section into the river channel section average flow velocity polynomial to obtain the average flow velocity V (x) of each sectionm)＝bnxm n+bn-1xm n-1+......b1xm+b0
(3) Calculating the area of the right trapezoid or the right triangle between the vertical lines: the water surface area of the river channel section is uniformly divided into m sections, the 1 st section and the 100 th section, which are generalized into right-angled triangles, the middle 98 sections are generalized into right-angled trapezoids, and the area S of each section between vertical lines is obtained according to the area calculation formulas of the right-angled triangles and the right-angled trapezoidsm＝y(CXm)a＝y(CXm)(XR-XL)/m
(4) Calculating the flow of the whole river channel section: according to the calculation principle of the hydraulic natural river channel flow, the average flow velocity of each section is multiplied by the corresponding area, and the trapezoidal or triangular area is multiplied by the corresponding average flow velocity, so that the flow of the whole river channel section is the sum of all the sectional flows, and the flow of each section entersAfter row accumulation, the whole river channel section flow is obtained
Example testing
The invention discloses a method for researching a river reach belonging to a wide and shallow river reach, wherein a river channel is straight, a river bed is stable, a fixed upright post, an automatic control device, radar flow measurement equipment and the like are erected on the cross section of the river channel, the river channel moves on two sides of the river channel at a constant speed through the automatic control device and the radar flow measurement equipment, and a group of data is measured at intervals of about 2m to obtain the surface flow velocity and the water level of the cross section of the river channel; measuring the sectional flow velocity, flow (used for verification), water depth and other basic data along the cross section of the river by using a sailing Doppler profile current meter; performing polynomial fitting on the average flow velocity of the river cross section and the terrain of the river cross section by using computer software and taking the abscissa as a variable, wherein the average fitting error of the average flow velocity of the river cross section is less than 0.02m/s, and the average fitting error of the terrain of the river cross section is less than 0.11 m; setting 100 calculation time segments, wherein the interval of each segment is 0.5m, substituting each segment into the abscissa, calculating the corresponding area and the central line flow velocity, and obtaining the total section flow of 60.90m by a hydraulic natural river flow calculation method3The measured river cross-section flow is 60.18m3(s), relative error is less than 1.2%; in order to further verify the precision of the invention, the actually measured flow and the calculated flow of each section are compared and analyzed, and the maximum difference of the flow is 0.16m3And/s, the relative error is less than 10%, and the measured flow and the calculated flow of each section are compared as shown in figure 3.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A river course flow non-contact type measuring and accurate calculating method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, fitting a river channel section terrain polynomial: measuring the surface topography of a river bank and the underwater topography of the river channel at a certain distance on the cross section of the river channel, acquiring coordinates and relative elevation data of measuring points, and fitting by using software to obtain a polynomial of the topography of the cross section of the river channel;
secondly, fitting a polynomial of the average flow velocity of the river cross section: the method comprises the steps of measuring the surface flow velocity and the corresponding water level of the river channel once at intervals by using an automatic control device and driving a radar speed measuring instrument, converting the surface flow velocity into an average flow velocity by using a relation formula of the surface flow velocity of an open channel and the average flow velocity of a section, taking a horizontal coordinate of a measuring point and the average flow velocity as basic data, and fitting by using software to obtain a polynomial of the average flow velocity of the section of the river channel;
thirdly, finely dividing the river channel section: uniformly dividing the fitted river channel section by utilizing the dense vertical lines, calculating the relative elevation of the river bottom of the vertical lines by combining a terrain polynomial of the river channel section according to the abscissa of the vertical lines, wherein two adjacent vertical lines form an approximate right trapezoid or a right triangle;
fourthly, calculating the cross section flow of the river channel: calculating the average flow velocity of the middle line of the adjacent vertical lines by combining the polynomial of the average flow velocity of the cross section of the river channel according to the horizontal coordinates of the two adjacent vertical lines; and multiplying the area of the right trapezoid or the right triangle by the corresponding average flow velocity, and accumulating to obtain the whole river channel section flow.
2. The river channel flow non-contact measurement and accurate calculation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first step comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, measuring the underwater topography of the river channel: carrying out underwater topography measurement on a section of a researched river channel at a certain distance from a left bank to a right bank by using an ultrasonic depth finder or a navigation type Doppler profile current meter, and determining a longitudinal relative elevation zero coordinate point of the section of the researched river channel by considering the maximum water depth of the section of the river channel;
step 1.2, measuring the surface topography of the river bank: according to the surface topography of the river bank, a leveling instrument and a distance meter are utilized, relative elevations and distances of the river banks on two sides are measured outwards at a determined relative elevation zero coordinate point along the cross section direction of a river channel until fixed stand columns on two banks are reached, the surface topography of the river bank is obtained, and the fixed stand column on the left bank is used as a transverse relative zero coordinate point;
step 1.3, converting the relative elevation of the river channel section terrain: converting the relative elevation of the river bank surface and the underwater topography of the river channel by using the determined zero coordinate point of the relative elevation, wherein the river bank surface and the underwater topography of the river channel jointly form a river channel section topography, and the coordinates and the relative elevation of the measurement point position of the river channel section topography are recorded as (X)i,Yi,Zi)；
Step 1.4, performing polynomial fitting on the river channel section terrain: and performing polynomial fitting on the abscissa and the relative elevation of the river channel section terrain measuring point by using computer software and adopting a least square method to obtain a river channel section terrain polynomial:
y(x)＝anxn+an-1xn-1+......a1x+a0
wherein y (x) is the relative elevation of the river cross-section terrain, m; x is the cross-sectional coordinate m of the river channel; a isn……a0Is the equation coefficient; n … … 1 is an exponential coefficient;
the fitting formula range is located between the fixed upright columns on the two banks, and the formula obtained by fitting is checked and evaluated by adopting the determined coefficients, so that the polynomial can perfectly depict the river terrain.
3. The river channel flow non-contact measurement and accurate calculation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the second step comprises the following steps:
step 2.1, measuring the surface flow velocity of the cross section of the river channel: the method comprises the steps of utilizing an automatic control device to drive a radar speed measuring instrument from a left bank to a right bank, measuring the surface flow velocity and the corresponding water level of the river channel at intervals, determining the current horizontal coordinate of the instrument according to the rope traction distance of an automatic control system, and obtaining a group of radar probe horizontal coordinate, surface flow velocity and water level data (X)j，Vj，Hj)；
Step 2.2, determining the boundary of the river cross section water area: the relative elevation of the water surface of the river channel section is consistent, water level lines are drawn according to the measured water level data, and the left and right river channel sections are determined by taking the water level abrupt change positions as nodesShoreside surface boundary abscissa (X)L，XR) And water level H0；
Step 2.3, converting the surface flow velocity data of the river channel into average flow velocity: converting the surface flow velocity measured by the probe into the vertical line average flow velocity according to a relation formula of the surface flow velocity of the open channel and the section average flow velocity;
step 2.4, fitting a river channel average flow velocity polynomial: and (3) carrying out polynomial fitting by using the horizontal coordinate and the vertical average flow velocity of the radar probe as basic data and adopting a least square method to obtain a river channel average flow velocity polynomial:
V(x)＝bnxn+bn-1xn-1+......b1x+b0。
wherein V (x) is the average flow velocity of the river channel, m/s; x is the cross-sectional coordinate m of the river channel; bn……b0Is the equation coefficient; n … … 1 is an exponential coefficient.
4. The river channel flow non-contact measurement and accurate calculation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the third step comprises the following steps:
step 3.1, dividing the vertical line of the river cross section: uniformly dividing the fitted river channel section water surface area into m sections by using dense vertical lines, wherein the number of the vertical lines is m +1, and the vertical line interval is a ═ XR-XL) M, the abscissa of each perpendicular is Xm＝XL+(m-1)a；
Step 3.2, calculating the water depth of the vertical line: two adjacent vertical lines form an approximate right trapezoid or a right triangle, and the relative river bottom elevation H of the mth vertical line is calculated by combining a river channel section terrain polynomial according to the horizontal coordinates of the vertical linesmAnd converted into water depth Hm＝H0-Hm。
5. The river channel flow non-contact measurement and accurate calculation method of claim 4, wherein: the fourth step comprises the following steps:
step 4.1, determining the coordinate of the center point of the vertical line: according to the abscissas of two adjacent vertical lines, determining the abscissa of the central point of each segment as CXm＝XL+(m-1)a+0.5a；
And 4.2, calculating the average flow velocity between vertical lines: substituting the abscissa of the central point of each section into the river channel section average flow velocity polynomial to obtain the average flow velocity V (x) of each sectionm)＝bnxm n+bn-1xm n-1+......b1xm+b0；
Step 4.3, calculating the area of the right trapezoid or the right triangle between the vertical lines: uniformly dividing the water surface area of the river channel section into m sections, the 1 st section and the m section, generalizing the m-2 section into right-angled triangles, generalizing the middle section into right-angled trapezoids, and obtaining the area of each section between vertical lines according to the area calculation formulas of the right-angled triangles and the right-angled trapezoids
Sm＝y(CXm)a＝y(CXm)(XR-XL)/m；
Step 4.4, calculating the flow of the whole river channel section: according to the calculation principle of the hydraulic natural river channel flow, each section of flow is the average flow velocity multiplied by the corresponding area, the area of a right trapezoid or a right triangle is multiplied by the corresponding average flow velocity, the whole river channel section flow is the sum of all the subsection flows, and the whole river channel section flow is obtained after the flows of the sections are accumulated
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