CN111308123A - Water flow velocity field test method - Google Patents
Water flow velocity field test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111308123A CN111308123A CN202010152582.0A CN202010152582A CN111308123A CN 111308123 A CN111308123 A CN 111308123A CN 202010152582 A CN202010152582 A CN 202010152582A CN 111308123 A CN111308123 A CN 111308123A
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- water flow
- target prism
- flow velocity
- total station
- floater
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/18—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
Abstract
A water flow velocity field test method utilizes the technical characteristics that an automatic tracking type total station can automatically track a target prism in real time, the target prism is fixed on the top of a floater by designing the floater which follows the water flow, the target prism and the floater flow together with the water flow, the moving speed of the target prism is the water flow velocity, the total station arranged on the bank automatically tracks the target prism, the position coordinate of the target prism at each moment is accurately obtained, and the flow velocity of the water flow in two horizontal directions is obtained through calculation according to the displacement and the time difference of the target prism in the two horizontal directions. The invention has clear principle, simple structure and easy realization, can adapt to complicated and severe water flow conditions, can obtain accurate water flow velocity and direction, and provides an advanced and reliable method for the field test of the water flow velocity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method, in particular to a water flow velocity field test method, and belongs to the field of hydraulics prototype observation.
Background
The water flow velocity is an important technical parameter in water conservancy and water transport engineering and is an indispensable judgment index for engineering safety operation evaluation. For example, in the approach channel and the entrance door area of a navigation building, clear requirements are provided for the water flow speed specification, and the water flow speed of the main channel under different flow conditions is an important basis for judging the navigation safety of the ship. Therefore, the water flow speed testing work on the engineering site needs to be carried out frequently. The water flow velocity testing method can be divided into a contact type and a non-contact type, the contact type method comprises the adoption of various flow velocity meters such as a propeller flow velocity meter, an ultrasonic flow velocity meter, a navigation type flow velocity meter and the like, and the non-contact type method comprises a particle track tracing method, an image analysis method and the like. However, because the field water flow conditions are severe, some flow rate testing methods are difficult to implement or cannot achieve ideal testing accuracy, and the flow rate measurement under the complex water flow conditions has great difficulty. If the downstream water surface fluctuates severely under the condition of flood discharge to a hydropower station of a home dam, the maximum wave height is about 1.5m, and the flow velocity in a river channel is very difficult to test, firstly, the contact method is not feasible, a flow velocity meter cannot be arranged in the river channel, a commonly used test ship cannot be stable under the conditions of large waves and large water flows, and the absolute flow velocity and the flow velocity direction of the water flow cannot be accurately grasped; secondly, the non-contact method is influenced by the photographing angle and large fluctuation of the water surface, the test error is large, and the surface fluctuation cannot truly reflect the flow velocity of the water flow. Therefore, research is urgently needed to provide a water flow speed field test method, which can adapt to various complicated water flow conditions on the field and can achieve high test precision so as to meet the water flow speed field test requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a water flow speed field test method aiming at the complexity of field water flow conditions and the defects of the current water flow speed test method, so as to meet the flow speed test requirements under various water flow conditions on the field.
The invention relates to a water flow velocity field test method, which mainly achieves the aim through the following technologies: the technical characteristics that the target prism can be automatically tracked in real time by using the automatic tracking type total station are utilized, the target prism is fixed at the top of the floater by designing the floater which flows along with water flow, the target prism and the floater flow along with the water flow, the moving speed of the target prism is the water flow velocity, the total station arranged on the bank automatically tracks the target prism, the position coordinate of the target prism at each moment is accurately obtained, and the flow velocity of the water flow in two horizontal directions is obtained by calculation according to the displacement and the time of the target prism in the two horizontal directions.
The floater which flows along with the water flow is of a centrosymmetric structure and consists of a floating plate, a support rod and wing plates. The floating plate is arranged at the upper part of the support rod of the floater, is designed to be circular, is provided with a hole at the center and is sleeved on the support rod, and is made of a material with lighter weight and better buoyancy, so that the floater can float on the water surface; the supporting rod is a cylindrical hollow pipe, the top of the supporting rod penetrates through the floating plate, a small section of length (about 10 cm) extends out of the floating plate and is used for mounting a target prism, four identical wing plates are symmetrically mounted at the bottom of the supporting rod, and the length of the supporting rod is generally 80-100 cm for testing the main flow velocity below the water surface; the wing plates are made of thin-wall materials with high rigidity, the vertical stability of the floater can be guaranteed, the width of each wing plate is 20-30 cm, the length of each wing plate is 30-40 cm, and the wing plates are under the action of water flow to drive the whole floater to synchronously move along with the water flow.
The total station used for testing has an automatic tracking function, a target prism adopts a 360-degree prism, the total station is arranged on the shore of a testing area, the whole measuring range can be covered within the radius of 1000m of the total station, and no barrier shielding between the total station and the measuring area is ensured.
The target prism is fixed at the top end of a support rod of the floater, the floater is placed in a test water area, the floater moves along with water flow, and the total station continuously records the position coordinates of the target prism△tIn time, the target prism isxDisplacement in the coordinate direction of△ dx、yDisplacement in the coordinate direction of△dyThen, thenxWater flow velocity in coordinate directionVx=△dx/△t，yCoordinate direction waterFlow velocityVy=△ dy/△tThe resultant flow rate isV=(Vx 2+Vy 2)0.5I.e. to obtain the flow rate of the water at the location of the float.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the principle is clear, the structure is simple, and the realization is easy;
(2) the flow velocity testing precision is very high, and can reach millimeter level, and the flow velocity direction is accurate;
(3) the flow field structure of the whole test area can be obtained at the same time of obtaining the flow velocity of the water flow.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a water flow rate test;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the float;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the float;
FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the float;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the calculation of the flow rate of water.
Detailed Description
The embodiments are provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the invention is described in detail.
Example one
A certain large ship lift still needs navigation under the working condition of large-flow flood discharge, the flow velocity of a portal area of a downstream approach channel needs to be tested, and the navigation water flow condition of the portal area of the downstream is evaluated. The invention is used for testing the flow velocity of water flow because the downstream water surface greatly fluctuates during flood discharge, the conditions are severe and the flow velocity test is very difficult.
The floater 1 which flows along with water flow is designed, the floater 1 is in a central symmetrical structure and consists of three parts, namely a floating plate 6, a support rod 7 and a wing plate 8. The floating plate 6 is arranged at the upper part of a support rod 7 of the floater 1, is designed to be circular, has the radius of 30cm, is provided with a hole at the center of the floating plate 6 and is sleeved on the support rod 7, and the floating plate 6 is made of a light pearl cotton material with good buoyancy, so that the floater 1 can float on the water surface; the supporting rod 7 is a cylindrical hollow pipe, the top of the supporting rod penetrates through the floating plate 6, the supporting rod extends out of the floating plate by 10cm in length and is used for mounting the target prism 5, the wing plate 8 is mounted at the bottom of the supporting rod 7, and the length of the supporting rod 7 is 100cm for testing the flow rate of the mainstream below the water surface; the pterygoid lamina 8 is the same four, adopts the wall thickness to be 0.5 cm's hard plastic slab preparation, and the vertical stability of float 1 can be guaranteed to four pterygoid lamina 8 weights, and 25cm are got to the width of every pterygoid lamina, and 35cm is got to length, and four pterygoid lamina 8 symmetries are fixed in the lateral wall of bracing piece 7, and pterygoid lamina 8 receives the rivers effect, drives whole float 1 along with rivers synchronous motion.
The total station 3 with the full-automatic tracking function is adopted for testing, the total station 3 is arranged on the shore 4 of a testing area, and a proper fixed position is selected to ensure that the whole measuring range can be covered within 1000m of the radius of the total station 3. The target prism 5 adopts a 360-degree prism, and the total station 3 and the measuring area are ensured to be shielded without obstacles. Fixing the target prism 5 on the top of a support rod 7 of the floater 1, placing the floater 1 in the test water area 2, enabling the floater 1 to move along with the water flow, and continuously recording the position coordinates of the target prism 5 by the total station 3△tIn time, the target prism 5 isxDisplacement in the coordinate direction of△dx、yDisplacement in the coordinate direction of△dyThen, thenxWater flow velocity in coordinate directionVx=△dx/△t，yWater flow velocity in coordinate directionVy=△dy/△tThe resultant flow rate isV=(Vx 2+Vy 2)0.5I.e. the flow rate of the water at the location of the float 1 is obtained. Taking the flow rate test of the entrance door area of the navigation channel as an example, the target prism 5 is measured within the time interval of 0.5s at any time of the testxA displacement of 0.12m in the coordinate direction and 1.14m in the y-coordinate direction, for that positionxThe flow velocity of water flow in the coordinate direction is 0.24m/s,ythe flow velocity of water flow in the coordinate direction is 2.28m/s, and the total flow velocity is 2.29 m/s. Also, the water flow rate at any position can be obtained.
The precision of the total station 3 for determining the position coordinates of the target prism 5 can reach millimeter level, so that the on-site water flow velocity and direction can be accurately measured and obtained after the technology of the invention is adopted, the method can adapt to various severe environmental conditions, and an accurate and reliable method is provided for on-site water flow velocity testing.
Claims (3)
1. A water flow velocity field test method is characterized in that the technical characteristics that an automatic tracking type total station can automatically track a target prism in real time are utilized, the target prism is fixed at the top of a floater through designing the floater which follows water flow, the target prism and the floater flow together with the water flow, the moving speed of the target prism is the water flow velocity, the total station arranged on the bank automatically tracks the target prism, the position coordinate of the target prism at each moment is accurately obtained, and the flow velocity of the water flow in two horizontal directions is obtained through calculation according to the displacement and the time difference of the target prism in the two horizontal directions.
2. The method for on-site testing of the flow rate of water according to claim 1, wherein: the float be central symmetry structure, by the kickboard, the bracing piece, the pterygoid lamina triplex is constituteed, the kickboard is installed in the upper portion of the bracing piece of float, the design is circular, the central trompil of kickboard, the cover is on the bracing piece, the kickboard adopts the quality to have the material preparation of better buoyancy lighter, guarantee that the float can float at the surface of water, the bracing piece adopts cylindrical hollow tube, the kickboard is passed at its top, and stretch out a segment length, be used for installing target prism, four the same pterygoid laminas of bracing piece bottom symmetry installation, the pterygoid lamina adopts the great thin wall material preparation of rigidity, and can guarantee that the float is vertical to stable, the pterygoid lamina receives the rivers effect, drive whole.
3. The method for on-site testing of the flow rate of water according to claim 1, wherein: the total station has an automatic tracking function, the target prism adopts a 360-degree prism, the total station is arranged on the shore of the measuring area, the whole measuring range can be covered within the radius of 1000m of the total station, and no barrier is shielded between the total station and the measuring area.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010152582.0A CN111308123A (en) | 2020-03-06 | 2020-03-06 | Water flow velocity field test method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010152582.0A CN111308123A (en) | 2020-03-06 | 2020-03-06 | Water flow velocity field test method |
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| CN111308123A true CN111308123A (en) | 2020-06-19 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111964870A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-20 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Test platform for pump room flow channel simulation |
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2020
- 2020-03-06 CN CN202010152582.0A patent/CN111308123A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111964870A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-20 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Test platform for pump room flow channel simulation |
| CN111964870B (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2022-03-04 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Test platform for pump room flow channel simulation |
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