CN112857335B - Flood discharge water surface line dynamic observation method of prism-free total station - Google Patents
Flood discharge water surface line dynamic observation method of prism-free total station Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a flood discharge water surface line dynamic observation method of a prism-free total station, and belongs to the field of hydraulic engineering measurement. Firstly, finding an easy observation point near the upper part of a water surface line to be observed as a work base point, and measuring the elevation of the work base point and the distance between the work base point and the measuring station by using a total station; then, aiming the telescope at a point to be measured of the dynamic water surface line to be measured, and measuring a horizontal angle and a vertical angle between the point to be measured and a working base point in time; and then, calculating the height difference between the point to be measured and the working base point by utilizing the triangular relation between the point to be measured and the working base point to obtain the elevation of the water surface line. The method can overcome the problems that the total station has weak return light signals, and because the point to be measured is positioned in a wave area, the wave fluctuates quickly, the exposure time is extremely short, and the elevation of the point to be measured cannot be directly measured, realizes the real-time and quick measurement of the point to be measured in the wave influence area, and provides a new method for dynamically and quickly observing the dynamic water surface line.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a flood discharge water surface line dynamic observation method of a prism-free total station, and belongs to the field of hydraulic engineering measurement.
Background
When the dam discharges flood, because the flow of the discharged water is large and the flow speed is high, huge scouring, cavitation and vibration effects can be generated on the downstream absorption basin, and the safety of the absorption basin is seriously tested. Therefore, the rapid and accurate measurement of the water surface line of the downstream of the dam during flood discharge is urgently needed in engineering, so that the hydraulic characteristics and stable safety analysis of the stilling pool are met, a reasonable flood discharge scheme is determined, and the influence of the discharged water flow on the safety of the stilling pool is reduced.
In the existing water surface line measuring method, the traditional water level gauge measurement needs to be manually erected in water, and the traditional water level gauge cannot be used in flood discharge stilling basin measurement with large water flow and high flow speed; in the traditional method for measuring the water surface line by using the prism-free total station, after a concrete surface is wetted by water, a laser signal is greatly absorbed, and a reflected return light signal is seriously weakened, so that the total station is difficult to capture an effective laser return light signal, and further data measurement cannot be finished. Aiming at the defects of the traditional measuring method, a plurality of scholars propose a plurality of new measuring methods. Li assist et al propose a technique for detecting a water line by an image recognition technique, but this method also requires a scale to be erected at the point to be measured; in addition, if stains appear in the measuring process of the scale, the measuring result is greatly influenced; the method comprises the steps that video images are collected by Baojiang and the like, and then the water level line is detected through Haar characteristics, but when the video images are collected, the water surface to be detected is required to be stable, when the stilling pool discharges flood, the water flow is turbulent, the water surface is large in fluctuation, the water surface is difficult to keep calm, meanwhile, when the sunlight is strong, the method is easy to realize false detection, and the concrete on two sides of the stilling pool reflects the sunlight strongly, so that the method is difficult to effectively observe the water level line when the stilling pool discharges the flood; lidongfeng and the like measure the elevation of a water surface line by a tide level meter and a GPS technology, but the tide level meter is required to be stable and motionless, and a GPS mobile station is required to be installed on a measuring ship, when the stilling pool discharges flood, the water flow is turbulent, the wave is violent to roll, and no matter the tide level meter or the GPS measuring ship is difficult to keep stable during the flood discharge, so the Lidongfeng and the like cannot be used for the dynamic measurement of the water surface of the stilling pool; the Bell dynasty and the like propose a measuring method for three-dimensional reconstruction of a dynamic water surface by using a high-speed camera video and a three-dimensional terrain, but the method cannot directly measure the elevation of a water surface line in real time. Despite the improvements of these methods, the requirement for fast and efficient observation of flood discharge water lines is still not met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a flood discharge water surface line dynamic observation method of a prism-free total station, which meets the requirement of quickly and efficiently observing the flood discharge water surface line.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a flood discharge water surface line dynamic observation method of a prism-free total station comprises the steps of firstly, finding an easy observation point near the upper part of a water surface line to be observed as a work base point, and measuring the elevation of the work base point and the distance between the work base point and the measurement point by using the total station; then, aiming the telescope at a point to be measured of the dynamic water surface line to be measured, and measuring a horizontal angle and a vertical angle between the point to be measured and a working base point in time; and then, calculating the height difference between the total station and the point to be measured by utilizing the triangular relation between the point to be measured and the working base point to obtain the height of the point to be measured.
Specifically, firstly, the height difference between the total station and the point to be measured is measured, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the sight line of the working base point is horizontal and vertical to the opposite bank
The point A to be measured is positioned right below the front of the measuring station O, an intersection point B of a horizontal sight line and a vertical opposite shore is selected as a working base point, A 'is a projection point of the point A on a vertical surface in the horizontal direction, firstly, the horizontal distance d between the two points is measured O, B, then, a cross wire of a telescope of the total station is aligned to the point A to be measured of an interface between a water surface and concrete, a depression angle alpha between OB and OA is measured, and then, the height difference BA' between the point B and the point A, namely the height difference between the total station and the point to be measured, can be obtained through the triangular relation between OBA;
if the opposite bank to be measured is only a slope, the slope angle is beta, and no street exists, the height difference BA' between the A, B points is as follows:
if the opposite bank to be measured is a slope, the slope angle is beta, a carriageway exists, and the width is b, then the height difference BA' between the total station and the water surface is as follows:
(2) the sight line of the working base point looks upward and is vertical to the opposite bank
If the working base point can not be arranged right ahead of the point O of the measuring station, the point D above the right ahead of the point O can be selected as the working base point, and firstly, the slant distance D between O, D and the elevation angle gamma between OD and the horizontal sight line OB are measured; then, aligning a cross wire of a telescope of the total station to a point A of the point to be measured, measuring a depression angle alpha between OA and OB, and obtaining a height difference BA' between the total station and the point to be measured through a triangular relation between OBA;
if the opposite bank to be measured is only a slope, the slope angle is beta and no carriageway exists, the height difference BA' between the total station and the point to be measured is as follows:
if the opposite bank to be measured is a slope, the slope angle is beta, a carriageway exists, and the width is b, then the height difference BA' between the total station and the water surface is as follows:
(3) the sight line of the working base point is horizontal and is obliquely crossed with the opposite bank
If the point A to be measured is not positioned in the direct front of the measuring station O and is positioned on two sides of the sight line in the direct front, working base points B are required to be arranged on two side directions in the direct front, when the sight line of the total station has horizontal deflection, the vertical surface of the observation sight line is not perpendicular to the bank of the point to be measured, the inclination angle of the intersection line of the vertical surface of the observation sight line and the bank slope is not the inclination angle of the bank slope, but is the relation among an apparent inclination angle theta, the bank slope angle beta and the sight line horizontal direction deflection angle delta, and then:
tanθ＝tanβcosδ (5)
firstly, measuring a depression angle alpha between a horizontal sight line and an OA and a horizontal deflection angle delta of the sight line OA; then adjusting the sight line OB level of the total station to measure the distance d between O, B; then the height difference BA' between the total station and the point to be measured can be obtained through the triangular relation between the OBAs;
if the opposite bank to be measured is only a slope, the slope angle is beta and no carriageway exists, the height difference BA' between the total station and the point to be measured is as follows:
if the opposite bank to be measured is a slope, the slope angle is beta, a carriageway exists, and the width is b, then the height difference BA' between the total station and the point A to be measured is as follows:
(4) the sight line of the working base point looks upward and obliquely intersects with the opposite bank
If the point A to be measured is not positioned in front of the measuring station O and is positioned at two sides of the sight line in front, the working base point D is arranged at the side and is positioned above the horizontal sight line, and firstly, the depression angle alpha between the horizontal sight line and the OA and the horizontal deflection angle delta of the sight line OA are measured; then adjusting the sight of the total station to a point D, and measuring a distance D between O, D and an elevation angle gamma between OD and a horizontal sight OB; then the height difference BA' between the total station and the point to be measured can be obtained through the triangular relation between the OBAs;
if the opposite bank to be measured is only a slope, the slope angle is beta, and no street exists, the height difference BA' between the total station and the point A to be measured at the moment is as follows:
if the opposite bank to be measured is a slope, the slope angle is beta, a carriageway exists, and the width is b, then the height difference BA' between the total station and the point A to be measured is as follows:
specifically, after the height difference BA' between the total station and the point A to be measured is obtained, the height v of the ground of the point A to be measured is combinedBAnd the height h of the instrument is calculated, so that the elevation v of the point A to be measured can be obtainedAComprises the following steps:
▽A＝▽B+h-BA' (10)。
the invention has the beneficial effects that: the vertical angle and the horizontal angle are measured in real time through the angle measuring sensor of the total station, so that the point to be measured can be quickly measured, the measuring speed is greatly improved, the point to be measured in a wave influence area can be quickly and quickly measured, and the requirement of quickly and efficiently dynamically observing the flood discharge water surface line is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows that the sight line of the working base point is horizontal and vertical to the opposite bank, and the opposite bank has no street.
Fig. 2 shows that the sight line of the working base point is horizontal and vertical to the opposite bank with a street.
FIG. 3 is a view of the working base point of the present invention looking up and perpendicular to the opposite bank, which has no street.
FIG. 4 is a view of the present invention with the view of the working base point looking upward and perpendicular to the opposite bank with a street.
FIG. 5 shows that the sight line of the working base point is horizontal and is obliquely crossed with the opposite bank, and no street is left on the opposite bank.
FIG. 6 shows that the sight line of the working base point is horizontal and is obliquely crossed with the opposite bank with a street.
FIG. 7 is a view of the present invention with the view of the working base point looking upward and obliquely crossing the opposite bank without street.
FIG. 8 is the view of the working base point looking upward and obliquely crossing the opposite bank with a street.
Detailed Description
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1 to 8, in a flood discharge water surface line dynamic observation method of a prism-free total station, an easy observation point is first found near a position above a water surface line to be observed as a work base point, and the total station is used for measuring the elevation of the work base point and the distance between the work base point and the measurement point; then, aiming the telescope at a point to be measured of the dynamic water surface line to be measured, and measuring a horizontal angle and a vertical angle between the point to be measured and a working base point in time; and then, calculating the height difference between the total station and the point to be measured by utilizing the triangular relation between the point to be measured and the working base point to obtain the height of the point to be measured.
Further, firstly, measuring the height difference between the total station and the point to be measured, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the sight line of the working base point is horizontal and vertical to the opposite bank
The point A to be measured is positioned right below the front of a measuring station O (namely the position of the total station), an intersection point B of a horizontal sight line and a vertical opposite shore is selected as a working base point, A 'is a projection point of the point A on a vertical plane in the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance d between the two points is measured at first O, B, then a cross wire of a telescope of the total station is aligned to the point A to be measured of an interface between a water surface and concrete, a depression angle alpha between OB and OA is measured, and then the height difference BA' between the point B and the point A, namely the height difference between the total station and the point to be measured, can be obtained through the triangular relation between OBA;
if the opposite bank to be measured is only a slope, the slope angle is beta, and no street exists, the height difference BA' between the A, B points is as follows:
if the opposite bank to be measured is a slope, the slope angle is beta, a carriageway exists, and the width is b, then the height difference BA' between the total station and the water surface is as follows:
(2) the sight line of the working base point looks upward and is vertical to the opposite bank
If the working base point can not be arranged right ahead of the point O of the measuring station, the point D above the right ahead of the point O can be selected as the working base point, and firstly, the slant distance D between O, D and the elevation angle gamma between OD and the horizontal sight line OB are measured; then, aligning a cross wire of a telescope of the total station to a point A of the point to be measured, measuring a depression angle alpha between OA and OB, and obtaining a height difference BA' between the total station and the point to be measured through a triangular relation between OBA;
if the opposite bank to be measured is only a slope, the slope angle is beta and no carriageway exists, the height difference BA' between the total station and the point to be measured is as follows:
if the opposite bank to be measured is a slope, the slope angle is beta, a carriageway exists, and the width is b, then the height difference BA' between the total station and the water surface is as follows:
(3) the sight line of the working base point is horizontal and is obliquely crossed with the opposite bank
If the point A to be measured is not positioned in the direct front of the measuring station O and is positioned on two sides of the sight line in the direct front, working base points B are required to be arranged on two side directions in the direct front, when the sight line of the total station has horizontal deflection, the vertical surface of the observation sight line is not perpendicular to the bank of the point to be measured, the inclination angle of the intersection line of the vertical surface of the observation sight line and the bank slope is not the inclination angle of the bank slope, but is the relation among an apparent inclination angle theta, the bank slope angle beta and the sight line horizontal direction deflection angle delta, and then:
tanθ＝tanβcosδ (5)
firstly, measuring a depression angle alpha between a horizontal sight line and an OA and a horizontal deflection angle delta of the sight line OA; then adjusting the sight line OB level of the total station to measure the distance d between O, B; then the height difference BA' between the total station and the point to be measured can be obtained through the triangular relation between the OBAs;
if the opposite bank to be measured is only a slope, the slope angle is beta and no carriageway exists, the height difference BA' between the total station and the point to be measured is as follows:
if the opposite bank to be measured is a slope, the slope angle is beta, a carriageway exists, and the width is b, then the height difference BA' between the total station and the point A to be measured is as follows:
(4) the sight line of the working base point looks upward and obliquely intersects with the opposite bank
If the point A to be measured is not positioned in front of the measuring station O and is positioned at two sides of the sight line in front, the working base point D is arranged at the side and is positioned above the horizontal sight line, and firstly, the depression angle alpha between the horizontal sight line and the OA and the horizontal deflection angle delta of the sight line OA are measured; then adjusting the sight of the total station to a point D, and measuring a distance D between O, D and an elevation angle gamma between OD and a horizontal sight OB; then the height difference BA' between the total station and the point to be measured can be obtained through the triangular relation between the OBAs;
if the opposite bank to be measured is only a slope, the slope angle is beta, and no street exists, the height difference BA' between the total station and the point A to be measured at the moment is as follows:
if the opposite bank to be measured is a slope, the slope angle is beta, a carriageway exists, and the width is b, then the height difference BA' between the total station and the point A to be measured is as follows:
further, calculating elevation A of the point A to be measured
After the height difference BA' between the total station and the point A to be measured is obtained, the elevation v of the ground of the point A to be measured is combinedBAnd the height h of the instrument is calculated, so that the elevation v of the point A to be measured can be obtainedAComprises the following steps:
▽A＝▽B+h-BA' (10)。
3 example analysis
3.1 formula validation
In order to verify the correctness of the formula, the water level of a certain water pool in the campus is selected for observation, and the correctness of the formula is verified by comparing and analyzing an observed calculated value and an actually measured value. The shoreside of the pool is lined with concrete, the slope angle is 62 degrees 59' 40 degrees, and the model of a total station is Zhonghaida ZPS-121R. The measured relative error is the ratio between the absolute value of the error and the distance d. The observation results are shown in table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the method has the advantages of small measurement result error and high precision.
TABLE 1 Water level Observation of a certain pool in campus
3.2 open channel flood discharge water line observation
And observing a flood discharge water surface line, and selecting a hydropower station open channel for actual observation during flood discharge. The total station also selects Zhonghaida ZPS-121R, and the measuring station is arranged on the left guide wall of the open channel to observe the water surface line change condition of the right bank of the open channel under different working conditions. For convenient observation, the specific positions of the measuring stations are set at 0+239.341m of the left guide and 0.77m of the open channel side, and the height of the total station instrument is 1.46 m. The elevation of the top of the left guide wall of the open channel is 1004m, a berm is arranged at the elevation 1002.5m of the right bank of the open channel, the width of the berm is 2m, and the slope angle of the bank slope is 53 degrees, 7 '48'. The flood discharge water line observations are shown in table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, the method has the advantages of small error of the measurement result and high precision.
Table 2 observation results of flood discharging water surface line of open channel of certain hydropower station
Example analysis shows that the method has small measurement result error and can realize rapid and efficient dynamic observation of the flood discharge water surface line.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A flood discharge water surface line dynamic observation method of a prism-free total station is characterized in that: firstly, finding an observation point above a water surface line to be observed as a work base point, and measuring the elevation of the work base point and the distance between the work base point and the measuring station by using a total station; then, aiming the telescope at a point to be measured of the dynamic water surface line to be measured, and measuring a horizontal angle and a vertical angle between the point to be measured and a working base point in time; then, calculating the height difference between the total station and the point to be measured by utilizing the triangular relation between the point to be measured and the working base point to obtain the height of the point to be measured;
firstly, measuring the height difference between a total station and a point to be measured, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the sight line of the working base point is horizontal and vertical to the opposite bank
The point A to be measured is positioned right below the front of the measuring station O, an intersection point B of a horizontal sight line and a vertical opposite shore is selected as a working base point, A 'is a projection point of the point A on a vertical surface in the horizontal direction, firstly, the horizontal distance d between the two points is measured O, B, then, a cross wire of a telescope of the total station is aligned to the point A to be measured of an interface between a water surface and concrete, a depression angle alpha between OB and OA is measured, and then, the height difference BA' between the point B and the point A, namely the height difference between the total station and the point to be measured, can be obtained through the triangular relation between OBA;
if the opposite bank to be measured is only a slope, the slope angle is beta, and no street exists, the height difference BA' between the A, B points is as follows:
if the opposite bank to be measured is a slope, the slope angle is beta, a carriageway exists, and the width is b, then the height difference BA' between the total station and the water surface is as follows:
(2) the sight line of the working base point looks upward and is vertical to the opposite bank
If the working base point can not be arranged right ahead of the point O of the measuring station, the point D above the right ahead of the point O can be selected as the working base point, and firstly, the slant distance D between O, D and the elevation angle gamma between OD and the horizontal sight line OB are measured; then, aligning a cross wire of a telescope of the total station to a point A of the point to be measured, measuring a depression angle alpha between OA and OB, and obtaining a height difference BA' between the total station and the point to be measured through a triangular relation between OBA;
if the opposite bank to be measured is only a slope, the slope angle is beta and no carriageway exists, the height difference BA' between the total station and the point to be measured is as follows:
if the opposite bank to be measured is a slope, the slope angle is beta, a carriageway exists, and the width is b, then the height difference BA' between the total station and the water surface is as follows:
(3) the sight line of the working base point is horizontal and is obliquely crossed with the opposite bank
If the point A to be measured is not positioned in the direct front of the measuring station O and is positioned on two sides of the sight line in the direct front, working base points B are required to be arranged on two side directions in the direct front, when the sight line of the total station has horizontal deflection, the vertical surface of the observation sight line is not perpendicular to the bank of the point to be measured, the inclination angle of the intersection line of the vertical surface of the observation sight line and the bank slope is not the inclination angle of the bank slope, but is the relation among an apparent inclination angle theta, the bank slope angle beta and the sight line horizontal direction deflection angle delta, and then:
tanθ＝tanβcosδ (5)
firstly, measuring a depression angle alpha between a horizontal sight line and an OA and a horizontal deflection angle delta of the sight line OA; then adjusting the sight line OB level of the total station to measure the distance d between O, B; then the height difference BA' between the total station and the point to be measured can be obtained through the triangular relation between the OBAs;
if the opposite bank to be measured is only a slope, the slope angle is beta and no carriageway exists, the height difference BA' between the total station and the point to be measured is as follows:
if the opposite bank to be measured is a slope, the slope angle is beta, a carriageway exists, and the width is b, then the height difference BA' between the total station and the point A to be measured is as follows:
(4) the sight line of the working base point looks upward and obliquely intersects with the opposite bank
If the point A to be measured is not positioned in front of the measuring station O and is positioned at two sides of the sight line in front, the working base point D is arranged at the side and is positioned above the horizontal sight line, and firstly, the depression angle alpha between the horizontal sight line and the OA and the horizontal deflection angle delta of the sight line OA are measured; then adjusting the sight of the total station to a point D, and measuring a distance D between O, D and an elevation angle gamma between OD and a horizontal sight OB; then the height difference BA' between the total station and the point to be measured can be obtained through the triangular relation between the OBAs;
if the opposite bank to be measured is only a slope, the slope angle is beta, and no street exists, the height difference BA' between the total station and the point A to be measured at the moment is as follows:
if the opposite bank to be measured is a slope, the slope angle is beta, a carriageway exists, and the width is b, then the height difference BA' between the total station and the point A to be measured is as follows:
2. the method for dynamically observing a flood discharge water surface line of a prism-free total station as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
after the height difference BA' between the total station and the point A to be measured is obtained, the elevation v of the ground of the point A to be measured is combinedBAnd the height h of the instrument is calculated, so that the elevation v of the point A to be measured can be obtainedAComprises the following steps:
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101140164A (en) * | 2007-09-10 | 2008-03-12 | 唐发志 | All-station instrument accurate measurement height method |
| CN101614127A (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2009-12-30 | 上海市隧道工程轨道交通设计研究院 | The shield structure connects and crosses river locating tab assembly method in the construction |
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| CN105758376B (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2018-02-16 | 中铁上海设计院集团有限公司 | Suspension surveying method based on similar triangles |
| JP6963909B2 (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2021-11-10 | 株式会社トプコン | Surveying system |
| CN111721262B (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2021-06-11 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Automatic guiding method for total station tracking in field elevation measurement |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101140164A (en) * | 2007-09-10 | 2008-03-12 | 唐发志 | All-station instrument accurate measurement height method |
| CN101614127A (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2009-12-30 | 上海市隧道工程轨道交通设计研究院 | The shield structure connects and crosses river locating tab assembly method in the construction |
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