CN110685303B - Method for measuring base section in sinking process of open caisson - Google Patents
Method for measuring base section in sinking process of open caisson Download PDFInfo
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- CN110685303B CN110685303B CN201910965279.XA CN201910965279A CN110685303B CN 110685303 B CN110685303 B CN 110685303B CN 201910965279 A CN201910965279 A CN 201910965279A CN 110685303 B CN110685303 B CN 110685303B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/89—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for measuring a substrate section in a sinking process of an open caisson, which comprises the following steps: fixing positioning piles and a mounting frame on the periphery of the open caisson; disturbing precipitation by an open caisson; erecting and trial-operating analysis equipment; measuring and calibrating equipment errors; connecting a sonar probe and a directional sonar probe; opening the hoisting assembly to arrange a sonar probe; collecting and recording image information; acquiring sonar images with different heights from the bottom; and (5) carrying out sonar data post-processing. According to open caisson bottom sonar scanning achievement, carry out on-the-spot analysis, acquire apart from the sonar image of the not co-altitude in bottom, so that carry out the back processing of sonar data, sonar image detection implements easy operation, the topography presents with the image form in the open caisson, achievement resolution ratio is high, the intuition is strong, the operating efficiency is high, judge the open caisson bottom barrier distribution condition and the interior circumstances of fetching earth of open caisson, effectively guide the project construction, the convenience sinks to the wall of a well, open caisson landform monitors, project construction efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of building construction, in particular to a method for measuring a base section in the sinking process of an open caisson.
Background
In construction, some buildings are embedded deeply, the water content in soil is high, the underground water level is high, the construction after large excavation is adopted is difficult to solve the drainage problem, and the cost is increased greatly; some building construction sites are narrow and small, and nearby buildings influence the construction which is not suitable for large excavation. Under the above circumstances, open caisson construction is a better construction method.
At present, open caisson construction is a mature construction process and is widely applied to projects such as deep pits, basements, water pump rooms, deep foundations of equipment, piers, wharfs and the like, but the control difficulty of the verticality and the position of a well body is increased when the well body sinks in the open caisson construction due to uneven foundation soil bearing capacity and the influence of underground water. The measurement of the settlement is the most important to take corrective measures in time.
For example, in a method for measuring the sinking well settlement disclosed in chinese patent No. CN103741726B, four concrete buttresses are respectively made at positions around the well body and away from the well body by a certain distance (the horizontal distance is greater than the sinking well settlement depth) before the sinking well is constructed, and the height of each concrete buttress is 100mm higher than the ground; a horizontal laser instrument is arranged on each concrete buttress, and scale marks are arranged on well walls at four corners of the well body; and in the sinking process of the sinking well, starting a laser instrument, and monitoring the position and the elevation in the sinking process of the sinking well in real time. The invention is convenient for construction technicians to carry out open caisson deviation correction in time and ensures the open caisson construction quality. Meanwhile, the measurement procedure is simplified, and the occurrence of human errors in the measurement process is reduced. And the construction progress is accelerated. The method can be widely applied to the construction of controlling the sedimentation quality of the open caisson construction structure.
However, the above-described technique has the following drawbacks: the method can play a good role in sinking depth and deviation correction of the sinking well, but cannot detect specific landform in the well, and can not well monitor well wall collapse and well bottom landform, and the landform result is simple to represent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for measuring the section of a substrate in the sinking process of an open caisson, which can monitor the collapse of the well wall and the landform of the open caisson.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: a method for measuring a base section in the sinking process of an open caisson comprises the following steps:
s1: fixing positioning piles at the periphery of the open caisson, arranging a mounting frame on the positioning piles, and arranging a hoisting assembly in the center of the open caisson, namely the middle part of the mounting frame;
s2: disturbing and precipitating for 0.5-1 d by the open caisson;
s3: erecting analysis equipment, testing on the land, and measuring the fixed deviation of a beacon;
s4: measuring and calibrating equipment errors;
s5: connecting the sonar probe with a hoisting rope, and orienting the sonar probe;
s6: opening the hoisting assembly, hoisting the sonar probe to a position near the center of the open caisson, and laying the sonar probe;
s7: collecting and recording image information, and performing field analysis;
s8: carrying out short-distance lifting and descending operation on the sonar probe according to the field condition to obtain sonar images with different heights from the bottom;
s9: sonar data post-processing and data analysis.
The technical scheme is implemented, the positioning piles are arranged on the periphery of the open caisson in advance, the mounting frame and the hoisting assembly are arranged on the positioning piles, sonar equipment can be conveniently fixed, then 0.5-1 d of sediment is precipitated, so that the water quality in the open caisson is enabled to be clear, the reflection obstruction is reduced, the on-land trial operation is convenient for detecting circuit connection and reducing errors, then the sonar probe is hoisted into the open caisson, the on-site analysis is carried out according to sonar scanning results at the bottom of the open caisson, the sonar equipment is subjected to short-distance lifting and descending operation according to on-site conditions, sonar images with different heights from the bottom are obtained, so that the later-stage processing of sonar data is conveniently carried out, the sonar image detection implementation operation is simple, the topography in the open caisson is presented in an image form, the resolution ratio of the results is high, the intuition performance is strong, the operation efficiency is high, the distribution condition of obstacles at the bottom of the open caisson and the soil taking condition in the open caisson, the well wall subsidence and open caisson landform can be monitored conveniently, and the project construction efficiency is improved.
The invention is further configured to: in step S1, the mounting bracket is in the shape of a straight rod and is erected among the 2 positioning piles, the hoisting assembly comprises moving rings arranged on the mounting bracket along the length direction, pulling ropes are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the mounting bracket and connected with the moving rings, and cloth rollers are arranged at the lower ends of the moving rings.
Implement above-mentioned technical scheme, in open caisson periphery fixed position stake in advance to erect the mounting bracket between 2 spuds, adopt the pulling haulage rope to control the position of shift ring on the mounting bracket, the adjustment of being convenient for shifts the position of ring and later stage sonar probe, set up the cloth gyro wheel and be convenient for carry out the cloth to sonar probe.
The invention is further configured to: in step S3, the analysis equipment mainly comprises a notebook computer, a junction box, a winding roller and a GPS instrument; and (4) beacon fixed deviation measurement, namely searching any two nearby points after the beacon fixed deviation value is input and before measurement, and erecting a GPS (global positioning system) on the points for checking.
By implementing the technical scheme, the notebook computer, the junction box, the winding roller and the GPS instrument are sequentially erected and connected on site, and meanwhile, the fixed deviation of the beacon is adjusted according to the GPS instrument to be measured, so that the GPS is checked, and the accuracy of the device is further improved.
The invention is further configured to: in step S4, the device error measurement and calibration includes roll deviation, pitch deviation, heading deviation, comprehensive depth measurement error, depth measurement accuracy comparison with a single beam depth meter, and error in positioning, and the calibration is performed in the order of roll deviation, pitch deviation, and heading deviation.
By implementing the technical scheme, after the roll deviation, the pitch deviation and the heading deviation of the instrument are calibrated, the instrument can be promoted to enter a better working state, and errors generated in the detection process are reduced.
The invention is further configured to: and the comprehensive depth measurement error is measured by respectively laying depth measurement lines in the water area with the water depth not less than the maximum water depth in the measurement area and the flat underwater topography in the orthogonal direction, and comparing the water depths of the overlapped parts, wherein the number of points with the water depth not matched with the value is not more than 15% of the total number of points involved in comparison.
By implementing the technical scheme, the depth measuring lines are respectively arranged in the water areas with the water depth not less than the maximum water depth in the measuring area and the flat underwater topography in the orthogonal direction for measurement, the water depths of the overlapped parts are compared, the comparison is convenient, the comprehensive depth measuring error is calibrated, the number of points with inconsistent values is controlled to be not more than 15% of the total number of points involved in the comparison, and the accuracy of the device is improved.
The invention is further configured to: in step S5, the sonar probe is oriented to ensure that the sonar probe remains vertically downward in a stationary state.
Implement above-mentioned technical scheme, ensure under quiescent condition the sonar probe keeps perpendicular downwards, avoids the sonar probe to produce great rocking in the decline process, keeps the accuracy of detection.
The invention is further configured to: in step S6, the sonar probe is arranged, and the descending speed is uniform and is not more than 1 m/S.
Implement above-mentioned technical scheme, the descending speed is even not more than 1m/s, can avoid sonar probe descending speed too fast, reduces the disturbance in the open caisson.
The invention is further configured to: in step S9, during data processing, error correction is performed on the water depth data in combination with the measurement records, and retesting is performed on shallow points or suspicious points, and retesting verification is performed when the water depth comparison non-coincident points exceed 15% of the total points participating in comparison.
By implementing the technical scheme, the error correction is carried out on the water depth data, the retesting is carried out on shallow points or suspicious points, and the retesting verification can reduce the misleading of other factors to the detection result, so that the detection result is more accurate, and the error is further reduced.
The invention is further configured to: in step S6, after the sediment is settled for 0.5-1 d, testing by adopting the high frequency and the low frequency of different sonar probes, and selecting equipment and parameters with good feedback effect for detection.
Implement above-mentioned technical scheme, the water quality is comparatively dirty in the open caisson, and the low frequency sonar is applicable to dirty quality of water, and the high frequency sonar is applicable to for limpid quality of water, selects the effectual equipment of feedback and parameter to detect, guarantees that the testing result is comparatively accurate.
In conclusion, the beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention discloses a method for measuring a substrate section in a sinking process of an open caisson, which is characterized in that a positioning pile is arranged at the periphery of the open caisson in advance, a mounting frame and a hoisting assembly are arranged on the positioning pile, sonar equipment can be conveniently fixed, then, precipitation is carried out for 0.5-1 d, the water quality in the open caisson is enabled to be clear, reflection obstruction is reduced, land trial operation is facilitated at S3 for connection of a detection circuit, errors are reduced, then, a sonar probe is hoisted into the open caisson, field analysis is carried out according to sonar scanning results at the bottom of the open caisson, short-distance lifting and descending operation is carried out on the sonar equipment according to field conditions, sonar images with different heights from the bottom are obtained, so that the later-stage processing of the sonar data is facilitated, the sonar image detection implementation operation is simple, the topography in the open caisson is presented in an image form, the result resolution is high, the intuition is strong, the operation efficiency is high, the distribution condition of obstacles at the bottom of the open caisson and the soil, project construction is effectively guided, collapse of a well wall and open caisson landform can be conveniently monitored, and project construction efficiency is improved;
2. fixing the positioning piles at the periphery of the open caisson in advance, erecting a mounting frame among 2 positioning piles, controlling the position of a movable ring on the mounting frame by pulling a traction rope, conveniently adjusting the position of the movable ring and adjusting the position of a sonar probe at the later stage, arranging a cloth roller to conveniently distribute the sonar probe, and avoiding the problem that the sonar probe is inclined because the sonar probe is fixed on the mounting frame and then the mounting frame is erected;
3. through online debugging before installing, adjustment beacon fixed deviation, control sonar probe falling speed, reduced external factor's influence, further increased the accuracy that detects.
4. When sonar data is processed, error correction and shallow point or suspicious point retesting are carried out on the water depth data by combining with measurement records, and retesting verification is carried out when the water depth comparison non-coincident points exceed 15% of the total points participating in comparison, so that the accuracy of detection results is ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of the mount section of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. positioning the pile; 2. a mounting frame; 3. hoisting the assembly; 4. a moving ring; 5. a hauling rope; 6. and a cloth roller.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the invention discloses a method for measuring a section of a substrate in a sinking process of a sinking well, which comprises the following steps:
s1: fixing positioning piles 1 at the periphery of the open caisson, arranging a mounting frame 2 on the positioning piles 1, arranging a hoisting assembly 3 in the center of the open caisson, namely the middle part of the mounting frame 2, wherein the mounting frame 2 is in a straight rod shape and is erected among the 2 positioning piles 1, the hoisting assembly 3 comprises a movable ring 4 arranged on the mounting frame 2 along the length direction, two ends of the mounting frame 2 are symmetrically provided with traction ropes 5 which are connected with the movable ring 4, and the lower end of the movable ring 4 is provided with a material distribution roller 6;
s2: disturbing and precipitating the sediment for 0.5-1 d, keeping the water quality in the open caisson clear as much as possible during measurement, testing by adopting high frequency and low frequency of different sonar probes, and selecting equipment and parameters with good feedback effect for detection;
s3: erecting analysis equipment which mainly comprises a notebook computer, a junction box, a winding roller and a GPS instrument, and testing on land; beacon fixed deviation determination, after inputting a beacon fixed deviation value and before measurement, searching any two nearby points, erecting a GPS (global positioning system) on the points for checking, and determining the beacon fixed deviation;
s4: measuring and calibrating equipment errors, wherein the measuring and calibrating equipment errors comprise rolling deviation, pitching deviation, heading deviation, comprehensive depth measurement errors, depth measurement precision comparison with a single-beam depth meter and errors in positioning, the calibration is carried out according to the rolling deviation, the pitching deviation and the heading deviation in sequence, the comprehensive depth measurement errors are measured by respectively laying depth measuring lines in a water area with the water depth not less than the maximum water depth in a measuring area and the flat underwater topography in the orthogonal direction, and comparing the water depths of overlapped parts, and the number of points of the water depth comparison inconsistency value is not more than 15% of the total number of points involved in comparison;
s5: connecting the sonar probe with a hoisting rope, orienting the sonar probe, and ensuring that the sonar probe is kept vertically downward in a static state;
s6: the hoisting component 3 is started, the sonar probe is hoisted to a position near the center of the open caisson, and the sonar probe is arranged;
s7: collecting and recording image information, and performing field analysis;
s8: carrying out short-distance lifting and descending operation on the sonar probe according to the field condition to obtain sonar images with different heights from the bottom;
s9: and carrying out later-stage processing on sonar data, analyzing the data, combining with measurement records during data processing, carrying out error correction on the water depth data, retesting shallow points or suspicious points, and retesting and verifying when the water depth comparison non-coincident points exceed 15% of the total points participating in comparison.
Before data processing, the accuracy of relevant data such as parameters set in data processing software, position offset of each sensor, system calibration parameters and the like should be checked. And during data processing, sound velocity correction and water level correction are carried out on the water depth data according to requirements by combining field measurement records of the multi-beam sounding system. And editing the positioning data, compass data, attitude data and water depth data of each sounding line respectively. And selecting reasonable parameter filtering according to the submarine topography and the quality of the water depth data measured by each wave beam, and then carrying out human-computer interaction processing. Points that cannot be determined should be analyzed in terms of the water area of operation, the number of echoes, the signal quality, and the like. After the data are edited and corrected, all the water depth data are comprehensively checked again, and the surface model is used for evaluating according to the propagation error of each water depth and the nearby water depth to remove unreasonable water depth data.
Working process (principle): the invention discloses a measuring method of a substrate section in a sinking process of an open caisson, which is characterized in that a positioning pile 1 is arranged at the periphery of the open caisson in advance, a mounting frame 2 and a hoisting component 3 are arranged on the positioning pile 1, sonar equipment can be conveniently fixed, then 0.5-1 d of sediment is deposited to promote the water quality in the open caisson to be clear and reduce reflection obstruction, the on-land trial operation is convenient for detecting circuit connection and reducing errors at S3, then a sonar probe is hoisted into the open caisson, the on-site analysis is carried out according to the sonar scanning result at the bottom of the open caisson, the sonar equipment is hoisted and descended in short distance according to the on-site condition to obtain sonar images with different heights from the bottom so as to carry out the post-processing of sonar data, the sonar image detection implementation operation is simple, the topography in the open caisson is presented in an image form, the result resolution is high, the intuition is strong, the operation efficiency is high, the topography of a scanning area is displayed and analyzed in three-dimensional data processing software, the sonar scanning achievement at the bottom of the pit is used for judging the distribution situation of obstacles at the bottom of the open caisson and the soil taking situation in the open caisson, so that project construction is effectively guided, and project construction efficiency is improved.
The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for measuring the section of a substrate in the sinking process of an open caisson is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: fixing positioning piles (1) on the periphery of the open caisson, arranging a mounting frame (2) on the positioning piles (1), and arranging a hoisting assembly (3) in the center of the open caisson, namely in the middle of the mounting frame (2);
s2: disturbing and precipitating for 0.5-1 d by the open caisson;
s3: erecting analysis equipment, testing on the land, and measuring the fixed deviation of a beacon;
s4: measuring and calibrating equipment errors;
s5: connecting a sonar probe and a hoisting rope, and orienting the sonar probe;
s6: the hoisting assembly (3) is opened, the sonar probe is hoisted to a position near the center of the open caisson, and the sonar probe is arranged;
s7: collecting and recording image information, and performing field analysis;
s8: carrying out short-distance lifting and descending operation on the sonar probe according to the field condition to obtain sonar images with different heights from the bottom;
s9: carrying out sonar data post-processing and data analysis;
in the step S1, the mounting rack (2) is in a straight rod shape and is erected among the positioning piles (1), the hoisting assembly (3) comprises a moving ring (4) arranged along the length direction of the mounting rack (2), traction ropes (5) connected with the moving ring (4) are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the mounting rack (2), and cloth rollers (6) are arranged at the lower end of the moving ring (4).
2. The method for measuring the section of the substrate in the sinking process of the open caisson according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S3, the analysis equipment mainly comprises a notebook computer, a junction box, a winding roller and a GPS instrument; and (4) beacon fixed deviation measurement, namely searching any two nearby points after the beacon fixed deviation value is input and before measurement, and erecting a GPS (global positioning system) on the points for checking.
3. The method for measuring the section of the substrate in the sinking process of the open caisson according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S4, the device error measurement and calibration includes roll deviation, pitch deviation, heading deviation, comprehensive depth measurement error, depth measurement accuracy comparison with a single beam depth meter, and error in positioning, and the calibration is performed in the order of roll deviation, pitch deviation, and heading deviation.
4. The method for measuring the section of the substrate in the sinking process of the open caisson according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the comprehensive depth measurement error is measured by respectively laying depth measurement lines in the water area with the water depth not less than the maximum water depth in the measurement area and the flat underwater topography in the orthogonal direction, and comparing the water depths of the overlapped parts, wherein the number of points with the water depth not matched with the value is not more than 15% of the total number of points involved in comparison.
5. The method for measuring the section of the substrate in the sinking process of the open caisson according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S5, the sonar probe is oriented to ensure that the sonar probe remains vertically downward in a stationary state.
6. The method for measuring the section of the substrate in the sinking process of the open caisson according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S6, the sonar probe is arranged, and the descending speed is uniform and is not more than 1 m/S.
7. The method for measuring the section of the substrate in the sinking process of the open caisson according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S9, during data processing, error correction is performed on the water depth data in combination with the measurement records, and retesting is performed on shallow points or suspicious points, and retesting verification is performed when the water depth comparison non-coincident points exceed 15% of the total points participating in comparison.
8. The method for measuring the section of the substrate in the sinking process of the open caisson according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S6, after the sediment is settled for 0.5-1 d, testing by adopting the high frequency and the low frequency of different sonar probes, and selecting equipment and parameters with good feedback effect for detection.
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