CN104535123A - Online automatic channel flow measuring method - Google Patents
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- CN104535123A CN104535123A CN201410847498.5A CN201410847498A CN104535123A CN 104535123 A CN104535123 A CN 104535123A CN 201410847498 A CN201410847498 A CN 201410847498A CN 104535123 A CN104535123 A CN 104535123A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an online automatic channel flow measuring method. Measuring parameters are set on an upper computer, a microcontroller automatically subdivides a fracture surface into a plurality of zones, feature measuring points are automatically selected, after the flow speed of one point of the fracture surface and the water level of the fracture surface are measured, the average flow speed of a vertical line where the flow speed point is located is worked out according to the flow speed distribution rule in the vertical line direction of the fracture surface, the measuring point position, the measuring point flow speed and the water depth value, the average vertical line flow speed in each zone is obtained according to the transverse distribution rule of the average flow speed, the average flow speeds in the zones are represented through the average vertical line flow speeds in the zones, summing is conducted after the flow of the zones is obtained, and then the total flow of the fracture surface can be obtained. The feature measurement points can be accurately, reliably and automatically positioned, the detection precision is improved, the automatic flow measurement is achieved, and labor input is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of channel fluid flow detection method, specifically, is a kind of online canal capacity method for automatic measurement utilizing water level flow velocity method.
Technical background
Open channel flow measurement is irrigated area using water wisely, the effective measures improving pour water quality and irrigation efficiency, and being the important means performing the accurate diversion of energy in water plan process, water delivery, water distribution and pour water, is also the Main Basis appraising and deciding and collect water rate.
Rotary-type water meter.Rotary-type water meter is made up of runner, tank sum counter three parts, at present the country such as main application and Australia.When its principle of work is the water-head when water meter upstream and downstream are certain, runner rotates under the effect of head, the revolution of a certain period under counter records, then according in certain working range, runner often turns the passed through water yield, just can determine the water yield that a certain period passes through.
Electromagnetic flowmeter.Electromagnetic flowmeter is made up of sensor and converter.Its principle of work supports according to Faraday's electromagnetic induction law, and when current flow through this magnetic field, cutting magnetic line, the electrode being arranged on an ad-hoc location on this pipeline section tube wall will produce electromotive force, and the speed that size and the current of its electromotive force flow through is directly proportional.Because electromagnetic flowmeter has the series of advantages such as the pressure loss is little, flow measurement scope wide, do not have rotatable parts, the adaptability of (except the plug-in type) object that do not block water, convection cell is very strong, in recent years, obtain in the water gaging work of irrigated area and apply comparatively widely.
Shunt type cur.This flowmeter, primarily of flow tube, rotary wing water meter and connecting pipe composition, is used for measuring the water flow in main conduit.This flowmeter is arranged in the bypass of main line, can not affect the flow of supervisor, has that conveyance capacity is large, low in energy consumption, resistance is little, a not easily technical characterstic such as blocking.
Ultrasonic flow meter.It shows three part compositions primarily of electronic circuit board, ultrasonic transducer and instantaneous delivery and integrated flux.Its principle is that the ultrasound transmitting transducer in ultrasonic flow meter converts electric energy to ultrasonic energy, and by energy signal transmission in detected fluid, converted to after receive MUT and can represent flow and by the signal easily detected, so just can realize measurement and the display of flow.
Turbo flow meter.It comprises sensor and can the supporting composition of Flow Meter Based of recording pulse signal, for measuring instantaneous delivery and the total Water of fluid.Sensor is primarily of the electromagnetic induction converter composition of housing, front guide frame, impeller, rear guide frame, collar and band amplifier.When detected fluid flows through sensor, promote vane rotary, the magnetic resistance value in impeller periodically-varied magneto-electric induction system, make to be changed and generation current pulse signal by the magnetic flux of coil, after amplifying, be sent to secondary instrument, realize flow measurement.
Intelligence Micro Energy Lose open-channel meter.It is made up of magnetic moment configuration level sensor and intelligent open channel flow rate display instrument, can be used for measuring rectangle, the open channel flow rate such as trapezoidal.It has employed more advanced Micro Energy Lose micro-computer technology and electronic technology.Principle of work is: utilize water level wheel, ultrasound wave, pressure-sensitive diaphragm, switch, laser lamp to respond to the change of water level or hydraulic pressure, measure the actual water level degree of depth in channel, again by certain calculating, information processing and information conversion, finally acquired results is stored and record, and show on intelligent open channel flow rate display instrument.When measuring a certain canal capacity, this kind of instrument must be arranged in the free flow channel of comparatively rule, channel bottom surface and domatic all neat specification.Such instrument is low in energy consumption, and without the need to AC power, flowmeter highly sensitive, does not produce any resistance to channel.
At present, open channel section flow measurement method more or less all comes with some shortcomings.The velocity_area method that China always continues to use, needs manual operation, although measuring accuracy is very high, does not reach automatic measurement requirement.Weir notch method, comparatively accurately also more easily realizes automatic measurement, but needs the existing open channel of transformation, and investment is large, and in addition, the precision of this method is subject to the impact of open channel Scour and Accretion.And rely on the method for import instrument (as Doppler method both acoustic flowmeters, time difference method both acoustic flowmeters, electromagnetic flowmeter etc.) automatic measurement, because instrument price is expensive, maintenance cost is high, cannot the demand automatically measured of the wide open channel flow rate of meet volume multiaspect.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of online canal capacity method for automatic measurement, automatically detect to solve canal capacity, reduce costs, simple to operate, easy for installation and be easy to the problems such as maintenance, improve flow measurement precision simultaneously.
The online canal capacity method for automatic measurement of one that the present invention is above-mentioned, method described in it adopts water level flow velocity method to realize canal capacity method for automatic measurement based on canal capacity self-operated measuring unit;
Described canal capacity method for automatic measurement arranges measurement parameter on host computer, section is subdivided into several subregions and automatic selected characteristic measuring point by microcontroller automatically, after the flow velocity recording section point and section water level, by the velocity distribution in section vertical line direction, point position, point velocity and water depth value calculate the mean flow rate of flow velocity point place vertical line, each subregion perpendicular bisector mean flow rate is obtained again according to the cross direction profiles rule of mean flow rate, the mean flow rate of each subregion is represented by subregion perpendicular bisector mean flow rate, sue for peace after trying to achieve the flow of each subregion, the total flow of section can be obtained,
Described canal capacity self-operated measuring unit is on the crossbeam of H type support, be fixed with T-shaped slide plate, one end of first displacement leading screw is connected with the first stepper motor, and horizontally rotate connection through the other end of one end of H type support, T-shaped slide plate and H type support, first stepping driven by motor first displacement screw turns, realizes the horizontal shift of T-shaped slide plate; The termination that the second stepper motor is connected with the second displacement leading screw is provided with in the side of T-shaped slide plate, second displacement leading screw is provided with the second slide plate, bottom is connected with web joint, and level sensor is vertically installed with on T-shaped slide plate, the second slide plate and web joint, at slide plate while be vertically installed with current meter, second stepping driven by motor second ball screw turns, realizes the displacement vertically of the second slide plate.
In technique scheme, described TT&C system receives the signal of current meter, level sensor, and the first stepper motor and second stepper motor of pulsed drive horizontal direction is exported according to channel structure and water level information, control the movement travel direction of corresponding displacement leading screw, make level sensor and current meter move to unique point respectively and carry out data acquisition; Microcontroller will measure water level information and flow rate information through calculating flow value, and water level information, flow rate information and flow information will be sent to host computer and carry out storing and monitoring in real time.
The present invention above-mentioned a kind of online canal capacity method for automatic measurement is provided to obtain, compared with existing canal capacity method for automatic measurement, its beneficial effect be this method adopt structure simple, easy for installation, simple to operate and be convenient to safeguard canal capacity self-operated measuring unit, and measure canal capacity with water level flow velocity method, according to the setting of host computer to measurement parameter, comprise open channel coefficient, the section number of partitions
n, this device chooses point position automatically, by the data collected through calculating flow value, and data are sent to host computer interface by wireless transport module carry out storages and monitors in real time, achieve the automatic measurement of online channel flow.The use velocity_area method flow measurement that present method solves in the past not easily realizes the present situation of automatic measurement, can accurate automatic location feature measuring point, while improving flow measurement precision again, current surveying device is not also subject to the impact of open channel Scour and Accretion, effectively can monitor the change of open channel flow rate.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the canal capacity self-operated measuring unit that this method adopts.
Fig. 2 is the hardware controls theory diagram of this method.
Fig. 3 is that the water level flow velocity method of this method measures canal cross section flow schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the flow rate calculation process flow diagram of this method.
In figure: 1: TT&C system; 2: current meter; 3: level sensor; 4:H type support; 5: the first stepper motors; 6: the second stepper motors; 7: the first displacement leading screws; 8: the second displacement leading screws; 9:T type slide plate; 10: the second slide plates.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail, enable professional and technical personnel can reproduce online canal capacity method for automatic measurement of the present invention according to this embodiment, also can implement online canal capacity self-operated measuring unit of the present invention simultaneously.
Implement the online canal capacity method for automatic measurement of one provided by the present invention, the method is the basic skills adopting water level flow velocity method automatically to measure as canal capacity.By host computer, measurement parameter is set, section is subdivided into several subregions and automatic selected characteristic measuring point by microcontroller automatically, after the flow velocity recording section point and section water level, the mean flow rate of flow velocity point place vertical line is calculated by the velocity distribution in section vertical line direction, point position, point velocity and water depth value, each subregion perpendicular bisector mean flow rate is obtained again according to the cross direction profiles rule of mean flow rate, the mean flow rate of each subregion is represented by subregion perpendicular bisector mean flow rate, and after trying to achieve the flow of each subregion, summation can obtain the total flow of section.Flow rate calculation formula is:
(
i=1,2,3,…,
n) (1)
In formula:
qfor total flow value, m
3/ s; Δ
sibe
ithe area of subregion;
v i forthe
ithe average eguivalent flow velocity of subregion perpendicular bisector, for rectangular cross section, its value is the mean flow rate of this subregion perpendicular bisector;
nfor section subregion number;
bfor water surface width;
h m for the depth of water of section perpendicular bisector.
For rectangular cross section,
v i computing method as follows.
The mean flow rate cross direction profiles rule of rectangular cross section open channel vertical line is
(2)
In formula:
z i be
ithe distance of subregion perpendicular bisector distance channel left hand wall;
v maxfor the mean flow rate of section perpendicular bisector;
k,
p,
qfor coefficient.
Rectangular cross section open channel outskirt and surface region (
y/
h>=0.6) vertical velocity profile rule is:
(3)
Inner region bottom rectangular cross section open channel (
y/
h<0.6) vertical velocity profile rule is:
(4)
In formula (3), (4):
ufor point velocity;
v max for mean velocity in vertical;
yfor the distance at the bottom of measuring point distance canal;
hfor the depth of water;
a,
b,
cfor coefficient.
The canal capacity self-operated measuring unit implementing above-mentioned canal capacity method for automatic measurement is as follows.
With reference to accompanying drawing 1, the online canal capacity self-operated measuring unit of the present invention described in specific implementation method, comprises TT&C system 1, current meter 2, level sensor 3, support 4, first stepper motor 5, second stepper motor 6, first displacement leading screw 7, second displacement leading screw 8, slide plate 9, slide plate 10 forms.The support of adjustable apparatus height is installed respectively in channel both sides; First stepper motor 5, first displacement leading screw 7 is erected at by the horizontal motor transmission module that shaft coupling forms on the suitable height of channel both sides support; The motor vertical transmission module that the T-shaped slide plate 9 be installed on the first displacement leading screw 7 is provided with level sensor 3 and consists of shaft coupling second step stepper motor 6, second displacement leading screw 8; Vertically current meter 2 is installed below the second slide plate 10 that second displacement leading screw 8 is installed.
With reference to accompanying drawing 2, TT&C system 1 is connected to the first stepper motor 5, second stepper motor 6, current meter 2, level sensor 3 by wire, and export Pulse Width Control first stepper motor 5 and the second stepper motor 6 runs, and then control direction of motion and the stroke of corresponding first displacement leading screw 7 and the second displacement leading screw 8, make to be arranged on T-shaped slide plate on the first displacement leading screw 7 and the second displacement leading screw 8 and corresponding motion made by the second slide plate, and level sensor 3 and current meter 2 are moved to individual features measuring point measure.The flow rate information of all unique points recorded and water level information are carried out calculating flow and are shown by TT&C system, and be sent to host computer by GPRS wireless communication module carry out storing and monitoring in real time by recording water level information, flow rate information and the flow information that calculates, thus complete the work of flow measurement.
A rectangular cross section flow measurement example of the water level flow velocity method flow measurement that accompanying drawing 3 adopts for the present invention, before measuring, first whole section is carried out n decile on width, calculating for flow velocity has multiple method: one point method, three point method, five-spot etc., the present invention adopts one point method, and concrete flow measurement step and flow rate calculation process are see accompanying drawing 4.After system has connected and powered on, first open channel parameter (as water surface width, slope coefficient, roughness), the section number of partitions have been set in host computer interface
n, distance and this survey line depth of water at the bottom of flow velocity measuring point distance canal ratio
y/H.After the startup command that control system receives host computer and flow measurement parameter, first Pulse Width Control horizontal motor kinematic train is exported, horizontal slide plate is moved on section the 1st subregion perpendicular bisector, now level sensor has arrived its feature measuring point of specifying and has started to gather the water level information of this position, TT&C system according to collect water level information and
y/Hvalue can draw the distance of flow velocity measuring point distance at the bottom of canal
y, and export Pulse Width Control vertical direction motor transmission system, making the flow sensor be arranged on vertical slide move to distance at the bottom of distance canal is the feature point position of y, and carries out the collection of flow rate information.After the water level of the first subregion and flow velocity collection complete, TT&C system exports Pulse Width Control vertical direction motor transmission system, makes current meter be moved upward to the water surface, namely completes the information acquisition of the first subregion.After the water level of n subregion and flow rate information have all gathered, first TT&C system has used formula (3) or (4) to calculate the mean flow rate of corresponding vertical line
v max , then the mean flow rate of vertical line of will try to achieve
v max the average eguivalent flow velocity of each partition perpendicular bisector is tried to achieve according to formula (2)
v i , the flow value that can obtain section is finally calculated according to formula (1).
Claims (2)
1. an online canal capacity method for automatic measurement, method described in it adopts water level flow velocity method to realize canal capacity method for automatic measurement based on canal capacity self-operated measuring unit;
Described canal capacity method for automatic measurement arranges measurement parameter on host computer, section is subdivided into several subregions and automatic selected characteristic measuring point by microcontroller automatically, after the flow velocity recording section point and section water level, by the velocity distribution in section vertical line direction, point position, point velocity and water depth value calculate the mean flow rate of flow velocity point place vertical line, each subregion perpendicular bisector mean flow rate is obtained again according to the cross direction profiles rule of mean flow rate, the mean flow rate of each subregion is represented by subregion perpendicular bisector mean flow rate, sue for peace after trying to achieve the flow of each subregion, the total flow of section can be obtained,
Described canal capacity self-operated measuring unit is fixed with T-shaped slide plate (9) on the crossbeam of H type support (4), one end of first displacement leading screw (7) is connected with the first stepper motor (5), and horizontally rotate connection through the other end of one end of H type support (4), T-shaped slide plate (9) and H type support (4), first stepper motor (5) drives the first displacement leading screw (7) to rotate, and realizes the horizontal shift of T-shaped slide plate (9), the termination that the second stepper motor (6) is connected with the second displacement leading screw (8) is provided with in the side of T-shaped slide plate (9), second displacement leading screw (8) is provided with the second slide plate (10), bottom is connected with web joint (12), and in T-shaped slide plate (9), second slide plate (10) and web joint (12) are vertically installed with level sensor (3), at slide plate (10) while be vertically installed with current meter (2), second stepper motor (6) drives the second ball-screw (7) to rotate, realize the second slide plate (10) displacement vertically.
2. the method for claim 1, TT&C system described in it (1) receives the signal of current meter (2), level sensor (3), and the first stepper motor (5) and second stepper motor (6) of pulsed drive horizontal direction is exported according to channel structure and water level information, control the movement travel direction of corresponding displacement leading screw, make level sensor (3) and current meter (2) move to unique point respectively and carry out data acquisition; Microcontroller will measure water level information and flow rate information through calculating flow value, and water level information, flow rate information and flow information will be sent to host computer and carry out storing and monitoring in real time.
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CN113255030B (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2022-05-06 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Hydraulic optimal section design method for open channel with rectangular section |
CN113375733A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-09-10 | 水利部水土保持监测中心 | Open channel automatic flow measuring device based on flow cross section area measurement and flow measuring method thereof |
CN113959503A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2022-01-21 | 江苏禹治流域管理技术研究院有限公司 | Irrigated area water supply measurement data acquisition and management system |
CN113884070A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2022-01-04 | 华特数字科技有限公司 | Measurement method based on intelligent flow measurement robot |
CN113959380A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-21 | 水利部水土保持监测中心 | Open channel flow cross section area measuring device and measuring method based on section segmentation method |
CN114088144A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-02-25 | 四川大学 | Flow measuring method, system, equipment and storage medium for open channel |
CN114088144B (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2023-06-23 | 四川大学 | Flow measurement method, system, equipment and storage medium for open channel |
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Application publication date: 20150422 |