CN107475708B - 一种电致动铜基薄膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种电致动铜基薄膜及其制备方法,所述薄膜具有非对称结构,其中一侧为铜,一侧为氧化亚铜和还原氧化石墨烯rGO的复合物。制备:将氧化石墨GO分散液刮涂在处理后的铜箔表面,形成GO分散液薄层,然后进行氧化还原反应,再进行干燥,除去多余GO,即得。本发明的铜基薄膜能够对传导热、焦耳热和红外辐射等发生响应,产生机械形变并输出力。该发明在致动器领域有着重要的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于致动器材料及其制备领域,特别涉及一种电致动铜基薄膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
致动器是指在电、光和热等外场刺激下,能发生形变而产生机械响应,从而将电能、光能和热能等转化为机械能的执行装置。由于其在包括仿生机器人、人工肌肉以及电子皮肤等微电子机械系统中有广泛的应用,从而引起了越来越多的关注。目前为止,包括介电弹性体、液晶弹性体、离子聚合物金属复合以及一系列碳纳米致动材料被相继开发出来。
自然界上亿年的进化,使现有生物发展出各自特有的生存本领,例如,绝大数的动物肌肉组织、部分植物组织(含羞草、捕蝇草等)能在没有内置微机电装置的情况下对外界刺激做出变形致动响应。向自然学习,开发一系列可在电、光和热等外场驱动的智能致动材料,是实现机械微型化的重要途径之一。因此,致动材料作为一种新型的智能材料,以其独特的机械能转化方式在信息工程、生物工程以及人工智能等领域有着广泛的应用前景。
根据驱动机理的不同,致动材料可以分为电致动材料、热致动材料、化学致动材料、磁致动材料、微流体以及辐射致动材料等等。如果具体到材料种类,其主要包括压电致动材料、铁电致动材料、形状记忆高分子、介电性弹性体致动材料等。
然而,上述致动材料在对外界刺激发生响应时也存在一些问题,例如形变较小、响应速度较慢、循环稳定性较差、驱动电压过高等。究其原因,主要是上述致动材料本身的局限性以及结构设计的优化不够,因此亟需研制出一种新型高性能的致动材料。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种电致动铜基薄膜及其制备方法,本发明方法简便易行,制备的铜基薄膜具有优良的致动性能,能够对传导热、焦耳热和红外辐射等热刺激作出响应,产生机械形变并输出力。
一种电致动铜基薄膜,所述薄膜具有非对称结构,其中一侧为铜,一侧为氧化亚铜和还原氧化石墨烯rGO的复合物。
本发明的一种电致动铜基薄膜的制备方法,包括:
(1)铜箔作为基底,进行处理,得到处理后的铜箔;
(2)将氧化石墨GO分散在水中,然后调节pH,得到氧化石墨GO分散液;
(3)将步骤(2)的氧化石墨GO分散液刮涂在处理后的铜箔表面,形成GO分散液薄层,然后进行氧化还原反应,在铜箔表面形成一层氧化亚铜和rGO的复合物,再置于恒温干燥箱中进行干燥,多余的GO与铜箔发生自然分离,将其除去后,即得电致动铜基薄膜。
所述步骤(1)中铜箔的厚度为10~20μm。
所述步骤(1)中进行处理为:依次用稀盐酸、水、乙醇洗涤1~3次,去除其氧化层,然后氮气下干燥,干燥温度为20~30℃。
步骤(2)中采用透析的方法调节pH值。
所述步骤(2)中氧化石墨GO分散液的溶剂为去离子水,浓度为5~7mg/ml,pH值为5.5~6.5。
所述步骤(3)中GO分散液薄层的厚度为1.0~1.5mm。
所述步骤(3)中氧化还原反应为:所需环境的相对湿度为70%~80%,氧化还原反应的时间为12~36h,氧化还原反应的温度10~35℃。
所述步骤(3)中干燥温度为20~30℃,干燥时间为10~15h。
本发明所制备的铜基薄膜有热致动性能,主要原因是其具有非对称结构;薄膜一侧为铜,另一侧为氧化亚铜和rGO片层的复合物,由于两侧的热膨胀系数不同,使其能够在热刺激下发生机械形变并输出力;该铜基薄膜具有导电性,因此能利用通电产生焦耳热的方式致动;由于rGO片层的复合,该铜基薄膜具有较高的红外吸收能力,因此能利用红外辐射的方式致动;由于该铜基薄膜具有优良的导热性,因此在多种方式的热刺激下都能产生快速的致动行为;该铜基薄膜具有优良的致动性能,能够应用在微机电系统、远程控制、小型机器人等多个领域。
本发明提供了一种热致动铜基薄膜的制备方法,是通过刮涂的方法在铜箔表面形成一层GO分散液;利用GO的氧化性和铜的还原性,通过氧化还原反应在铜箔表面形成氧化亚铜和rGO的复合物;干燥后将多余的GO层去除,得到具有热致动性能的铜基薄膜。
本发明以铜箔为基底,依次用稀盐酸、水、乙醇对铜箔进行清洗,在氮气下干燥后待用;将氧化石墨(GO)分散至去离子水中,采用透析的方法调节其pH值;利用刮涂的方法在铜箔表面刮涂一层GO分散液,随后在一定湿度的环境中进行氧化还原反应;将铜箔放置于干燥箱中,一定时间后,多余的GO与铜箔发生自然分离,将其除去后,得到具有热致动性能的铜基薄膜;该薄膜具有非对称结构,其中一侧为铜,一侧为氧化亚铜和还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)的复合物。
有益效果
(1)本发明方法简便易行,对制备致动材料具有重要的价值;
(2)本发明所制备的铜基薄膜,响应速度快,稳定性高,能更好地满足致动的需求;
(3)本发明所制备的铜基薄膜,能够对传导热、焦耳热和红外辐射等多种热刺激方式产生响应,作出致动行为,因此可适用于多种应用场合;
(4)本发明所制备的铜基薄膜,能够在不同强度的热刺激下,作出不同程度的致动行为,可控性强。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中铜基薄膜的SEM图;其中,上层为氧化亚铜和rGO的复合物,下层为铜;
图2为实施例1中氧化亚铜和rGO复合物的FE-SEM图;其中,浅色的片状物为rGO片层,深色的块状物为氧化亚铜颗粒;
图3为实施例1中氧化亚铜和rGO复合物的高分辨XPS能谱;其中,峰(1)~(4)分别对应Cu-C键、Cu-Cu键、Cu-O键和Cu-OH键;
图4为实施例1中氧化亚铜和rGO复合物的拉曼图谱;其中,上方的线对应氧化亚铜和rGO复合物,下方的线对应本发明中所使用的GO;
图5为实施例1中铜基薄膜在红外辐射下产生致动行为的数码照片;其中a为关闭红外辐射,b为开启红外辐射;
图6为实施例2中铜基薄膜在水中通过热传导产生致动行为的数码照片;其中a为15℃水中,b为70℃水中;
图7为实施例3中铜基薄膜通过焦耳热产生致动行为的数据分析图,其中横坐标为施加在铜基薄膜上的电压,纵坐标为铜基薄膜相应的弯曲曲率。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
选用厚度为15μm的铜箔,依次用稀盐酸、水、乙醇对铜箔清洗2次,在25℃氮气下干燥后待用;将氧化石墨(GO)分散至去离子水中,GO分散液的浓度为6mg/ml,采用透析的方法调节其pH值至6;利用刮涂的方法在铜箔表面刮涂一层厚度为1.2mm的GO分散液,随后在相对湿度为75%的环境中进行氧化还原反应,反应时间为24h,反应温度为25℃;将铜箔放置于25℃的干燥箱中干燥12h,多余的GO与铜箔发生自然分离,将其除去后,得到具有热致动性能的铜基薄膜;该薄膜具有非对称结构,其中一侧为铜,一侧为氧化亚铜和还原氧化石墨(rGO)的复合物。
图1为该铜基薄膜的断面扫描电子显微镜图(SEM),图2为氧化亚铜和rGO复合物的FE-SEM图,图3为氧化亚铜和rGO复合物的X射线光电子能谱(XPS),图4为氧化亚铜和rGO复合物的拉曼图谱,图5为铜基薄膜在红外灯照射下产生致动行为的数码照片。
实施例2
选用厚度为10μm的铜箔,依次用稀盐酸、水、乙醇对铜箔清洗1次,在20℃氮气下干燥后待用;将氧化石墨(GO)分散至去离子水中,GO分散液的浓度为5mg/ml,采用透析的方法调节其pH值至6.5;利用刮涂的方法在铜箔表面刮涂一层厚度为1.0mm的GO分散液,随后在相对湿度为70%的环境中进行氧化还原反应,反应时间为12h,反应温度为35℃;将铜箔放置于20℃的干燥箱中干燥10h,多余的GO与铜箔发生自然分离,将其除去后,得到具有热致动性能的铜基薄膜;该薄膜具有非对称结构,其中一侧为铜,一侧为氧化亚铜和还原氧化石墨(rGO)的复合物。图6为铜基薄膜在水中通过热传导产生致动行为的数码照片。
实施例3
选用厚度为20μm的铜箔,依次用稀盐酸、水、乙醇对铜箔进行清洗,在30℃氮气下干燥后待用;将氧化石墨(GO)分散至去离子水中,GO分散液的浓度为7mg/ml,采用透析的方法调节其pH值至5.5;利用刮涂的方法在铜箔表面刮涂一层厚度为1.5mm的GO分散液,随后在相对湿度为80%的环境中进行氧化还原反应,反应时间为36h,反应温度为10℃;将铜箔放置于30℃的干燥箱中干燥15h,多余的GO与铜箔发生自然分离,将其除去后,得到具有热致动性能的铜基薄膜;该薄膜具有非对称结构,其中一侧为铜,一侧为氧化亚铜和还原氧化石墨(rGO)的复合物。图7为铜基薄膜通过焦耳热产生致动行为的数据分析图。
Claims (9)
1.一种电致动铜基薄膜,其特征在于:所述薄膜具有非对称结构,其中一侧为铜,一侧为氧化亚铜和还原氧化石墨烯rGO的复合物。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的电致动铜基薄膜的制备方法,包括:
(1)铜箔作为基底,进行处理,得到处理后的铜箔;
(2)将氧化石墨GO分散在水中,然后调节pH,得到氧化石墨GO分散液;
(3)将步骤(2)的氧化石墨GO分散液刮涂在处理后的铜箔表面,形成GO分散液薄层,然后进行氧化还原反应,再进行干燥,除去多余GO,即得电致动铜基薄膜。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种电致动铜基薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中铜箔的厚度为10~20μm。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种电致动铜基薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中进行处理为:依次用稀盐酸、水、乙醇洗涤1~3次,然后氮气下干燥,干燥温度为20~30℃。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种电致动铜基薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中采用透析的方法调节pH值。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种电致动铜基薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中氧化石墨GO分散液的溶剂为去离子水,浓度为5~7mg/ml,pH值为5.5~6.5。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种电致动铜基薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中GO分散液薄层的厚度为1.0~1.5mm。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种电致动铜基薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中氧化还原反应为:所需环境的相对湿度为70%~80%,氧化还原反应的时间为12~36h,氧化还原反应的温度10~35℃。
9.根据权利要求2所述的一种电致动铜基薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中干燥温度为20~30℃,干燥时间为10~15h。
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