CN107474237A - 一种通过三元复合催化剂合成聚醚多元醇的方法 - Google Patents
一种通过三元复合催化剂合成聚醚多元醇的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种通过三元复合催化剂合成聚醚多元醇的方法。该方法以多元醇为起始剂,采用特定的三元复合催化剂“氢氧化钾、乙醇钾和戊二酸锌”合成聚醚多元醇,提高了化学反应速率,增强了主产品的选择性,减少了未反应单体的含量,特别是对于降低聚醚多元醇产品中挥发性有机物的浓度起到了积极作用。本发明制备的聚醚多元醇,挥发性有机物含量低,产品质量稳定,使用性能良好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子化合物的制备方法,具体地说是一种通过三元复合催化剂合成聚醚多元醇的方法。
背景技术
聚醚多元醇在汽车工业中有着广泛应用,比如用于制造聚氨酯高回弹坐垫、方向盘及自结皮扶手等。随着人们环保意识的日益增强,聚氨酯制品存在的挥发性、高气味等问题已经成为限制其应用的重要因素。国家于2012年3月1日发布了乘用车内空气质量评价指南(GB/T 27630—2011),规定车内空气中甲醛、乙醛等挥发醛类物质的含量。从合成原料和工艺过程进行分析,聚醚多元醇产品的气味主要是未反应的氧化丙烯单体,低分子的醛类物质产生的。这不但影响了汽车内饰使用的舒适性,也对人体健康构成危害。因此,找出聚醚多元醇产生气味的原因并加以有效解决,就成为提升产品品质的关键。目前,国内研究人员和相关企业都在不断进行探索。如实用新型专利(申请号:201220436842.8)“汽提法除聚醚多元醇异味装置”,有减少聚醚多元醇气味的效果;发明专利(申请号:201410383509.9)“降低聚醚多元醇含量的方法”,通过加入过氧化氢氧化聚醚多元醇中的挥发性有机物达到改善聚氨酯制品气味的目的。青岛科技大学秦好辉等人报道了“过氧化氢减少聚醚多元醇中挥发性醛类物质的工艺研究”[当代化工,2015,44(1):49-50],他们认为所述工艺:(1)既可以显著去除聚醚多元醇挥发性醛类物质,同时又可以降低聚醚多元醇气味;(2)简单易行,成本低廉,无需设备改造既可以广泛应用于聚醚多元醇批量生产中。上述方法针对的都是对产品进行后处理以降低聚醚多元醇的气味。其中汽提法是物理过程,虽然工艺简单,但所需要的温度较高,能耗大;过氧化氢氧化过程是化学过程,虽然降低产品气味效果好,但控制反应条件相对苛刻。
发明内容
针对现有技术所存在的问题和不足,本发明的目的是提供一种通过三元复合催化剂合成聚醚多元醇的方法。该方法针对合成反应涉及的主要进程进行技术创新,提高了化学反应速率,增强主产品选择性,减少未反应单体的含量,从而解决聚醚多元醇产生气味的主要问题。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种通过三元复合催化剂合成聚醚多元醇的方法,其特征在于:该方法以多元醇为起始剂,采用三元复合催化剂合成聚醚多元醇,提高化学反应速率,增强主产品的选择性,减少未反应单体的含量,减轻聚醚多元醇产品后处理过程中脱去挥发性有机物的压力。
本发明中所述的三元复合催化剂为“氢氧化钾、乙醇钾和戊二酸锌”,其质量比为1:1:1~5:1:3,其用量为反应物料总质量的0.5~3%。所述的三元复合催化剂是根据反应诱导期、中期和后期等3个主要进程的差异,依“氢氧化钾、乙醇钾和戊二酸锌”顺序分批加入。应用三元复合催化剂合成聚醚多元醇的温度为80~110oC。
与现有技术相比,本发明制备的聚醚多元醇,挥发性有机物含量低,产品质量稳定,使用性能良好。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)以氢氧化钾、乙醇钾和戊二酸锌作复合催化剂,既能控制反应体系的碱度,又能调节聚合反应活性,达到减少副反应所引起的产品色泽和气味的目标。
(2)由于采用复合催化剂,一定程度上降低了聚合反应的温度,提高了主产品的选择性,降低了未反应单体的含量,能更好地满足聚氨酯材料生产的要求,应用于汽车工业环保效果好。
(3)通过控制三元复合催化剂的加入方式,不仅可以对聚合反应进行有效调控,而且对于控制聚合物分子量分布及产品色泽都具有重要作用。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种通通过三元复合催化剂合成聚醚多元醇的方法:
以多元醇作为起始剂,采用三元复合催化剂为“氢氧化钾、乙醇钾和戊二酸锌”,其质量比为1:1:1~2:1:1,用量为反应物料总质量的0.5%,以氢氧化钾、乙醇钾和戊二酸锌顺序分批加入。控制反应温度90oC合成聚醚多元醇产品。
附表1:传统方法合成聚醚与本实例聚醚中挥发性有机物含量比较
实施例2
一种通通过三元复合催化剂合成聚醚多元醇的方法:
以多元醇作为起始剂,采用三元复合催化剂为“氢氧化钾、乙醇钾和戊二酸锌”,其质量比为1:1:1~3:1:2,用量为反应物料总质量的1.5%,以氢氧化钾、乙醇钾和戊二酸锌顺序分批加入。控制反应温度100oC合成聚醚多元醇产品。
附表2:传统方法合成聚醚与本实例聚醚中挥发性有机物含量比较
。
Claims (4)
1.一种通过三元复合催化剂合成聚醚多元醇的方法,其特征在于:该方法以多元醇为起始剂,采用三元复合催化剂合成聚醚多元醇,提高化学反应速率,增强主产品的选择性,减少未反应单体的含量,减轻聚醚多元醇产品后处理过程中脱去挥发性有机物的压力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的通过三元复合催化剂合成聚醚多元醇的方法,其特征在于:三元复合催化剂为“氢氧化钾、乙醇钾和戊二酸锌”,其质量比为1:1:1~5:1:3,其用量为反应物料总质量的0.5~3%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的通过三元复合催化剂合成聚醚多元醇的方法,其特征在于:三元复合催化剂根据反应诱导期、中期和后期3个主要进程的差异,依“氢氧化钾、乙醇钾和戊二酸锌”顺序分批加入。
4.根据权利要求1所述的通过三元复合催化剂合成聚醚多元醇的方法,其特征在于:应用三元复合催化剂合成聚醚多元醇的温度为80~110oC。
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Citations (3)
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CN1133300A (zh) * | 1994-09-08 | 1996-10-16 | 阿克奥化学技术有限公司 | 高活性双金属氰化物催化剂 |
CN103554472A (zh) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-02-05 | 淄博德信联邦化学工业有限公司 | 不饱和度高活性聚醚多元醇的制备方法 |
CN105802185A (zh) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-07-27 | 单成敏 | 一种石墨烯改性阻燃多元醇制备方法 |
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Patent Citations (3)
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CN1133300A (zh) * | 1994-09-08 | 1996-10-16 | 阿克奥化学技术有限公司 | 高活性双金属氰化物催化剂 |
CN103554472A (zh) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-02-05 | 淄博德信联邦化学工业有限公司 | 不饱和度高活性聚醚多元醇的制备方法 |
CN105802185A (zh) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-07-27 | 单成敏 | 一种石墨烯改性阻燃多元醇制备方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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