CN107465374B - 一种以反电势作为状态的感应电机全阶自适应观测方法 - Google Patents

一种以反电势作为状态的感应电机全阶自适应观测方法 Download PDF

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CN107465374B
CN107465374B CN201710613961.3A CN201710613961A CN107465374B CN 107465374 B CN107465374 B CN 107465374B CN 201710613961 A CN201710613961 A CN 201710613961A CN 107465374 B CN107465374 B CN 107465374B
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黄进
陈嘉豪
叶明�
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/0003Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control
    • H02P21/0017Model reference adaptation, e.g. MRAS or MRAC, useful for control or parameter estimation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/13Observer control, e.g. using Luenberger observers or Kalman filters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/14Estimation or adaptation of machine parameters, e.g. flux, current or voltage
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/14Estimation or adaptation of machine parameters, e.g. flux, current or voltage
    • H02P21/18Estimation of position or speed
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/24Vector control not involving the use of rotor position or rotor speed sensors
    • H02P21/26Rotor flux based control
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
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Abstract

本发明公开一种以反电势作为状态的感应电机全阶自适应观测方法,其实现步骤为:首先,定义一组新的状态变量;其次,计算回归项和反馈校正项;然后,更新状态变量的值;最后,根据测量的电流计算观测误差对参数进行更新。本方法可以只需要测量电机电流,就可以对电机的定子电阻、转子电阻和转速进行辨识。

Description

一种以反电势作为状态的感应电机全阶自适应观测方法
技术领域
本发明公开一种以反电势作为状态的感应电机全阶自适应观测器,特别涉及一种以反电势作为状态的对定子电阻、转子电阻和转速进行自适应的感应电机全阶自适应观测器,属于电机参数辨识领域。
背景技术
笼型感应电机驱动系统中,无速度传感器控制常常采用全阶观测器来实现。传统的全阶观测器在设计多参数自适应律的时候会遇到一些理论上的困难,即在参数自适应律里会出现磁链的估计误差项,然而由于电机的磁链一般是难以测量的,相应的磁链估计误差也是未知的。如果舍去参数自适应律中的磁链估计误差,可以得到一个在电动工况下稳定的参数自适应律。但是,这样设计得到的参数自适应律并不能保证系统在全部工况下的稳定性,如电机的发电工况。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中的问题,本发明提供了一种以反电势作为状态的感应电机全阶自适应观测方法。该观测器只需要测量电机的电流即可更新待辨识参数,包括定子电阻、转子电阻和转速。为了在稳态运行时区分转子电阻和转速,需要在定子励磁电流中注入一个正弦波。辨识得到的转速可以用于无速度传感器控制,而对其他参数的辨识保证了转速辨识的准确性。
一种以反电势作为状态的感应电机全阶自适应观测方法,在感应电机转子磁场定向控制系统中,构造一种自适应观测器,以完成对电机定子电阻、转子电阻以及转速的辨识,其实现步骤如下:
(1)定义一组新的状态变量;
(2)计算回归项和反馈校正项;
(3)更新状态变量的值;
(4)根据测量的电流计算观测误差对参数进行更新;
(5)通过选择特定的设计参数,可以保证电机在发电状态下的稳定性;
所述步骤(1)包括如下步骤:
(1A)考虑基于反Γ等效电路的感应电机数学模型
Figure BDA0001360157330000021
其中,
Figure BDA0001360157330000022
是微分算子,Lσ是总漏电感,rs是定子电阻,rreq是等效转子电阻,Lμ是等效励磁电感,ω是转子电气角速度,us=[uαs,uβs]T是定子电压向量,is=[iαs,iβs]T是定子电流向量,ψμ=[ψαμβμ]T是等效转子磁链向量;
(1B)定义总漏磁磁链ψσ和反电势e为观测器的状态:
Figure BDA0001360157330000023
(1C)用新状态表示的电机模型为
Figure BDA0001360157330000024
所述步骤(2)包括如下步骤:
(2A)根据下式更新回归项
Figure BDA00013601573300000210
Figure BDA0001360157330000025
其中,c是待设计的系数,
Figure BDA0001360157330000026
这里的上标“^”代表观测值,比如
Figure BDA00013601573300000211
代表对e的观测值,式中出现的电流的导数pis采用近似值pis≈p0(is-y)代入,而y按下面的状态变量滤波器进行更新
Figure BDA0001360157330000027
其中,p0是待设计的滤波器系数,应远高于电流频率,本文中选为p0=800π;
(2B)计算下列反馈校正项vσ,vμ
Figure BDA0001360157330000028
其中,
Figure BDA0001360157330000029
是总漏磁磁链观测误差向量,这里的上标“~”代表误差值,比如转速误差
Figure BDA0001360157330000031
其他误差依次类推,k和k2是待设计的系数,上式中出现的
Figure BDA0001360157330000032
是待设计参数辨识误差的导数;
所述步骤(3)包括如下步骤:
(3A)根据下式更新对状态的观测值
Figure BDA0001360157330000033
Figure BDA0001360157330000034
所述步骤(4)包括如下步骤:
(4A)计算观测误差ε,
Figure BDA0001360157330000035
(4B)按下式更新对定子电阻、转子电阻、转速的辨识值
Figure BDA0001360157330000036
其中,上式同时还给出了参数辨识误差
Figure BDA0001360157330000037
的定义,γrsωrreq是待设计的系数;
所述步骤(5)包括如下步骤:
(5A)根据下式来选择待设计的各个系数
Figure BDA0001360157330000038
其中,α=rreq/Lμ是转子时间常数的倒数,
Figure BDA0001360157330000039
是控制器中给定的同步速。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明描述了一种以反电势作为状态的感应电机全阶自适应观测器。该观测器是一种新颖的全阶观测器,推导得到的参数自适应律在配以合适的系数设计后,可以保证电机无速度传感器控制在全工况下的稳定性。
附图说明
图1是实现本发明的间接转子磁场定向控制系统示意图;
图2是实现本发明的算法的实验验证图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实例对本发明作进一步的阐述。
参见图1,强电部分,三相交流电源经过不控整流得到直流母线电压Udc,供给电压源型逆变器,再得到供给感应电机的三相电源。
弱电部分,采用矢量控制方式,包含电压、电流传感器,3相/2相静止Clarke坐标变换模块,2相静止/2相同步速坐标变换模块,额定励磁电流和正弦波分量给定模块,本发明设计的观测器模块,参数自适应律模块,速度环PI模块,电流环PI模块,2相同步速/2相静止坐标变换模块,电压空间矢量脉宽调制模块。
1.由传感器测得三相感应电机的各相电流与电压,输入“3相/2相静止Clarke坐标变换模块”,得到定子电流is的分量iαs和iβs,定子电压us的分量uαs和uβs
2.在间接转子磁场定向控制中;
(2A)各电量被变换到MT系下,其M轴和转子磁链矢量对齐,T轴由M轴逆时针旋转90°电角度确定;
(2B)定子电流的T轴分量即为转矩电流,而M轴分量则为励磁电流;定子电流的M轴分量给定为电机的额定励磁电流。
3.在额定励磁电流的基础上,在励磁电流中还需要注入一个低频正弦波分量。本例的励磁电流
Figure BDA0001360157330000041
按下式确定
Figure BDA0001360157330000042
其中,rreq是等效转子电阻,Lμ是等效励磁电感。
4.在感应电机转子磁场定向控制系统中,构造一种自适应观测器,以完成对电机定子电阻、转子电阻以及转速的辨识,其实现步骤如下:
(1)定义一组新的状态变量;
(2)计算回归项和反馈校正项;
(3)更新状态变量的值;
(4)根据测量的电流计算观测误差对参数进行更新;
(5)通过选择特定的设计参数,可以保证电机在发电状态下的稳定性;
所述步骤(1)包括如下步骤:
(1A)考虑基于反Γ等效电路的感应电机数学模型
Figure BDA0001360157330000051
其中,
Figure BDA0001360157330000052
是微分算子,Lσ是总漏电感,rs是定子电阻,rreq是等效转子电阻,Lμ是等效励磁电感,ω是转子电气角速度,us=[uαs,uβs]T是定子电压向量,is=[iαs,iβs]T是定子电流向量,ψμ=[ψαμβμ]T是等效转子磁链向量;
(1B)定义总漏磁磁链ψσ和反电势e为观测器的状态:
Figure BDA0001360157330000053
(1C)用新状态表示的电机模型为
Figure BDA0001360157330000054
所述步骤(2)包括如下步骤:
(2A)根据下式更新回归项
Figure BDA0001360157330000059
Figure BDA0001360157330000055
其中,c是待设计的系数,
Figure BDA0001360157330000056
这里的上标“^”代表观测值,比如
Figure BDA00013601573300000510
代表对e的观测值,式中出现的电流的导数pis采用近似值pis≈p0(is-y)代入,而y按下面的状态变量滤波器进行更新
Figure BDA0001360157330000057
其中,p0是待设计的滤波器系数,应远高于电流频率,本文中选为p0=800π;
(2B)计算下列反馈校正项vσ,vμ
Figure BDA0001360157330000058
其中,
Figure BDA0001360157330000061
是总漏磁磁链观测误差向量,这里的上标“~”代表误差值,比如转速误差
Figure BDA0001360157330000062
其他误差依次类推,k和k2是待设计的系数,上式中出现的
Figure BDA0001360157330000063
是待设计参数辨识误差的导数;
所述步骤(3)包括如下步骤:
(3A)根据下式更新对状态的观测值
Figure BDA0001360157330000064
Figure BDA0001360157330000065
所述步骤(4)包括如下步骤:
(4A)计算观测误差ε,
Figure BDA0001360157330000066
(4B)按下式更新对定子电阻、转子电阻、转速的辨识值
Figure BDA0001360157330000067
其中,上式同时还给出了参数辨识误差
Figure BDA0001360157330000068
的定义,γrsωrreq是待设计的系数;
所述步骤(5)包括如下步骤:
(5A)根据下式来选择待设计的各个系数
Figure BDA0001360157330000069
其中,α=rreq/Lμ是转子时间常数的倒数,
Figure BDA00013601573300000610
是控制器中给定的同步速。
5.辨识所得的转速可以用于无速度传感器控制,转速环PI依据转速控制计算相应的电流给定。
6.电流PI环则根据电流控制误差来计算电压给定。
7.电压空间矢量脉宽调制模块以α轴电压uαs和β轴电压uβs作为输入,输出三相PWM给逆变器的门极,进而驱动电机。
8.相应的仿真结果如图2所示。电机以无速度传感器控制运行。一开始,电机给定转速为80rpm,在19秒处设置定子电阻和转子电阻为真值的50%,在69秒处设置定子电阻和转子电阻为真值的150%。本方法可以快速辨识定子电阻和转子电阻,从而保证了无速度传感器控制的准确性。

Claims (4)

1.一种以反电势作为状态的感应电机全阶自适应观测方法,其特征在于:
在感应电机转子磁场定向控制系统中,构造一种自适应观测器,以完成对电机定子电阻、转子电阻以及转速的辨识,其实现步骤如下:
(1)定义一组新的状态变量;
(2)计算回归项和反馈校正项;
(3)更新状态变量的值;
(4)根据测量的电流计算观测误差对参数进行更新;
(5)通过选择特定的设计参数,可以保证电机在发电状态下的稳定性;
所述步骤(1)包括如下步骤:
(1A)考虑基于反Γ等效电路的感应电机数学模型
Figure FDA0002273832240000011
其中,
Figure FDA0002273832240000012
是微分算子,Lσ是总漏电感,rs是定子电阻,rreq是等效转子电阻,Lμ是等效励磁电感,ω是转子电气角速度,us=[uαs,uβs]T是定子电压向量,is=[iαs,iβs]T是定子电流向量,ψμ=[ψαμβμ]T是等效转子磁链向量,
Figure FDA0002273832240000013
(1B)定义总漏磁磁链ψσ和反电势e为观测器的状态:
Figure FDA0002273832240000014
(1C)用新状态表示的电机模型为
Figure FDA0002273832240000015
所述步骤(2)包括如下步骤:
(2A)根据下式更新回归项w,
Figure FDA0002273832240000016
φ
Figure FDA0002273832240000017
其中,c是待设计的系数,这里的上标“^”代表观测值,
Figure FDA0002273832240000021
代表对e的观测值,式中出现的电流的导数pis采用近似值pis≈p0(is-y)代入,而y按下面的状态变量滤波器进行更新
Figure FDA0002273832240000022
其中,p0是待设计的滤波器系数,应远高于电流频率,p0=800π;
(2B)计算下列反馈校正项vσ,vμ
vσ=kε
Figure FDA0002273832240000023
其中,
Figure FDA0002273832240000024
是总漏磁磁链观测误差向量,这里的上标“~”代表误差值,转速误差
Figure FDA0002273832240000025
其他误差依次类推,k和k2是待设计的系数,上式中出现的
Figure FDA0002273832240000026
是待设计参数辨识误差的导数。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)包括如下步骤:
(3A)根据下式更新对状态的观测值
Figure FDA0002273832240000027
Figure FDA0002273832240000028
vσ,vμ为反馈校正项。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)包括如下步骤:
(4A)计算观测误差ε,
Figure FDA0002273832240000029
(4B)按下式更新对定子电阻、转子电阻、转速的辨识值
Figure FDA00022738322400000210
Figure FDA00022738322400000211
Figure FDA00022738322400000212
其中,上式同时还给出了参数辨识误差
Figure FDA00022738322400000213
的定义,
γrsωrreq是待设计的系数。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)包括如下步骤:
(5A)根据下式来选择待设计的各个系数
Figure FDA0002273832240000031
其中,α=rreq/Lμ是转子时间常数的倒数,
Figure FDA0002273832240000032
是控制器中给定的同步速。
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