CN107456773B

CN107456773B - Toad venom rapid decompression drying room and drying method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN107456773B
Application number: CN201710878194.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨鸣泽; 缪珠雷; 缪细泉
Original assignee: Yangyitang Toad Farm In Haimen District
Current assignee: Yangyitang Toad Farm In Haimen District
Priority date: 2017-09-26
Filing date: 2017-09-26
Publication date: 2023-03-10
Anticipated expiration: 2037-09-26
Also published as: CN107456773A

Abstract

The invention discloses a toad venom rapid decompression drying room which comprises a drying room body, a room door and a square round pipe, wherein the room door is hinged to the wall of the drying room body, the drying room body is in a cubic shape, a double-channel cloth bag is arranged on the ground of the drying room body, an air inlet of the double-channel cloth bag is fixedly connected with the round opening of the square round pipe, a fan heater is arranged at the square opening of the square round pipe, two exhaust fans I and two exhaust fans II are symmetrically arranged on the walls of the two sides of the drying room body, the exhaust fans I are connected with a horizontally arranged straight pipe through exhaust pipes, the exhaust fans II are connected with a T-shaped pipe through the exhaust pipes, and at least one goods shelf is arranged below the exhaust pipes, between the channels of the double-channel cloth bag and between the double-channel cloth bag and the wall close to the fan heater. The decompression drying room disclosed by the invention is reasonable in structure, convenient to erect, environment-friendly, safe and easy to operate and control, and the toad venom fresh pulp placed on the shelf is subjected to fast decompression drying through the matching of the double-channel cloth bag, the pipeline and the exhaust fan, so that the production efficiency and quality of the toad venom are ensured.

Description

Toad venom rapid decompression drying room and drying method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a drying room, in particular to a toad venom rapid decompression drying room and a drying method thereof.

Background

Animal descriptions corresponding to venenum bufonis in 1995 edition "Chinese pharmacopoeia": the animal sources of the toad venom include Asia toads, flower toads and other animals, and the toads can be collected at present, but the part of the toads is small, the toads are rare in the commodity, and the toads are mainly from Chinese toads. Description of toad venom in "chinese pharmacopoeia" of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 editions: the product is the dried secretion of Bufo siccus family, such as Bufo siccus sinensis or Bufo melanostictus schneider, which is captured in summer and autumn, washed, squeezed to obtain white serous fluid of retroauricular gland and skin gland (named as Bufo siccus serous fluid), processed, and dried. The toad venom is one of 28 varieties of poisonous hemp Chinese medicines issued by State academy of affairs and needing special management, is also one of (secondary) wild animal and plant medicinal material varieties which are important to be protected in China, and has double attributes of toxicity and secondary endangered animal medicinal materials.

In recent years, the country continuously encourages farmers to artificially domesticate and breed toads, and thousands of toad breeding bases for artificial domestication and breeding exist nationwide, however, the common consensus of the industry is that the death rate is high from tadpoles to juvenile toads, juvenile toads to adult toads in the toad breeding process, and the problem is not overcome at present. Therefore, the acquisition of the toad protoplasm is mostly carried out by depending on field toads catching, and the acquired toads are returned to the nature, thereby being beneficial to animal protection and ecological balance maintenance. The method is limited by wild toad venom resources, and the reasonable utilization of the existing toad venom resources must be considered.

According to the traditional toad serous fluid collection technology, after being wrapped by oil paper, the toad retroauricular gland is extruded by hands, so that serous fluid flows out and is stuck on the oil paper, and the toad serous fluid is taken down after being dried, although the yield is low, the impurities and the moisture are less, and the quality is high; the method is convenient, quick and high in yield, as the price of the toad venom is higher and higher, a pulper soaks the metal clamp together with the toad raw stock in the clamp in clear water under the drive of benefits, the moisture in the toad raw stock is increased, even the subjective and deliberate doping behaviors of some bad vendors and even the raw stock is purchased from different places and sold to a production place, and in addition, the phenomena that the pulper does not process, sells the raw stock and the processor directly processes the raw stock exist in the processes of toad raw stock collection and commercial toad venom processing. In addition, toad blood, water, amino acids, proteins and other substances contained in the serum are a culture medium for growth of mold, and the serum is easily mildewed under the condition of proper water content, and the impurities (skin fragments, silt, plant fragments and the like) mixed in the serum can cause the deterioration phenomena such as mildewing, putrefaction and the like.

Influence of Yuan Xuan Jiang, shenjia Yin, wu Yan hong on quality of Bufonis venenum in origin [ J ] of 12 samples disclosed in J.Chinese journal of Experimental prescriptions, 2010, 16 (4): 75, the content of only 2 samples reached the requirement of "Chinese pharmacopoeia"; content of indole alkaloid and bufogenin components in toad medicinal materials [ J ] in 11 samples disclosed in China Chinese medicine journal, 2012, 37 (20): 3086, wherein only 5 samples meet the requirement of Chinese pharmacopoeia; in the 17-inch medicinal material market in China, qualified commercial toads are difficult to buy, the quantitative requirements on the properties of the toads, the total content of resibufogenin and cinobufagin are started in the 2000 edition of Chinese pharmacopoeia, and the detailed description is as follows: the product is in the form of oblate lump or tablet, and the total amount of resibufogenin and cinobufagin should not be less than 6%; the 2010 version of Chinese pharmacopoeia begins to have quantitative requirements on the moisture content of the toad venom, and the detailed description is as follows: the water content is not over 13 percent. If the mixing is not uniform in time, impurities are filtered and dried, except in winter, the total amount of the characters (especially oblate lumps) and water, lipobufogenin and cinobufagin of the toad venom hardly reaches the standard of Chinese pharmacopoeia, the quality of a toad venom finished product is influenced, and the storage, the storage and the transportation of the toad venom are not facilitated.

The conventional drying method mainly comprises indoor natural drying and open fire heating and drying of coal and the like, wherein the time of the drying is long, the uniformity of the temperature and humidity of the drying in the whole room is not good, and the open fire combustion of the coal and the like is not environment-friendly and safe.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a toad venom rapid decompression drying room and a drying method thereof, so as to rapidly dry slurry and effectively improve the quality of a toad venom finished product.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

toad venom drying room that reduces pressure fast, including the drying room body, door and square pipe, the door articulates on the wall of the drying room body, the drying room body is the cube form, and be equipped with the binary channels sack on its terrace, the air intake of binary channels sack and the round mouth fixed connection of square pipe, the square mouth department of square pipe is equipped with the electric fan heater, the symmetry is equipped with two exhaust fan I and two exhaust fan II on the wall of drying room body both sides, exhaust fan I is connected with the straight tube that the level set up through the blast pipe, open at the top of straight tube and bottom has a plurality of through-holes, exhaust fan II is connected with the T type pipe through the blast pipe, the horizontal part and the straight tube of T type pipe align, vertical part is parallel with the blast pipe, open at the top of blast pipe has a plurality of through-holes, the below of blast pipe, be equipped with at least one goods shelves between the passageway of binary channels sack and between the wall that binary channels sack and electric fan heater are close to, open at the top and the bottom of T type pipe has a plurality of through-hole except just part of goods shelves, the both ends of straight tube and the both ends of T type pipe vertical part are through the end cap, exhaust fan I and fan II pass through the control box are fixed on the wall of the drying room body.

Furthermore, the terrace of the drying room body is also provided with refrigeration equipment, and the refrigeration equipment is controlled by the control box.

Furthermore, the diameter of the channel of the double-channel cloth bag is gradually decreased from the air inlet to the tail.

Furthermore, the diameters of the straight pipe, the T-shaped pipe and the exhaust pipe are 250-300mm, and the distance between the straight pipe, the T-shaped pipe and the exhaust pipe and the top surface of the top of the drying house body is 150-300mm.

Furthermore, the aperture of the through holes on the straight pipe is gradually decreased along the wind direction, the distance is gradually increased along the wind direction, the aperture of the through holes on the horizontal part of the T-shaped pipe is gradually decreased along the wind direction, the distance is gradually increased along the wind direction, the aperture of the through holes on the vertical part of the T-shaped pipe is gradually decreased along the wind direction, the distance is gradually increased along the wind direction, and the aperture of the through holes on the exhaust pipe is gradually decreased along the wind direction, and the distance is gradually increased along the wind direction.

Furthermore, the walls, the ceiling and the floor of the drying house body are filled with heat insulation cotton.

The method for drying by using the toad venom rapid decompression drying room comprises the following steps:

(1) Uniformly coating the toad slurry on a plastic plate with the thickness of 0.3-0.5mm, wherein the coating thickness of the toad slurry is 4-12mm, then placing the plastic plate on a tray, and placing the tray on a shelf in a drying room;

(2) Starting a warm air blower, adjusting the temperature of the warm air blower to be 20-75 ℃, the power of the warm air blower to be 6-22Kw and the voltage of the warm air blower to be 380V, simultaneously starting four exhaust fans to dry the toad slurry into toad venom in a negative pressure environment, and enabling each exhaust fan to work in a mode of starting for 1-2 minutes and stopping for 8-9 minutes;

(3) When the water content of the dried toad venom reaches 10-12.9%, turning off the warm air blower and each exhaust fan, starting the refrigeration equipment, and reducing the temperature in the drying room to be below the outdoor temperature;

(4) Peeling Bufonis venenum from plastic plate, packaging in aluminum foil composite bag, radiation sterilizing, and storing in warehouse at 0 + -18 deg.C.

Preferably, the temperature of the heater unit in the step (2) is adjusted to 40 ℃.

Preferably, the thickness of toad slurry applied in step (1) is 4-8mm.

The invention has the advantages that: the decompression drying room disclosed by the invention is reasonable in structure, convenient to set up, environment-friendly, safe and easy to operate and control, and the toad slurry placed on the shelf is subjected to fast decompression drying through the matching of the double-channel cloth bag, the pipeline and the exhaust fan, so that the components of resibufogenin and cinobufagin can be reserved to the greatest extent, the production efficiency and quality of toad venom are ensured, and the decompression drying room has remarkable practicability.

Drawings

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the pipeline and the two-channel cloth bag in the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the shelves in the present invention.

The drying room comprises a drying room body 1, a control box 2, a goods shelf 3, a goods shelf 4, a warm air blower 41, a square round pipe 5, a double-channel cloth bag 6, a through hole 7, a room door 8, a refrigerating device 9, an exhaust fan I, an exhaust fan 91, an exhaust fan II, a straight pipe 10, a T-shaped pipe 11, a T-shaped pipe 12, a plug 13 and an exhaust pipe.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the toad venom drying room with rapid decompression comprises a drying room body 1, a door 7 and a square pipe 41, wherein the door 7 is hinged on the wall of the drying room body 1, the drying room body 1 is in a cube shape, a two-channel cloth bag 5 is arranged on the terrace, the air inlet of the two-channel cloth bag 5 is fixedly connected with the round opening of the square pipe 41, the square opening of the square pipe 41 is provided with a fan heater 4, the fan heater 4 is at a certain distance from the wall, so that the air in the drying room body 1 can be continuously and circularly heated, the drying time is shortened, two exhaust fans I9 and two exhaust fans II91 are symmetrically arranged on the walls at the two sides of the drying room body 1, the exhaust fans I9 are connected with a horizontally arranged straight pipe 10 through an exhaust pipe 13, and a plurality of through holes 6 are arranged at the top and the bottom of the straight pipe 10, exhaust fan II91 is connected with T type pipe 11 through blast pipe 13, the horizontal part and the straight tube 10 of T type pipe 11 align, the vertical part is parallel with blast pipe 13, open at the top of blast pipe 13 has a plurality of through-holes 6, the below of blast pipe 13, be equipped with at least one goods shelves 3 between the passageway of binary channels sack 5 and between binary channels sack 5 and the wall that is close to electric fan heater 4, a plastic sheet for placing and scribbling the toad thick liquid, the top and the bottom of T type pipe 11 are opened a plurality of through-holes 6 except just to the part of goods shelves 3 outward, make the toad not influenced and the fracture by the air current, the both ends of straight tube 10 and the both ends of T type pipe 11 vertical part are sealed through end cap 12, electric fan heater 4, exhaust fan I9 and exhaust fan II91 pass through control box 2 control, control box 2 fixes on the wall of dry house body 1.

The diameters of the straight pipe 10, the T-shaped pipe 11 and the exhaust pipe 13 are 250-300mm, the distance between the straight pipe 10, the T-shaped pipe 11 and the top surface of the drying house body 1 is 150-300mm, the aperture of the through hole 6 on the straight pipe 10 is gradually decreased in the wind direction, the distance is gradually increased in the wind direction, the aperture of the through hole 6 on the horizontal part of the T-shaped pipe 11 is gradually decreased in the wind direction, the distance is gradually increased in the wind direction, the aperture of the through hole 6 on the vertical part of the T-shaped pipe 11 is gradually decreased in the wind direction, the distance is gradually increased in the wind direction, and the aperture of the through hole 6 on the exhaust pipe 13 is gradually decreased in the wind direction, and the distance is gradually increased in the wind direction.

A refrigeration device 8 is also arranged on the terrace of the drying room body 1, and the refrigeration device 8 is also controlled by the control box 2; the wall, the ceiling and the floor of the drying house body 1 are filled with heat insulation cotton, so that the heat insulation performance of the drying house body 1 is improved, and meanwhile, the energy consumption is reduced.

The method for drying the toad venom by using the rapid decompression drying room comprises the following steps:

(1) Uniformly coating the toad slurry on a plastic plate with the thickness of 0.3-0.5mm, wherein the coating thickness of the toad slurry is 4-12mm (preferably 4-8 mm), placing the plastic plate on a tray, and placing the tray on a shelf 3 in a dry room body 1;

(2) Starting the warm air blower 4, adjusting the temperature of the warm air blower to be 20-75 ℃ (preferably 40 ℃), the power of the warm air blower to be 6-22Kw (preferably 18-22 Kw) and the voltage of the warm air blower to be 380V, simultaneously starting four exhaust fans to dry the toad slurry into toad venom in a negative pressure environment, enabling each exhaust fan to work in a mode of starting for 1-2 minutes and stopping for 8-9 minutes, keeping the indoor overall humidity and temperature matched, and achieving the purpose of reducing the complexity of manual operation by installing a circulation control time relay in the control box 2; the diameter of the channel of the double-channel cloth bag 5 is gradually decreased from the air inlet to the tail, so that the consistency of the temperature in the drying room body 1 in the whole space is ensured;

(3) When the water content of the dried toad venom reaches 10-12.9%, the warm air blower 4 and each exhaust fan are turned off, the refrigeration equipment 8 is started, the temperature in the drying room body 1 is reduced to be lower than the outdoor temperature, the water content of the toad venom can be ensured to be the minimum difference, the toad venom can be more easily peeled from the plastic plate, and the double-channel cloth bag 5 can be folded into the square pipe 41 before peeling, so that an operator can walk;

(4) The venenum Bufonis is easily peeled off under the elastic action of plastic plate, packaged in aluminum foil composite bag, and stored in warehouse at 0 + -18 deg.C after radiation sterilization.

When the water content of the toad venom is lower than 10% due to overlong drying time, starting any 1-2 of the four exhaust fans to uniformly introduce the water in the outdoor air into the drying room body 1, and closing the four exhaust fans when the water content of the toad venom reaches 10-12.9% again, so that the toad venom can be peeled off, and the quality of the toad venom is ensured.

The determination of the moisture content (%) of the toad venom in three drying conditions of indoor air-drying, drying at 40 ℃ and reduced-pressure drying at 40 ℃ in the present invention is shown in the following table 1:

table 1;

the determination of resibufogenin content (%) in the three dry cases is shown in table 2 below:

table 2;

the determination of cinobufagin content (%) in the three dry cases is shown in table 3 below:

table 3;

the determination of the total contents (%) of resibufogenin and cinobufagin in the three dry cases is shown in table 4 below:

table 4.

Therefore, the moisture content of the dried mixture is faster than the falling speed of indoor drying for 10 days at 40 ℃ and drying for 5 days at 40 ℃ after decompression drying for 24 hours; after being dried for 10 days indoors, dried for 5 days at 40 ℃ and dried for 24 hours at 40 ℃ under reduced pressure, the water content can meet the requirement, but the efficiency of drying for 24 hours at 40 ℃ under reduced pressure is obviously higher than that of drying indoors and drying at 40 ℃.

The three drying methods can make the contents of resibufogenin and cinobufagin in the toad venom show a general decreasing trend along with the prolonging of the drying time. The cinobufagin and the lipobufogenin have different components, and when three drying methods of indoor air drying, drying at 40 ℃ and reduced pressure drying at 40 ℃ are adopted, the corresponding content shows the change of firstly rising and then falling along with the extension of the drying time, which shows that the lipobufogenin and the cinobufagin components can be hydrolyzed into other products in the process of drying the toad serous fluid into the toad venom.

Meanwhile, the total content of resibufogenin and cinobufagin in the toad venom obtained by the three drying methods is more than 6.0 percent and reaches the regulation of Chinese pharmacopoeia, and under the condition of the same water content, the total content of the resibufogenin and the cinobufagin is 40 ℃ reduced pressure drying and 40 ℃ drying and indoor air drying, and the difference is that the original material of processors and researchers is not good.

The method comprehensively considers the contents of the resibufogenin and cinobufagin, the cost, the difficulty in operation and other factors, has a particularly remarkable drying effect on the toad serum with quite large water content by adopting the reduced-pressure drying room, can effectively reduce the contact time of the toad serum with air in the drying process, and reduces the loss of the resibufogenin and the cinobufagin in the air due to oxidation.

Claims

1. The quick decompression drying room of venenum bufonis, its characterized in that: including the drying room body, door and square pipe, the door articulates on the wall of the drying room body, the drying room body is the cube form, and is equipped with the binary channels sack on its terrace, the air intake of binary channels sack and the round mouth fixed connection of square pipe, the square mouth department of square pipe is equipped with the electric fan heater, the symmetry is equipped with two exhaust fan I and two exhaust fan II on the wall of drying room body both sides, exhaust fan I is connected with the straight tube that the level set up through the blast pipe, open the top and the bottom of straight tube has a plurality of through-holes, exhaust fan II is connected with T type pipe through the blast pipe, the horizontal part and the straight tube alignment of T type pipe, portion and blast pipe are parallel, open at the top of blast pipe has a plurality of through-holes, be equipped with at least one goods shelves between the below of blast pipe, the passageway of sack and between the binary channels sack and the wall that are close to the electric fan heater, open at the top and the bottom of T type pipe has a plurality of through-holes except just right part, the both ends of the perpendicular portion of T type pipe and the both ends of the T type pipe pass through and seal the perpendicular portion of air intake, room door I and air fan II pass through control box, control box fixes on the drying room body the wall of drying room body through the refrigeration equipment control box and still pass through the diameter of perpendicular pipe gradually the perpendicular pipe, the tail portion of the cooling equipment control box.

2. The venenum bufonis rapid decompression drying room of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the diameters of the straight pipe, the T-shaped pipe and the exhaust pipe are 250-300mm, and the distance between the straight pipe, the T-shaped pipe and the exhaust pipe and the top surface of the top of the drying house body is 150-300mm.

3. The rapid decompression drying room for toad venom according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the hole diameters of the through holes in the straight pipe are gradually decreased in the wind direction, the intervals are gradually increased in the wind direction, the hole diameters of the through holes in the horizontal part of the T-shaped pipe are gradually decreased in the wind direction, the intervals are gradually increased in the wind direction, the hole diameters of the through holes in the vertical part of the T-shaped pipe are gradually decreased in the wind direction, the intervals are gradually increased in the wind direction, and the hole diameters of the through holes in the exhaust pipe are gradually decreased in the wind direction, and the intervals are gradually increased in the wind direction.

4. The venenum bufonis rapid decompression drying room of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the wall, the ceiling and the terrace of the dry house body are filled with heat insulation cotton.

5. The method for drying by using the rapid decompression drying room for toad venom according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the drying method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

(2) Starting a warm air blower, adjusting the temperature to be 20-75 ℃, the power to be 6-22kW and the voltage to be 380V, simultaneously starting four exhaust fans to dry the toad slurry into toad venom in a negative pressure environment, and starting each exhaust fan for 1-2 minutes and stopping the operation for 8-9 minutes;

6. Drying method according to claim 5, characterized in that: and (3) adjusting the temperature of the warm air blower in the step (2) to be 40 ℃.

7. Drying method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the coating thickness of the toad slurry in the step (1) is 4-8mm.