CN107447516A - 一种苎麻纤维的改性方法 - Google Patents

一种苎麻纤维的改性方法 Download PDF

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CN107447516A
CN107447516A CN201710607028.5A CN201710607028A CN107447516A CN 107447516 A CN107447516 A CN 107447516A CN 201710607028 A CN201710607028 A CN 201710607028A CN 107447516 A CN107447516 A CN 107447516A
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宁晓晖
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XIAMEN SHENGFANG BIO-TECH Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种苎麻纤维的改性方法,包括如下步骤:步骤1,将棉籽壳灰、稻草灰和氢氧化钠按重量比10:(5‑8):(1‑2)配比,加入三者总重量10‑15倍的水中,煮沸,制得改性溶液;步骤2,将苎麻纤维加入所述改性溶液中,完全浸没,蒸煮2‑4h;步骤3,将苎麻纤维从所述改性溶液中取出,用清水清洗干净,并自然风干。与现有技术相比,本发明的方法改变了苎麻纤维的结晶度和取向度等特性,一定程度上消除了苎麻纤维与人体接触时的刺痒感,同时又不会破坏苎麻纤维独特的纤维孔腔结构以及纤维中间的沟状空腔,从而可保持苎麻纤维天然的抗菌抑菌、除臭吸附、吸湿透气、防霉耐磨等特性。

Description

一种苎麻纤维的改性方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种苎麻纤维的改性方法。
背景技术
苎麻纤维吸湿透气性是棉纤维的3-5倍左右,具有抑菌、透气、凉爽、防腐、防霉、吸汗等功能,但由于苎麻纤维大分子结晶度和取向度高,纤维外表平直、粗硬、无卷曲,导致苎麻纤维可纺性差,其织物易起皱起毛,与皮肤接触会导致皮肤刺痒。
为了改善苎麻纤维的可纺性等缺陷,国内外进行了大量的研究,如碱改性法、磺化法、烷基化法等等,这些方法一定程度上可提高苎麻纤维的拉伸断裂强度、纤维的染色性能、勾结强度等性能,但是也导致苎麻纤维内部特殊的超细微孔结构以及其含有的抗菌成分遭到一定程度的破坏,从而影响苎麻纤维的抗菌抑菌、除臭吸附、吸湿透气等性能。
发明内容
本发明即在于克服现有技术的缺点,提供一种既可改善苎麻纤维可纺性又可保持乃至提升其天然的抗菌抑菌、除臭吸附、吸湿透气等性能的苎麻纤维的改性方法。
本发明采用如下的技术方案:
一种苎麻纤维的改性方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1,将棉籽壳灰、稻草灰和氢氧化钠按重量比10:(5-8):(1-2)配比,加入三者总重量10-15倍的水中,煮沸,制得改性溶液;
步骤2,将苎麻纤维加入所述改性溶液中,完全浸没,蒸煮2-4h;
步骤3,将苎麻纤维从所述改性溶液中取出,用清水清洗干净,并自然风干。
优选地,所述棉籽壳灰、稻草灰和氢氧化钠三者的重量比为10:6:1.5,加入的水为三者总重量的12倍。
优选地,所述步骤2中,所述苎麻纤维在所述改性溶液中蒸煮3h。
优选地,在所述步骤1和步骤2之间还包括步骤1-1,首先将苎麻纤维放入2-3MPa的充满氮气的密闭空间内,然后在30-50s内放气,回到常压状态。
优选地,所述步骤1-1中,将苎麻纤维放入2.5MPa的充满氮气的密闭空间内,然后在40s内放气,回到常压状态。
与现有技术相比,本发明的一种苎麻纤维的改性方法通过本发明配置的特殊的改性溶液对苎麻纤维进行改性,改变了苎麻纤维的结晶度和取向度等特性,一定程度上消除了苎麻纤维与人体接触时的刺痒感,可有效改善苎麻纤维的细度、断裂伸长率和柔软度等性能,同时又不会破坏苎麻纤维独特的纤维孔腔结构以及纤维中间的沟状空腔,从而可保持苎麻纤维天然的抗菌抑菌、除臭吸附、吸湿透气、防霉耐磨等特性。
而将苎麻纤维在充满高压氮气的密闭空间中进行突然放气处理后,改性溶液对苎麻纤维的改性效果更佳。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进一步说明。
实施例一
一种苎麻纤维的改性方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1,将棉籽壳灰、稻草灰和氢氧化钠按重量比10:6:1.5进行配比,加入三者总重量12倍的水,煮沸,制得改性溶液;
步骤2,将苎麻纤维加入所述改性溶液中,完全浸没,蒸煮3h;
步骤3,将苎麻纤维从所述改性溶液中取出,用清水清洗干净,并自然风干。
实施例二
步骤1,将棉籽壳灰、稻草灰和氢氧化钠按重量比10:6:1.5进行配比,加入三者总重量12倍的水,煮沸,制得改性溶液;
步骤1-1,将苎麻纤维放入2.5MPa的充满氮气的密闭空间内,然后在40s内放气,回到常压状态;
步骤2,将苎麻纤维加入所述改性溶液中,完全浸没,蒸煮3h;
步骤3,将苎麻纤维从所述改性溶液中取出,用清水清洗干净,并自然风干。
将实施例一和实施例二制得的改性苎麻纤维与原料苎麻纤维在同一测试条件下进行物理性能测试,如表一。
表一
细度/dtex 强度/cN·dtex-1 断裂伸长率/%
原料 9.60 4.858 2.33
实施例一 8.25 4.924 5.78
实施例二 7.93 5.055 6.02
从表一可以看出,经过实施例一的改性后,苎麻纤维的细度变细,强度略有增加,断裂伸长率大大提高;而经过实施例二的改性后,相对实施例一,苎麻纤维的细度进一步变细,强度进一步增加,断裂伸长率也进一步提高。
将实施例一和实施例二制得的改性苎麻纤维与原料苎麻纤维在同一测试条件下进行抗菌性能测试,测试方法为:
在灭菌后的500ml的烧瓶中分别加入对照样和测试样,对照样为不具有抗菌性的天然棉纤维,在每个烧瓶中加入150ml的0.02mol/L的PBS缓冲溶液,在每个烧瓶中均加入10ml的活菌浓度为5×105cfu/ml的接种菌悬液,在25±1℃、200r/min下振荡24h后,计算抑菌结果,见表二,抑菌率计算方式为(对照样-测试样)/对照样。
表二
从表二可以看出,通过本发明对苎麻纤维的改性,对其天然的抗菌性能基本没有影响。
将实施例一和实施例二制得的改性苎麻纤维与原料苎麻纤维在同一测试条件下进行除臭性能测试,测试方法为:将苎麻纤维50kg放入60m³的密闭空间内,充入40ppm的氨气,在12h后测试,如表三。
表三
氨气初始浓度/ppm 12h后氨气浓度/ppm
苎麻纤维原料 40 4.5
实施例一 40 4.7
实施例二 40 4.2
由表三可知,通过本发明对苎麻纤维的改性,对苎麻纤维天然的除臭、吸附性能基本没有影响,而且,经过实施例二的改性,还对苎麻纤维的除臭、吸附性能有所增强。
最后,本申请的方法仅为较佳的实施方案,并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种苎麻纤维的改性方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
步骤1,将棉籽壳灰、稻草灰和氢氧化钠按重量比10:(5-8):(1-2)配比,加入三者总重量10-15倍的水中,煮沸,制得改性溶液;
步骤2,将苎麻纤维加入所述改性溶液中,完全浸没,蒸煮2-4h;
步骤3,将苎麻纤维从所述改性溶液中取出,用清水清洗干净,并自然风干。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种苎麻纤维的改性方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1中,所述棉籽壳灰、稻草灰和氢氧化钠三者的重量比为10:6:1.5,加入的水为三者总重量的12倍。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种苎麻纤维的改性方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2中,所述苎麻纤维在所述改性溶液中蒸煮3h。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种苎麻纤维的改性方法,其特征在于:在所述步骤1和步骤2之间还包括步骤1-1,首先将苎麻纤维放入2-3MPa的充满氮气的密闭空间内,然后在30-50s内放气,回到常压状态。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种苎麻纤维的改性方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1-1中,将苎麻纤维放入2.5MPa的充满氮气的密闭空间内,然后在40s内放气,回到常压状态。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN109304903A (zh) * 2018-08-20 2019-02-05 福建凤竹纺织科技股份有限公司 一种抗皱抑菌面料及其制备方法
CN109304903B (zh) * 2018-08-20 2020-11-17 福建凤竹纺织科技股份有限公司 一种抗皱抑菌面料及其制备方法

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Application publication date: 20171208