CN107434375B - 油气井固井用增强型高密度韧性防窜水泥浆 - Google Patents
油气井固井用增强型高密度韧性防窜水泥浆 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种油气井固井用增强型高密度韧性防窜水泥浆,以100%水泥的重量为基准,由如下重量百分比的组份构成:硅砂22.5~24.0%,铁矿粉66.0~117.5%,增强剂8.9~11.9%,柔性防窜剂10.0~12.5%,增韧剂1~1.25%,分散剂2.0~2.5%,降滤失剂5.6~7.1%,缓凝剂2.0~2.5%,消泡剂0.2~0.25%,水54.2~64%。本发明提供的水泥浆具有良好的工程性能,使高密度水泥石具有了高抗压强度、低弹性模量和高抗拉强度的性能,有效改善了水泥石的力学性能,能够长期保持完整性和对地层中油气水的密封性能,有效防治“二次窜流”的发生。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种油气井固井用增强型高密度韧性防窜水泥浆,属于石油钻井工程领域。
背景技术
环空窜流,就是地层的流体在压差作用下通过窜流通道(水泥环本身或者环空二界面)由高压层流向低压层或者地面,导致油、气、水在地下层间互窜或井口冒油、气、水。环空窜流分为如下两种类型:(1)通过水泥环本身发生的环空窜流;(2)通过二界面发生的环空窜流。
环空存在的微环隙、微裂缝是引起窜流的根本原因。当套管受到高温高压作用时(如套管试压、酸化压裂以及注蒸汽等)将沿径向和轴向膨胀,使水泥环承受较大的应力,引起胶结面破坏出现微环隙或使水泥环产生径向破裂,从而使水泥环失去密封性。另外,普通水泥石在凝固过程中存在较大的收缩,总体积收缩率达到5.0%,可能造成水泥与套管或地层剥离,产生微间隙。
模拟研究表明,水泥环界面存在0.01mm的微间隙就可发生气窜。水泥石是一种多孔的脆性材料,普通水泥石的抗拉强度低(为抗压强度的1/8~1/12);弹性模量高(8~12GPa),抗冲击韧性差,尤其是高密度水泥石,由于水泥的组分少,其抗压强度、抗拉强度等力学性能更不及纯水泥。提高高密度水泥石的抗压强度和抗拉强度,降低弹性模量,赋予水泥石适当的膨胀量,可以有效减小井筒内压力变化对水泥环密封性能的破坏,提高水泥环的密封性能。
基于此,国内外已开发出相应的韧性水泥浆体系,如美国的Schlumberger公司开发了一种新型柔性水泥浆,根据CemCRETE为基础优化的固相颗粒分配原理,配合柔韧性颗粒及膨胀剂,杨氏模量可降至1380MPa。国内也有相关的韧性防窜水泥浆报道,如中油渤星公司、西南石油大学等科研院校,可将水泥浆的弹性模量降至6GPa以下。但目前所报道的韧性防窜水泥浆体系基本都是在获得较低的弹性模量和高韧性的同时降低了水泥浆的抗压强度,较低的抗压强度使水泥环在受压后出现一定程度的塑性变形,当管内压力降低时经常出现微环空,从而导致油气井“环空带压”的现象,很难保证固井水泥环后续作业高冲击载荷下的长期密封性能。此外,对于高压深井而言,常规密度韧性水泥浆显然已经无法固井施工的要求,开发相应的增强型高密度韧性防窜水泥浆很有必要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的上述问题,提供一种油气井固井用增强型高密度韧性防窜水泥浆。本发明提供的水泥浆具有良好的工程性能,密度2.10~2.40g/cm3可调,使高密度水泥石具有了高抗压强度、低弹性模量和高抗拉强度的性能,有效改善了水泥石的力学性能,能够长期保持完整性和对地层中油气水的密封性能,有效防治“二次窜流”的发生。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种油气井固井用增强型高密度韧性防窜水泥浆,其特征在于:以100%水泥的重量为基准,由如下重量百分比的组份构成:硅粉22.5~24.0%,铁矿粉66.0~117.5%,增强剂8.9~11.9%,柔性防窜剂10.0~12.5%,增韧剂1~1.25%,分散剂2.0~2.5%,降滤失剂5.6~7.1%,缓凝剂2.0~2.5%,消泡剂0.2~0.25%,水54.2~64%。
所述的增强剂为正球形超细硅质材料,粒径为1~14um,D(0.5)<2.5um,SiO2的质量百分含量为80~90%。
所述铁矿粉为密度5.05g/cm3或7.0g/cm3的固井用铁矿粉其中的一种。
所述的柔性防窜剂为丁苯胶乳粉、氧化镁和聚丙烯酰胺按质量比4:1:0.5混合而成。
所述的增韧剂为长度为1~3mm的聚丙烯纤维与长度为0.5~1mm的海泡石矿物纤维按质量比1:2混杂,经浓度为5-10%的氢氧化钠(NaOH)溶液与8-10%的十二烷基硫酸钠(C12H25SO4Na)溶液在温度50℃条件下搅拌浸泡1~2小时,在75℃~80℃条件下烘干达含水量小于5%所得产品。
所述分散剂为甲醛和丙酮缩合物CH2OHCH2COCH3。
所述降滤失剂为AMPS类聚合物油井水泥降滤失剂。
所述缓凝剂为有机膦酸盐或AMPS类聚合物油井水泥缓凝剂中的一种。
所述消泡剂为有机硅氧烷或聚氧丙烯聚醚改性硅中的一种。
采用本发明的优点在于:
一、本发明提供的水泥浆具有良好的工程性能,密度2.10~2.40g/cm3可调,流变性和稳定性良好,API滤失量小于50ml,稠化时间易于调节;增强剂为正球形超细硅质材料,具体微填充效应、火山灰效应和减水效应,具有明显降低基体水泥石的渗透率,提高水泥石的抗压强度的作用,水泥石1d抗压强度达到15MPa,7d抗压强度达到25MPa以上,胶凝强度发展快,水泥浆240Pa时基体渗透率低至2mD。
二、本发明柔性防窜剂中含有弹性和膨胀剂组分,均匀分布在水泥石内部,使水泥石的形变能力得以明显改善,增韧剂为多种不同尺寸的纤维材料,杂乱分布在水泥基体中达到增韧阻裂的效果,抑制水泥环产生裂缝,使水泥石线膨胀率大于0.05%,弹性模量小于5GPa,抗拉强度可达到2.50MPa以上,高密度水泥石具有了高抗压强度、低弹性模量和高抗拉强度的性能,有效改善了水泥石的力学性能,能够长期保持完整性和对地层中油气水的密封性能,有效防治“二次窜流”的发生。
具体实施方式
实施例1
称取500gG级油井水泥,330g铁矿粉,120g硅粉,50g增强剂,50g柔性防窜剂,10g分散剂,5g增韧剂,30g降滤失剂,10g缓凝剂,1g消泡剂,289g自来水。先将铁矿粉、硅粉、增强剂、柔性防窜剂、增韧剂和分散剂与水泥干混均匀,再将降滤失剂、缓凝剂和消泡剂加入自来水中混合均匀,按GB/T19139-2012标准制备成水泥浆。
实施例2
称取420gG级油井水泥,430g铁矿粉,100g硅粉,50g增强剂,50g柔性防窜剂,10g分散剂,5g增韧剂,30g降滤失剂,10g缓凝剂,1g消泡剂,269g自来水。先将铁矿粉、硅粉、增强剂、柔性防窜剂、增韧剂和分散剂与水泥干混均匀,再将降滤失剂、缓凝剂和消泡剂加入自来水中混合均匀,按GB/T19139-2012标准制备成水泥浆。
实施例3
称取450gG级油井水泥,400g铁矿粉,110g硅粉,40g增强剂,50g柔性防窜剂,10g分散剂,5g增韧剂,25g降滤失剂,10g缓凝剂,1g消泡剂,244g自来水。先将铁矿粉、硅粉、增强剂、柔性防窜剂、增韧剂和分散剂与水泥干混均匀,再将降滤失剂、缓凝剂和消泡剂加入自来水中混合均匀,按GB/T19139-2012标准制备成水泥浆。
实施例4
称取400gG级油井水泥,470g铁矿粉,90g硅粉,40g增强剂,50g柔性防窜剂,10g分散剂,5g增韧剂,25g降滤失剂,10g缓凝剂,1g消泡剂,234g自来水。先将铁矿粉、硅粉、增强剂、柔性防窜剂、增韧剂和分散剂与水泥干混均匀,再将降滤失剂、缓凝剂和消泡剂加入自来水中混合均匀,按GB/T19139-2012标准制备成水泥浆。
实验方法:按GB/T19139-2012标准制备水泥浆,评价密度,稠化时间,稳定性,流变性、滤失量、抗压强度和气体渗透率等性能。
水泥石弹性模量的测定:将水泥石制备成圆柱体试样,圆柱体直径为25mm,高度为50mm。采用三轴应力测试仪进行测定。
水泥石线膨胀量的测定:线性膨胀率按照JC/T 313-2009所述方法检测。
水泥石抗拉强度的测定:水泥石制备成圆柱体试样;圆柱体直径为25mm,高度为25mm。采用劈裂法对试样进行径向加载测定张裂抗拉强度。
表1 增强型高密度韧性防窜水泥浆工程性能测试结果(120℃)
表2 增强型高密度韧性防窜水泥石力学性能测试结果(120℃)
从表1、表2中可以看出,该高密度韧性防窜水泥浆密度2.10~2.40g/cm3可调,具有良好的工程性能,流变性和稳定性良好,API滤失量小于50ml,稠化时间易于调节,水泥石1d抗压强度大于15MPa,7d抗压强度达到25MPa以上,胶凝强度发展快,水泥浆240Pa时基体渗透率低至2mD,水泥石适量膨胀,有效防止固井候凝过程中发生气窜的风险;弹性模量小于5GPa,抗拉强度可达到2.50MPa以上,水泥石的抗冲击能力强,提高了水泥环的变形能力,使水泥环能够长期保持完整性和对地层中油气水的密封性能,有效防治“二次窜流”的发生。
实施例5
一种油气井固井用增强型高密度韧性防窜水泥浆,以100%水泥的重量为基准,由如下重量百分比的组份构成:硅粉22.5~24.0%,铁矿粉66.0~117.5%,增强剂8.9~11.9%,柔性防窜剂10.0~12.5%,增韧剂1~1.25%,分散剂2.0~2.5%,降滤失剂5.6~7.1%,缓凝剂2.0~2.5%,消泡剂0.2~0.25%,水54.2~64%。
本实施例中,所述的增强剂为正球形超细硅质材料,粒径为1~14um,D(0.5)<2.5um,SiO2的质量百分含量为80~90%。
本实施例中,所述铁矿粉为密度5.05g/cm3或7.0g/cm3的固井用铁矿粉其中的一种。
本实施例中,所述的柔性防窜剂为丁苯胶乳粉、氧化镁和聚丙烯酰胺按质量比4:1:0.5混合而成。
本实施例中,所述的增韧剂为长度为1~3mm的聚丙烯纤维与长度为0.5~1mm的海泡石矿物纤维按质量比1:2混杂,经浓度为5-10%的氢氧化钠(NaOH)溶液与8-10%的十二烷基硫酸钠(C12H25SO4Na)溶液在温度50℃条件下搅拌浸泡1~2小时,在75℃~80℃条件下烘干达含水量小于5%所得产品。
本实施例中,所述分散剂为甲醛和丙酮缩合物CH2OHCH2COCH3。
本实施例中, 所述降滤失剂为AMPS类聚合物油井水泥降滤失剂。即AMPS、丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸三元共聚类的油井水泥降滤失剂,为现有降滤失剂。
本实施例中,所述缓凝剂为有机膦酸盐或AMPS类聚合物油井水泥缓凝剂中的一种。
本实施例中,所述消泡剂为有机硅氧烷或聚氧丙烯聚醚改性硅中的一种。
Claims (6)
1.一种油气井固井用增强型高密度韧性防窜水泥浆,其特征在于:以100%水泥的重量为基准,由如下重量百分比的组份构成:硅粉22.5~24.0%,铁矿粉66.0~117.5%,增强剂8.9~11.9%,柔性防窜剂10.0~12.5%,增韧剂1~1.25%,分散剂2.0~2.5%,降滤失剂5.6~7.1%,缓凝剂2.0~2.5%,消泡剂0.2~0.25%,水54.2~64%;
增强剂为正球形超细硅质材料,粒径为1~14um,D(0.5)<2.5um,SiO2的质量百分含量为80~90%;
柔性防窜剂为丁苯胶乳粉、氧化镁和聚丙烯酰胺按质量比4:1:0.5混合而成;
增韧剂为长度为1~3mm的聚丙烯纤维与长度为0.5~1mm的海泡石矿物纤维按质量比1:2混杂,经浓度为5-10%的氢氧化钠(NaOH)溶液与8-10%的十二烷基硫酸钠(C12H25SO4Na)溶液在温度50℃条件下搅拌浸泡1~2小时,在75℃~80℃条件下烘干达含水量小于5%所得产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的油气井固井用增强型高密度韧性防窜水泥浆,其特征在于:所述铁矿粉为密度5.05g/cm3或7.0g/cm3的固井用铁矿粉其中的一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的油气井固井用增强型高密度韧性防窜水泥浆,其特征在于:所述分散剂为甲醛和丙酮缩合物CH2OHCH2COCH3。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的油气井固井用增强型高密度韧性防窜水泥浆,其特征在于:所述降滤失剂为AMPS类聚合物油井水泥降滤失剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的油气井固井用增强型高密度韧性防窜水泥浆,其特征在于:所述缓凝剂为有机膦酸盐或AMPS类聚合物油井水泥缓凝剂中的一种。
6.根据权利要求5所述的油气井固井用增强型高密度韧性防窜水泥浆,其特征在于:所述消泡剂为有机硅氧烷或聚氧丙烯聚醚改性硅中的一种。
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