CN107421877A - Simulate the concrete durability experiment apparatus and method of stray electrical current and tunnel air environment - Google Patents
Simulate the concrete durability experiment apparatus and method of stray electrical current and tunnel air environment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of concrete durability experiment apparatus and method for simulating stray electrical current and tunnel air environment, described experimental rig includes liquid environment room, gaseous environment room, test electrode pair, gaseous state sensor, gaseous environment adjustment unit and controller, wherein, gaseous environment room is arranged above liquid environment room, correspondence position is provided with the opening for just installing concrete test block between the two, test(ing) liquid is housed in liquid environment room, gaseous state sensor and gas ambient conditioning unit are arranged in gaseous environment room, and it is connected with controller, test electrode pair is respectively placed in liquid environment room and concrete test block top, and it is connected to by wire on controller.Compared with prior art, the present invention can be in simulation concrete with the presence of stray electrical current, and by the situation of the air ambient effect such as the complicated wind speed in tunnel, temperature, humidity, gas concentration lwevel, each parameter can separately adjustable, coordinative role, the authenticity of environmental simulation is strong etc..
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of concrete durability experiment apparatus and method, more particularly, to one kind simulation stray electrical current with
The concrete durability experiment apparatus and method of tunnel air environment.
Background technology
When there is train to pass through in subway tunnel, the leakage of stray electrical current is easily produced：Electric current not from rail return current, but
It is leaked in railway roadbed concrete from rail, and is revealed by tunnel lining concrete into the soil body or underground water.And subway tunnel
In concrete Service Environment it is more special：Concrete side contacts with underground water or the aqueous soil body, erosion carbon dioxide therein
(sulfate ion, chlorion, magnesium ion) is the generation of stray electrical current, the ion erosion of concrete provides primary condition；Coagulation
Native opposite side and tunnel internal air contact, the wind speed hair when the temperature of air, humidity, gas concentration lwevel and train pass through
During changing, certain destruction can be produced to concrete, or formation to stray electrical current and the erosion of concrete play plus
Fastoperation.Under so complicated gaseous environment, concrete durability failure mechanism has certain particularity, if with traditional
Durability test method is tested, it is difficult to is drawn true and reliable result of the test, may is that engineer applied buries certain peace
Full hidden danger.
Traditional stray electrical current simulation test device mainly has two classes：Distribution of the one kind for simulation stray electrical current in soil
The device of situation, the another kind of device for corrosion situations of metal material such as the lower pipelines of simulation stray electrical current effect.This two class fills
Put and only considered electric current and two kinds of conditions of soil environment in the design process, do not consider the simulation of complicated air ambient in tunnel
Method.Meanwhile the equipment such as existing constant temperature and humidity machine, carbonization case, one or two kinds of air parameters can only be controlled, can not
The simulation of complex parameters is realized, more can not simulation tunnel stray electrical current, concrete the one side actual environment such as near water.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide one kind simulates stray electrical current
With the concrete durability experiment apparatus and method of tunnel air environment.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of concrete durability experiment device for simulating stray electrical current and tunnel air environment, including liquid environment room,
Gaseous environment room, test electrode pair, gaseous state sensor, gaseous environment adjustment unit and controller, wherein, the Ring
Border room is arranged above liquid environment room, and correspondence position is provided with the opening for just installing concrete test block between the two, and causes
During test, the bottom of concrete test block is placed in liquid environment room, and top is in gaseous environment room, in the liquid environment room
Equipped with test(ing) liquid, described gaseous state sensor and gas ambient conditioning unit are arranged in gaseous environment room, and with institute
Controller connection is stated, one of them of described test electrode pair is placed in liquid environment room, and another is embedded into concrete examination
Block stretches into the top of gaseous environment room, and the test electrode pair is also connected on controller by wire respectively.
As preferred embodiment, described gaseous environment adjustment unit includes being arranged in gaseous environment chamber interior walls
Air inlet, cool-down dehumidification machine, fan, resistance wire and humidifier, and for adjusting testing gas concentration, wind in gaseous environment room
Fast environment and humiture, the air inlet also pass through the outside gas cylinder equipped with test gas of pipeline connection.In the present invention, test
Gas is mainly carbon dioxide, in each regulating member, general filling arbon dioxide gas in gas cylinder, to adjust in gaseous environment room
Gas concentration lwevel, other gases can also be filled as needed；Cool-down dehumidification machine (compressor) is divided into interior machine and outer machine, can
To realize two kinds of cooling, dehumidifying functions to gaseous environment room；Resistance wire can improve gaseous environment indoor temperature；Humidifier can be with
Improve the humidity in gaseous environment room；Fan can apply different wind speed to the surface of concrete test block 24.
As preferred embodiment, the centre of described concrete test block be cased with making its top and bottom respectively with gas
Environmental chamber and the sealing ring of liquid environment room sealing.
As above-mentioned preferred embodiment it is further preferred that using tight between described liquid environment room and gas environmental chamber
Fixing bolt tightens fixation, and ensures that sealing is realized in sealing ring compression.
As preferred embodiment, the side wall upper part of described liquid environment room is also equipped with liquid level observation window.
As preferred embodiment, described liquid environment room upper end is additionally provided with vent valve, in liquid environment indoor
Barometric pressure switch is also equipped with wall, the barometric pressure switch also feedback link controls the vent valve.Barometric pressure switch can be surveyed
Air pressure in test solution body environmental chamber, and vent valve deflation is automatically controlled when air pressure is too high, also it is manually operable vent valve progress
Deflate, the gas for preventing from generating in stray electrical current simulation process makes liquid environment room pressure too high, produces potential safety hazard；Liquid level
Observation window is made up of transparent materials such as lucite, the liquid level in observable liquid environment room portion.
As preferred embodiment, described liquid environment indoor location has Height Adjustable support, the coagulation
Native test block by Stent Implantation in liquid environment room, and by bracket adjustment height, and then adjust concrete test block be in liquid
Dimension scale in body environmental chamber and gas environmental chamber.
As above-mentioned preferred embodiment it is further preferred that described support and liquid environment room are using corrosion-resistant and exhausted
The plastic material of edge, or the metal material by erosion resisting insulation processing.
Using the test method of simulation stray electrical current and the concrete durability experiment device of tunnel air environment, including with
Lower step：
(a) according to required size formation of concrete test block, and will test in the advance Transducers Embedded in Concrete test block of electrode；
(b) test(ing) liquid is added into liquid environment room, then loads toward liquid environment room and gas environmental chamber interior sealing and mixes
Native test block is coagulated, it is fixed；
(c) by parameter setting needed for the experiment including electric current, wind speed, temperature, humidity and testing gas concentration in controller
On, start and start to test, collect the durability data of concrete test block.
The gaseous state sensor of the present invention can monitor temperature, humidity, gas concentration lwevel of gaseous environment chamber interior etc.
Index, and reflect on the controller；Controller can input air parameter needed for experiment, and by controlling fan, gas cylinder, pressure
Contract mechanical, electrical resistance silk, the working condition of humidifier, makes in gaseous environment room each parameter area in wind speed 0-20 meter per seconds, temperature 0-
100 DEG C, humidity 10-100%, a certain in the range of gas concentration lwevel 0.03-100% specify lower steady operation, or in control
State parameter unidirectional or cyclically-varying in respective range.Controller can also control the different electric current way of outputs, and simulation is not
The stray electrical current of the form such as same voltage strength, size of current and direction, current forms direct current or alternating current.
The present invention test electrode pair can use graphite electrode, with study the durability of concrete substrate or
Reinforcing bar electrode, to study the durability of the corrosion of reinforcing bar and reinforced concrete structure.
The experimental rig of the present invention can simulate different stray electrical current forms, temperature, humidity, wind speed, dense carbon dioxide simultaneously
The air ambients such as degree, the complex environment feature of concrete one side near water, parameters can separately adjustable, Collaboration, it is especially suitable
For the concrete durability simulated test under the like environments such as subway tunnel.The device is easy to use, stable, can be long-term
It is coherent to use, and the concertedness between each parameter module is good, automaticity is high, without operation bidirectional in running, saves
Human cost.
Compared with prior art, the concrete durability of simulation stray electrical current proposed by the present invention and tunnel air environment tries
Experiment device, stray electrical current presence, tunnel internal different temperatures, humidity, gas concentration lwevel, the air of wind speed can be simulated simultaneously
The complicated environmental condition collective effect such as environment, concrete one-side contact underground water is in the process of concrete.Wherein, stray electrical current is big
The parameters such as small, direction, form, in air ambient the parameter such as temperature, humidity, gas concentration lwevel, wind speed can with separately adjustable,
And can be realized and acted synergistically according to the needs of simulated environment, the long-time simulation of a single state can be both realized, can also be realized
The periodicity simulation of complex state.Device is easy to use, multiple functional, and result of the test is reliable, has good promotion prospect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the experimental rig of the present invention；
In figure, 1 is liquid environment room, and 2 be the first test electrode, and 3 be the second test electrode, and 4 be support, and 5-7 is wire,
8 be sealing-plug, and 9 be liquid level observation window, and 10 be vent valve, and 11 be barometric pressure switch, and 12 be sealing ring, and 13 be fastening bolt, 14
It is environmental chamber operation lid for gaseous environment room, 15,16 be fan, and 17 be gas cylinder, and 18 be air inlet, and 19 be compressor, and 20 be electricity
Silk is hindered, 21 be humidifier, and 22 be gaseous state sensor, and 23 be controller, and 24 be concrete test block, and 25 be pipeline, and 26 be examination
Test liquid.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of concrete durability experiment device for simulating stray electrical current and tunnel air environment, its structure as shown in figure 1,
Including liquid environment room 1, gaseous environment room 14, test electrode pair, gaseous state sensor 22, gaseous environment adjustment unit and control
Device 23 processed.
Gaseous environment room 14 is arranged at the top of liquid environment room 1, and correspondence position is provided with and just installs concrete between the two
The opening of test block 24, and make it that the bottom of concrete test block 24 is placed in liquid environment room 1 by support 4, at top when testing
In gaseous environment room 14, liquid environment room 1 built with test(ing) liquid 26, the centre of concrete test block 24 be cased with making its top and
The sealing ring 12 that bottom seals with gaseous environment room 14 and liquid environment room 1 respectively, when concrete test block 24 loads liquid environment
When in room 1 and gas environmental chamber 14, fixed liquid environmental chamber 1 and gas environmental chamber 14 are tightened by fastening bolt 13 so that close
The compression of seal 12, and then realize sealing of the concrete test block 24 in opening.Support 4 is installed in liquid environment room 1, mixed
Coagulate native test block 24 to be placed in liquid environment room 1 by support 4, and height is adjusted by support 4, and then adjust concrete test block
24 dimension scale in liquid environment room 1 and gas environmental chamber 14.The top of gaseous environment room 14 is additionally provided with environmental chamber operation
Lid 15.
Gaseous state sensor 22 and gas ambient conditioning unit are arranged in gaseous environment room 14, and are connected with controller 23
Connect, wherein, gaseous state sensor 22 is connected by wire 7 with controller 23, and gaseous environment adjustment unit includes being arranged on gas
Air inlet 18, cool-down dehumidification machine, fan 16, resistance wire 20 and humidifier 21 on the inwall of body environmental chamber 14, and for adjusting gas
Testing gas concentration, wind speed environments and humiture in body environmental chamber 14, air inlet 18 also connect outside dress by pipeline 25
There is the gas cylinder 17 of test gas.In the present invention, test gas is mainly carbon dioxide, general in gas cylinder 17 in each regulating member
Filling arbon dioxide gas, to adjust the gas concentration lwevel in gaseous environment room 14, other gas can also be filled as needed
Body；Cool-down dehumidification machine (compressor 19) is divided into interior machine and outer machine, and two kinds of cooling, dehumidifying work(can be realized to gaseous environment room 14
Energy；Resistance wire 20 can improve temperature in gaseous environment room 14；Humidifier 21 can improve the humidity in gaseous environment room 14；Wind
Fan 16 can apply different wind speed to the surface of concrete test block 24.
One of them (the i.e. first test electrode 2) for testing electrode pair is placed in liquid environment room 1, and (second surveys for another
Examination electrode 3) top that concrete test block 24 stretches into gaseous environment room 14 is embedded into, test electrode pair also passes through wire 5,6 respectively
It is connected on controller 23.Wherein, the first test electrode 2 is passed through the sealing-plug 8 of the bottom of liquid environment room 1 by wire, and is connected
Controller 23.
The side wall upper part of liquid environment room 1 is also equipped with liquid level observation window 9.The upper end of liquid environment room 1 is additionally provided with vent valve
10, barometric pressure switch 11 is also equipped with the madial wall of liquid environment room 1, barometric pressure switch 11 goes back feedback link control vent valve
10.Barometric pressure switch 11 can be in test liquid environmental chamber 1 air pressure, and automatically control vent valve 10 when air pressure is too high and deflate,
Also it is manually operable vent valve 10 to be deflated, the gas for preventing from generating in stray electrical current simulation process makes in liquid environment room 1
Air pressure is too high, produces potential safety hazard；Liquid level observation window 99 is made up of transparent materials such as lucite, observable liquid environment room 1
The liquid level in portion.
Support 4 and liquid environment room 1 are to use corrosion-resistant and insulation plastic material, or by erosion resisting insulation processing
Metal material.
Embodiment 1
Diameter 10mm light round steel is embedded in test block according to the match ratio shaping C30 concrete test blocks 24 of table 1, during shaping
Muscle is as test electrode.At 20 DEG C ± 2 DEG C, humidity conserves to 60 the concrete test block 24 of forming in the fog room more than 95%
Its age.
The concrete test block 24 of table 1 is molded match ratio (unit：kg/m3Concrete)
| The cement of PO 42.5 | II level flyash | Water | Middle sand | Rubble |
| 220 | 90 | 180 | 690 | 1260 |
The height of support 4 is adjusted, concrete test block 24 is had half just in liquid environment room 1, half is in gaseous environment
In room 14.Appropriate 3% sodium chloride solution prepared in advance is injected into liquid environment room 1, concrete test block 24 is placed on branch
On frame 4, ensure that the solution inside liquid environment room 1 is almost filled it up with.Sealing ring 12 is enclosed on concrete test block 24, and by gas
Environmental chamber 14 (gaseous environment room 14 operates lid and stayed open with convenient to operate) is put well, is tightened fastening bolt 13, is made liquid environment room
1st, the sealing of gaseous environment room 14 is good, finally closes gaseous environment room 14 and operates lid.
Following parameter is set on controller 23：Left side binding post is positive pole, and right side binding post is negative pole, and direct current is defeated
Go out, constant voltage 20V；Constant wind speed is 15 meter per seconds；Constant temperature is 50 DEG C, moisture constant 20%；Gas concentration lwevel does not enter
Row control (remaining the carbon dioxide concentration in air).Startup power supply, that is, start simulated test.
Embodiment 2：
According to the operating method of embodiment 1, change electric current, wind speed, humiture, gas concentration lwevel, test(ing) liquid 26 etc.
Condition, MN-1 to MN-7 totally seven groups of experiments are carried out, simulated test time unification is arranged to 7 days, and the design parameter of every group of experiment is set
Put and be shown in Table 2.
The simulated test condition of table 2
After simulated test terminates, the durability of concrete test block 24 is evaluated using following several method：
Using diffusion depth of the silver nitrate development process test chlorion in concrete test block 24, operating method is：Will examination
Block is vertically splitted, and 0.1mol/L silver nitrate solution is sprayed on one of which section, and the chlorine of white is observed after 15min
Change silver precipitation generation position, test distance of the position apart from the lower surface of concrete test block 24, as chloride diffusion depth.With
The chloride diffusion depth average value of every group of two concrete test blocks 24 is as final testing result.
Using the carbonation depth of potentiometric titration method test concrete, operating method is：Concrete after above-mentioned split is tried
The section chip of block 24 is cleaned out, and in drop or the upper concentration of sprinkling is 1% phenolphthalein alcoholic solution, after 30s, tests colour developing position
Put the distance apart from the upper surface of concrete test block 24, as concrete carbonization depth.With the chlorine of every group of two concrete test blocks 24
Ion diffusion depth average value is as final testing result.
Using the compression strength of concrete crushing strength testing machine test test block, put down with the test result of every group of two test blocks
Average draws concrete test block 24 as compression strength value, divided by one group of intensity of concrete test block 24 for not carrying out simulated test
Intensity index after simulated test.
The test result of each group experiment is shown in Table 3.
The durability test result of 3 concrete test block of table 24
| Test number | Chloride diffusion depth (mm) | Carbonation depth (mm) | Intensity index (%) |
| MN-1 | 42 | <2 | 98.4 |
| MN-2 | 9 | <2 | 99.0 |
| MN-3 | 35 | <2 | 97.4 |
| MN-4 | 43 | 13 | 100.5 |
| MN-5 | 26 | <2 | 85.7 |
| MN-6 | 8 | <2 | 95.1 |
| MN-7 | 24 | <2 | 89.1 |
From the chloride diffusion depth of each group of table 3 test(ing) liquid 26, gas are can be seen that with intensity index test result
Evaporation conditionses (mainly including wind speed, temperature, humidity), electric current in environmental chamber 14 can all influence erosion carbon dioxide into concrete
The transmission in portion, influence the durability of concrete.Meanwhile gas concentration lwevel can also significantly affect the carbonation depth of concrete.
It can also be drawn from result of the test, independent regulation can be achieved in each test parameters that the present apparatus is controlled,
It will not produce and significantly influence each other, not interfere with the normal operation of experimental rig, being capable of simulated implementation stray electrical current well
With the simulation of concrete durability under tunnel air environment.
The above-mentioned description to embodiment is understood that for ease of those skilled in the art and using invention.
Person skilled in the art obviously can easily make various modifications to these embodiments, and described herein general
Principle is applied in other embodiment without by performing creative labour.Therefore, the invention is not restricted to above-described embodiment, ability
Field technique personnel do not depart from improvement that scope made and modification all should be the present invention's according to the announcement of the present invention
Within protection domain.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of concrete durability experiment device for simulating stray electrical current and tunnel air environment, it is characterised in that including liquid
Body environmental chamber (1), gaseous environment room (14), test electrode pair, gaseous state sensor (22), gaseous environment adjustment unit and control
Device (23) processed, wherein, the gaseous environment room (14) is arranged above liquid environment room (1), and correspondence position is provided between the two
When just installing the opening of concrete test block (24), and causing test, the bottom of concrete test block (24) is placed in liquid environment room
(1) in, top is in gaseous environment room (14), and the liquid environment room (1) is built with test(ing) liquid (26), described gas
State sensor (22) and gas ambient conditioning unit are arranged in gaseous environment room (14), and with the controller (23) even
Connect, one of them of described test electrode pair is placed in liquid environment room (1), and another is embedded into concrete test block (24) and stretched
Enter the top of gaseous environment room (14), the test electrode pair is also connected on controller (23) by wire respectively.
2. a kind of concrete durability experiment for simulating stray electrical current and tunnel air environment according to claim 1 fills
Put, it is characterised in that described gaseous environment adjustment unit includes the air inlet being arranged on gaseous environment room (14) inwall
(18), cool-down dehumidification machine, fan (16), resistance wire (20) and humidifier (21), and for adjusting in gaseous environment room (14)
Testing gas concentration, wind speed environments and humiture, the air inlet (18) are also outside equipped with test by pipeline (25) connection
The gas cylinder (17) of gas.
3. a kind of concrete durability experiment for simulating stray electrical current and tunnel air environment according to claim 1 fills
Put, it is characterised in that the centre of described concrete test block (24) be cased with making its top and bottom respectively with gaseous environment room
(14) and liquid environment room (1) sealing sealing ring (12).
4. a kind of concrete durability experiment for simulating stray electrical current and tunnel air environment according to claim 3 fills
Put, it is characterised in that tightened admittedly using fastening bolt (13) between described liquid environment room (1) and gas environmental chamber (14)
It is fixed, and ensure that sealing is realized in sealing ring (12) compression.
5. a kind of concrete durability experiment for simulating stray electrical current and tunnel air environment according to claim 1 fills
Put, it is characterised in that the side wall upper part of described liquid environment room (1) is also equipped with liquid level observation window (9).
6. a kind of concrete durability experiment for simulating stray electrical current and tunnel air environment according to claim 1 fills
Put, it is characterised in that described liquid environment room (1) upper end is additionally provided with vent valve (10), on liquid environment room (1) madial wall
Barometric pressure switch (11) is also equipped with, the barometric pressure switch (11) goes back feedback link and controls the vent valve (10).
7. a kind of concrete durability experiment for simulating stray electrical current and tunnel air environment according to claim 1 fills
Put, it is characterised in that Height Adjustable support (4), the concrete test block are installed in described liquid environment room (1)
(24) it is placed in by support (4) in liquid environment room (1), and height is adjusted by support (4), and then adjusts concrete test block
(24) dimension scale in liquid environment room (1) and gas environmental chamber (14).
8. a kind of concrete durability experiment for simulating stray electrical current and tunnel air environment according to claim 7 fills
Put, it is characterised in that described support (4) and liquid environment room (1) is using corrosion-resistant and insulation plastic materials, or process
The metal material of erosion resisting insulation processing.
9. using the concrete durability experiment of simulation stray electrical current and tunnel air environment as described in claim 1-8 is any
The test method of device, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(a) according to required size formation of concrete test block (24), and will test in the advance Transducers Embedded in Concrete test block (24) of electrode；
(b) test(ing) liquid (26) is added in liquid environment room (1), then it is interior toward liquid environment room (1) and gas environmental chamber (14)
Sealing loads concrete test block (24), fixed；
(c) by parameter setting needed for the experiment including electric current, wind speed, temperature, humidity and testing gas concentration in controller (23)
On, start and start to test, collect the durability data of concrete test block (24).
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| CN201710551440.XA CN107421877B (en) | 2017-07-07 | 2017-07-07 | Simulate the concrete durability experiment apparatus and method of stray electrical current and tunnel air environment |
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| CN107421877B CN107421877B (en) | 2019-10-18 |
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| CN109406376A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-03-01 | 国网浙江象山县供电有限公司 | The adaptive cable ageing test apparatus of temperature and humidity |
| CN109655398A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-04-19 | 长安大学 | A kind of device and measurement method for the corrosion of testing conductive concrete steel bridge panel |
| CN109855962A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-06-07 | 北京建工土木工程有限公司 | Buried concrete stray electrical current and cyclical impact loading pilot system and experimental method |
| CN110514530A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-11-29 | 安徽普瑞明精密机械有限公司 | A kind of casting iron well lid bearing capacity change rate monitoring method |
| CN111458249A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2020-07-28 | 上海城建物资有限公司 | Method for rapidly evaluating grindability of concrete |
| CN113310826A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-27 | 中南大学 | Experimental device and method for testing diffusion degree of chloride ions in concrete |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109211761A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2019-01-15 | 西安建筑科技大学 | The experimental rig and method that simulation metro stray current influences concrete durability |
| CN109406376A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-03-01 | 国网浙江象山县供电有限公司 | The adaptive cable ageing test apparatus of temperature and humidity |
| CN109406376B (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2023-12-12 | 国网浙江象山县供电有限公司 | Humiture self-adaptation cable ageing test device |
| CN109855962A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-06-07 | 北京建工土木工程有限公司 | Buried concrete stray electrical current and cyclical impact loading pilot system and experimental method |
| CN109855962B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2023-12-29 | 北京建工土木工程有限公司 | Underground concrete stray current and cyclic impact load test system and test method |
| CN111458249A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2020-07-28 | 上海城建物资有限公司 | Method for rapidly evaluating grindability of concrete |
| CN109655398A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-04-19 | 长安大学 | A kind of device and measurement method for the corrosion of testing conductive concrete steel bridge panel |
| CN109655398B (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2023-11-10 | 长安大学 | Device for testing corrosion of conductive concrete steel bridge deck and measuring method |
| CN110514530A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-11-29 | 安徽普瑞明精密机械有限公司 | A kind of casting iron well lid bearing capacity change rate monitoring method |
| CN113310826A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-27 | 中南大学 | Experimental device and method for testing diffusion degree of chloride ions in concrete |
| CN113310826B (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2023-12-05 | 中南大学 | Experimental device and method for testing diffusion degree of chloride ions in concrete |
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