CN107419287A - 一种多功能缓蚀剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
- C23G5/032—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing oxygen-containing compounds
- C23G5/036—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing oxygen-containing compounds having also nitrogen
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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Abstract
本发明涉及金属加工液领域，尤其涉及一种多功能缓蚀剂及其制备方法。本发明提供了一种多功能缓蚀剂，具体为：妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺磷酸酯、锂盐化合物、妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺硼酸酯、异构油酸酰胺和辅助添加剂；同时，还提供了制备上述多功能缓蚀剂的方法。该多功能缓蚀剂对铁、铝、铜及其合金均有优异的缓蚀作用，同时具有良好的极压润滑性，综合性能优越，解决了缓蚀剂性能单一的问题。既可直接稀释用于工业的切/磨削液中，也可作为切削液添加剂使用，制备方法操作简单、成本低，具有广阔的商业前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于金属加工液领域，尤其涉及一种多功能缓蚀剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
金属加工液是金属加工用的液体，主要起润滑、冷却、防锈和清洗等作用。随着金属加工液应用的快速发展和要求的提高，缓蚀剂日益受到金属加工行业的关注，性能单一的缓蚀剂已不能满足人们的追求，综合性能优越的多功能缓蚀剂成为金属加工液的新宠儿。目前市场上的缓蚀剂大多性能较单一，将其应用于金属加工液中时，往往需要与多种添加剂进行复配，成本高且对多种添加剂复配时费时费力。
因此，研发出一种可针对多种金属及其合金具有良好缓蚀和润滑性的多功能缓蚀剂成为了金属加工液领域亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明公开了一种多功能缓蚀剂及其制备方法能有效解决现有缓蚀剂功能单一的技术缺陷。
本发明还提供了一种多功能缓蚀剂，其特征在于，包括：妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺磷酸酯、锂盐化合物、妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺硼酸酯、异构油酸酰胺和辅助添加剂。
作为优选，所述的多功能缓蚀剂，包括：
更为优选，所述的多功能缓蚀剂，包括：
作为优选，所述辅助添加剂为钼酸钠、苯骈三氮唑和苯甲酸钠中的一种或多种。
作为优选，所述钼酸钠、所述苯骈三氮唑、所述苯甲酸钠的质量比为2:4:4。
作为优选，所述妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺硼酸酯结构如式Ⅰ所示，
式Ⅰ，所述R为C18-C24的烷基。
其中，所述妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺硼酸酯的R为直链烷基和/或支链烷基。
作为优选，妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺磷酸酯结构如式Ⅱ，或式Ⅲ所示，
式Ⅱ，所述R为C18-C24的烷基；或式Ⅲ，所述R为C18-C24 的烷基。
其中，所述妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺磷酸酯结构的R为直链烷基和/或支链烷基。
作为优选，所述异构油酸酰胺结构如式Ⅳ所示，
式Ⅳ。
作为优选，所述锂盐化合物结构如式Ⅴ或式Ⅵ所示
式Ⅴ，所述n为1～9的整数；或式Ⅵ，所述n为1～9的整数。
更为优选，所述锂盐化合物为十二烯基琥珀酸酐二乙醇酰胺锂盐。
其中，所述十二烯基琥珀酸酐二乙醇酰胺锂盐的结构式如式Ⅶ，或式Ⅷ所示，
式Ⅶ；或式Ⅷ。
本发明还公开了一种多功能缓蚀剂的制备方法，包括：
将妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺磷酸酯、锂盐化合物、妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺硼酸酯、异构油酸酰胺和辅助添加剂混合制备得到所述多功能缓蚀剂。
本发明还公开了所述的多功能缓蚀剂和所述的制备方法多功能缓蚀剂在金属加工液中的应用。
作为优选，所述金属为铁、铝、铜及其合金。
本发明的目的针对现有技术的缓蚀液性能单一的技术缺陷，因此，本发明公开的一种多功能缓蚀剂，包括：妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺磷酸酯、锂盐化合物、妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺硼酸酯、异构油酸酰胺和辅助添加剂，通过特定的化合物配合使用，产生了意想不到的技术效果，不仅对多种金属有优异的缓蚀效果，且具有一定的极压抗磨性，综合性能优越；本发明提供的多功能缓蚀剂制备方法简单，成本低。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。
图1示铸铁屑评判标准的参考图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种多功能缓蚀剂及其制备方法，用于解决现有技术中的技术缺陷。
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
其中，以下实施例所使用的妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺硼酸酯、十二烯基琥珀酸酐二乙醇酰胺锂盐和异构油酸酰胺均由广州德旭新材料有限公司生产，其中异构油酸酰胺型号为DX1639，妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺硼酸酯型号为DX6228，妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺磷酸酯购买自广州德旭贸易有限公司；其他试剂均购买自广州德旭贸易有限公司，其中，常规缓蚀剂硅酸钠(俗称的水玻璃)为市售。
实施例1
制备铁、铝、铜及其合金缓蚀剂的方法：
按多功能缓冲剂总体积计，依次加入质量百分比为9％的妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺磷酸酯、质量百分比为36％的十二烯基琥珀酸酐二乙醇酰胺锂盐、质量百分比为38％的妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺硼酸酯、质量百分比为16％的异构油酸酰胺、质量百分比为0.3％的苯骈三氮唑、质量百分比为0.5％的苯甲酸钠、质量百分比为0.2％的钼酸钠，用搅拌器充分搅拌至混合均匀，标记为实施例1。
实施例2
制备铁、铝、铜及其合金缓蚀剂的方法：
按多功能缓冲剂总体积计，依次加入质量百分比为7％的妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺磷酸酯、质量百分比为35％的十二烯基琥珀酸酐二乙醇酰胺锂盐、质量百分比为40％的妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺硼酸酯、质量百分比为17％的异构油酸酰胺、质量百分比为0.4％的苯骈三氮唑、质量百分比为0.4％的苯甲酸钠，质量百分比为0.2％的钼酸钠用搅拌器充分搅拌至混合均匀，标记为实施例2。
对比例1
制备铁、铝、铜及其合金缓蚀剂的方法：
按多功能缓冲剂总体积计，依次加入质量百分比为10％的妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺磷酸酯、质量百分比为25％的十二烯基琥珀酸酐二乙醇酰胺锂盐、质量百分比为47％的妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺硼酸酯、质量百分比为17％的异构油酸酰胺、质量百分比为0.4％的苯骈三氮唑、质量百分比为0.4％的苯甲酸钠、质量百分比为0.2％的钼酸钠，用搅拌器充分搅拌至混合均匀，标记为对比例 1。
实施例3
参考《GB6144-2010合成切削液》中腐蚀试验方法，测试实施例1、实施例2、对比例1和对比例2的铸铁、LY12铝、紫铜和黄铜H62的防锈和缓蚀性能。
1、配置工作液：分别将实施例1、实施例2、对比例1和对比例2(常规缓蚀剂硅酸钠)配置成0.5％的对应的工作液，其中工作液中溶质为实施例1、实施例2、对比例1和对比例2，溶剂为自来水；空白对比例为自来水。
2、将恒温箱设定为55℃，预热；
3、将金属试片取出后用无水乙醇将防锈油洗干净；
4、等金属试片干后，用400目砂纸打磨表面，使表面没有凹坑、划痕或锈迹；
5、将磨好的金属试片用脱脂棉在无水乙醇中清洗干净，用滤纸擦干；
6、将擦干的金属试片分别放入50ml烧杯中，要求步骤1中的工作液能浸没金属试片；
7、盖上培养皿，将烧杯放进已恒温在55±2℃的恒温箱中，并记录开始腐蚀的时间；
8、连续放置8h后取出金属试片，与试验前的金属试片进行对比；
9、评判标准：
表1铸铁、LY12铝、紫铜和黄铜的腐蚀标准
| 无锈、光泽如新 | A级 |
| 轻度变色 | B级 |
| 中度变色 | C级 |
| 严重变色 | D级 |
表1为铸铁片达到A级即为合格，LY12铝、紫铜和黄铜H62达到A或 B级即为合格。
试验结果如表2所示。
表2铸铁、LY12铝、紫铜、黄铜H62腐蚀试验结果
11、试验结论
空白对比例对铸铁片、LY12铝、紫铜、黄铜H62有腐蚀的条件下，实施例1和实施例2的水溶液对LY12铝、紫铜、黄铜H62、黄铜H70有优异的缓蚀效果，其中实施例2的缓蚀效果更佳，均能达到腐蚀试验的A级。其中，对比例1的锂盐化合物组分含量不在本发明范围内，其缓蚀效果明显劣于实施例1和实施例2。相对对比例2(硅酸钠)，本发明综合性能更强，应用范围更广。
实施例4
1、配制工作液：分别将实施例1、实施例2、对比例1和对比例2(硅酸钠)配置成1％的对应的工作液，其中工作液中溶质为实施例1、实施例2、对比例1和对比例2，溶剂为自来水；空白对比例为自来水。
2、试验步骤：取滤纸放入培养皿内，称取GG25铸铁屑2g±0.1g，散布于滤纸上，用滴管移取待测液2ml，使所有的铸铁屑润湿，盖上培养皿，18℃～28℃自然放置2小时，用自来水冲掉滤纸上的铸铁屑，滤纸在丙酮液中浸5 秒钟，室温(18℃～28℃)自然干燥，铸铁屑评判标准如表3所示。试验结果根据滤纸上锈斑的多少按0～4级评定；
表3 2h铸铁屑评判标准
3、试验结果，结果如表4所示。
表4 2h铸铁屑试验结果
4、试验结论
对比自来水2h铸铁屑试验结果说明，实施例1和实施例2均具有优异的防锈性。对比例1的锂盐化合物组分含量不在本发明范围内，其对铸铁屑的防锈性不及实施例1和2。对比例硅酸钠的防锈性也不及本发明的实施例1和实施例2。
实施例6
1、配制工作液：分别将实施例1、实施例2、对比例1和对比例2(硅酸钠)配置成3％的对应的工作液，其中工作液中溶质为实施例1、实施例2、对比例1和对比例2，溶剂为自来水。
2、试验步骤：1)打磨滚轮，插好电源，用粗细两种砂条打磨至光滑；2) 擦净机身，卡好杠杆，短臂上好钢珠并固定；3)将待测液倒入油盒，液面至凹处2mm；4)将油盒卡好，调整长短臂和油盒的位置；5)手扶短臂并开启电源，利用滚轮转速混合均匀待测液；6)放下短臂，调整长短臂使其卡好； 7)逐步添加砝码至滚轮位置卡死，迅速关掉电源；8)观察并记录：砝码数量、滚珠磨损程度、液体是否发烫、是否有刺激性气味、滚轮是否腐蚀、是否冒烟、是否有刺耳声音等数据和现象；9)重复步骤1-8，至少实验三次取平均数，必要时可做对比实验；10)擦净台面和仪器，填写实验报告并及时反馈。11)数据处理：共6个砝码，1个砝码重2kg，相当于20N.m
3、试验结果，结果如表5所示。
表5极压性测定试验结果
| 名称 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 |
| 可承载砝码数 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
4、试验结论：
对比硅酸钠极压性测试试验结果，实施例1、实施例2和对比例1均具有优异的极压性。实施例1的极压抗磨性最优。
综合腐蚀试验、2h铸铁屑试验和极压性测试试验的试验结论可知：本发明提供的铁、铝、铜及其合金缓蚀剂直接稀释成水溶液使用，不仅对多种金属有优异的缓蚀效果，且具有一定的极压抗磨性，综合性能优越。此外，本发明还可以添加到金属加工液体系中使用，在提高加工液性能的同时，降低了使用成本。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种多功能缓蚀剂，其特征在于，包括：妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺磷酸酯、锂盐化合物、妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺硼酸酯、异构油酸酰胺和辅助添加剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多功能缓蚀剂，其特征在于，包括：
3.根据权利要求1所述的多功能缓蚀剂，其特征在于，所述辅助添加剂为钼酸钠、苯骈三氮唑和苯甲酸钠中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多功能缓蚀剂，其特征在于，所述钼酸钠、所述苯骈三氮唑、所述苯甲酸钠的质量比为2:4:4。
5.根据权利要求1所述的多功能缓蚀剂，其特征在于，所述妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺硼酸酯结构如式Ⅰ所示
所述R为C18-C24的烷基。
6.根据权利要求1所述的多功能缓蚀剂，其特征在于，妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺磷酸酯结构如式Ⅱ或式Ⅲ所示；
所述R为C18-C24的烷基；或所述R为C18-C24的烷基。
7.根据权利要求1所述的多功能缓蚀剂，其特征在于，所述异构油酸酰胺结构如式Ⅳ所示
8.根据权利要求1所述的多功能缓蚀剂，其特征在于，所述锂盐化合物结构如式Ⅴ或式Ⅵ所示
所述n为1～9的整数；或所述n为1～9的整数。
9.一种多功能缓蚀剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：
将妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺磷酸酯、锂盐化合物、妥尔油酸二乙醇酰胺硼酸酯、异构油酸酰胺和辅助添加剂混合制备得到所述多功能缓蚀剂。
10.权利要求1至8任意一项所述的多功能缓蚀剂和权利要求9所述的制备方法制得的多功能缓蚀剂在金属加工液中的应用。
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