CN107397063B

CN107397063B - Piglet milk substitute and using method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN107397063B
Application number: CN201710717186.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 马兴亮; 周华杰; 苑忠秀
Original assignee: Shandong Zhongcheng Feed Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Shandong Zhongcheng Feed Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2017-08-21
Filing date: 2017-08-21
Publication date: 2021-03-26
Anticipated expiration: 2037-08-21
Also published as: CN107397063A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to a milk substitute feed for piglets and a using method thereof, which are used for solving the problems of weaning stress and weight loss of piglets. The invention relates to a milk substitute for piglets, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of rice flour, 30-40 parts of whey powder, 5-10 parts of sucrose, 5-10 parts of glucose, 0.2-0.5 part of sodium chloride, 1-2 parts of coating compound vitamin, 0.1-0.2 part of lysine, 0.05-0.1 part of methionine, 0.02-0.04 part of threonine, 5-10 parts of wheat hydrolyzed protein and 5-10 parts of rice enzymolysis protein. By adopting the milk replacer and the proper using method, the problems of insufficient feed intake, no increase of weaning, even negative increase and the like of the weaned pigs are solved, and the feed intake and daily gain of the weaned pigs in three days from weaning to weaning are improved by feeding the novel milk replacer for the weaned pigs, so that the weaned pigs can quickly pass the weaning period.

Description

Piglet milk substitute and using method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to a milk substitute feed for piglets and a using method thereof, which are used for solving the problems of weaning stress and weight loss of piglets.

Background

The adaptation period after weaning of piglets generally takes 7-10 days. Partially well managed farms, may be shortened by 1-2 days. Understanding the changes that occur in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets at this stage is the first step in controlling these problems.

The parent Hipporates in modern medicine indicated that "all diseases begin in the gut" as early as 460-370 b.c. This is still true today. The intestinal tract occupies about 80% of the immune system in the body, and IgA synthesized and secreted by the intestinal mucosal barrier plays an important role. Once this barrier is breached, it will affect the ability of the gut to synthesize IgA. The body loses its ability to fight all harmful substances that enter the body, leaving the animal in a variety of infections. Toxins and pathogens responsible for defense by the gut include: harmful parasites, bacteria, viruses, yeasts and fungi. The intestine is also responsible for the proper digestion and absorption of nutrients for energy and nutrients required for systemic growth and repair. The inflamed intestinal tract impairs the body's ability to absorb nutrients, resulting in a loss of growth performance and increased costs of farming. Therefore, the key technology for solving the weaning stress of the piglets is how to protect and promote the intestinal development of the piglets, scientifically prepare the daily ration which meets the physiological needs of the intestinal tracts of the weaned piglets and improve the feed intake of the weaned piglets.

Weaning is the most severe stress experienced by piglets in the whole life, and can cause intestinal tract, immunity and behavior changes of the piglets. Weaning stressors such as segregation from sows, mixing with other piglets, pathogen exposure, etc. all cause problems. The weaning stress is quickly adapted, and the high growth performance of piglets can be realized.

Generally, regardless of the age of the day of weaning, piglets lose 100-250g of body weight on day 1 of weaning, and 4 days are required to recover the body weight lost on day 1. In 1992, a research group at Cansasii university, USA, reported that body weight gain at week 1 after weaning affected its time to reach 110kg of commercial body weight. It was observed that when piglets had gained more than 227g/d body weight at week 1 after weaning, the time to reach 110kg body weight would be 6-10 days less than piglets having gained equal or less than 150g/d body weight at week 1 after weaning. Therefore, it is very important to control the inflammation of weaned piglets and to improve the feed intake and growth rate of weaned piglets by three days after weaning.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems of insufficient feed intake, no increase of weaning, even negative increase and the like of piglets during weaning, the invention provides the piglet milk replacer and the use method thereof, so that the feed intake and daily gain of weaning piglets from three days to weaning are improved by feeding the novel piglet milk replacer, and the piglets can rapidly pass the weaning period.

The invention relates to a milk substitute for piglets, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of rice flour, 30-40 parts of whey powder, 5-10 parts of sucrose, 5-10 parts of glucose, 0.2-0.5 part of sodium chloride, 1-2 parts of coating compound vitamin, 0.1-0.2 part of lysine, 0.05-0.1 part of methionine, 0.02-0.04 part of threonine, 5-10 parts of wheat hydrolyzed protein and 5-10 parts of rice enzymolysis protein.

Wherein, the rice flour is a high-quality hypoallergenic material, the carbohydrate in the rice is mainly starch, the contained protein is mainly glutelin, and secondly, the rice glue protein and the globulin, the biological value of the protein and the composition ratio of the amino acid are higher than the cereal crops such as wheat, barley, millet, corn and the like, the digestibility is 66.8-83.1%, and the protein is also a higher one of the cereal proteins.

The whey powder can provide a large amount of lactose, can generate a large amount of lactic acid by fermentation in the digestive tract of the piglets, reduces the pH value, helps the digestion of the milk, and inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria, which has a main significance on the health of the piglets; the high-quality whey protein contained in the whey powder has the advantages of high digestibility, good amino acid form and no anti-nutritional factors in piglets, also contains albumin and globulin (serum protein), has positive influence on intestinal tracts, particularly has immunoglobulin, has a protection effect on the intestinal tracts, and can resist escherichia coli. The whey powder also contains lactoperoxidase and lactoferrin, and has antibacterial and bacteriostatic effects.

Besides being used as an energy source, the sucrose has the effect of a natural sweetener, has lasting sweet taste, does not have the afterbitter taste of a chemically synthesized sweetener, improves the feed intake of piglets, can be directly absorbed and utilized by the piglets, reduces stress, and quickly supplements the energy lost by the piglets.

The sodium chloride has the functions of promoting the gastric acid secretion of the piglets, improving the appetite and regulating the electrolytic balance in the piglets.

The vitamin C and the vitamin E in the compound vitamin have the function of stress resistance, and can remove the toxin generated by weaning stress in the bodies of piglets.

Lysine, methionine and threonine are the unbalance of amino acids in the supplementary raw materials, and the amino acids in the raw materials can be fully utilized and absorbed by piglets after the amino acids are balanced.

The rice enzymolysis protein has balanced amino acid composition, is rich in various essential amino acids required by organisms, and has a comprehensive promotion effect on the growth performance of pigs. Researches show that the daily gain, the energy metabolism rate, the protein metabolism rate and the feed efficiency of the bred pigs can be obviously improved by adding 1.5 to 2.0 percent of rice protein peptide into the daily ration, the total protein, the blood sugar and the alanine transferase content in the pig blood can also be improved, and the diarrhea rate of the pigs and the urea nitrogen and lactate dehydrogenase concentration in the blood are obviously reduced.

The wheat hydrolyzed protein has high content of glutamine accounting for 30-40% of the whole amino acid content, is favorable for maintaining and protecting the structure and the function of small intestine mucous membranes of piglets, reduces the diarrhea rate of the piglets after weaning, and is very beneficial to the intestinal health.

In the invention, the amino acid composition of the rice enzymolysis protein and the wheat hydrolysis protein is fully utilized, and the unique effects of repairing and promoting the growth of the weaned piglet intestines are achieved.

The amino acid is a mixture of two or more of lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan.

The compound coating vitamin is a mixture of two or more of coating vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6 and biotin, various compound coating vitamins sold in the market can be selected, and the compound coating vitamin is preferably purchased from Zhejiang civilian biotechnology limited.

The cane sugar, the rice flour and the sodium chloride are all processed by a double ultra-micro powder process, and the granularity is less than or equal to 20 mu m.

After the sucrose is subjected to the double ultra-fine powder, the sucrose can be quickly finished with taste buds of the tongue after being eaten by the piglets, the piglets can generate pleasant sweet taste, the feed intake is increased, and the contact area between the sucrose and digestive tract and secreted enzymes is increased by the double ultra-fine powder, so that the sucrose is quickly decomposed and converted.

In addition, the cane sugar used in the invention is different from other similar inventions, the cane sugar is not only used as an energy raw material, but also used as a sweetening agent and an energy raw material, the grain size of the cane sugar is below 20 micrometers after the cane sugar passes through the double ultra-fine powder, the cane sugar can be melted rapidly, and after being taken by piglets, the appetite of the piglets is stimulated rapidly, so that the desire for taking the piglets is improved obviously. No chemically synthesized sweetener is added in the present invention because the sweet taste of sucrose is recognized as the clearest and it has no perceptible odor. Whereas chemically synthesized sweeteners can perceive an odor. Moreover, most have unpleasant aftertastes, such as sodium cyclamate and saccharin which can be tasted with strong chemical tastes and with metallic and sweet aftertastes, and aspartame and acesulfame potassium also have slightly non-sweet aftertastes. Most of the artificial synthetic sweeteners belong to low-calorie or non-calorie sweeteners, are generally not decomposed by enzymes and absorbed by human bodies, and are non-food after all. Thus, there is no nutritional value other than a perception of sweetness. And the artificial synthesized sweeteners belong to high-sweetness sweeteners and the sweetness range is changed hundreds of times. Therefore, the taste sense effect is difficult to control and easy to deviate when the product is used, so that the expected taste sense effect is often not achieved, the quality of the product is affected, and the health of the human body is even involved.

After the sodium chloride is subjected to superfine grinding, the sodium chloride can quickly reach the stomach due to the particle size of less than 20 microns, and chloride ions can participate in the formation of gastric acid, improve the activity of pepsin in the stomach of the piglet and promote the digestion and absorption of the piglet to protein.

The rice flour in the product is prepared from double superfine powder, the granularity of the rice flour is below 20 microns, the rice flour is uniformly dispersed, the rice flour is very easy to cure after being brewed by boiling water, and the rice flour can be rapidly dispersed after reaching intestinal tracts of piglets and can be paved on the intestinal tracts of the piglets, so that the rice flour is favorable for promoting the secretion of digestive enzymes in the intestinal tracts of the piglets and the absorption of nutrient substances.

The vitamins used in the invention are microcapsule-coated vitamins and have the functions of heat resistance and oxidation resistance, so that the nutritional efficacy of the vitamins is not damaged when the vitamins are cured by boiling water at 100 ℃, and the coating is opened to play the role of the vitamins after the piglets eat the vitamins to the intestinal tract and pass the effect of digestive enzymes of the intestinal tract, thereby reducing the decomposition loss of the vitamins passing the digestive tract and improving the efficacy.

The production method of the milk replacer comprises the steps of adding all the raw materials into a stirrer according to the weight percentage, and fully stirring to obtain the milk replacer.

The using method of the piglet milk substitute feed comprises the following steps: every 1kg of the novel milk replacer is washed with 8kg of boiling water at 100 ℃, stirred while being washed, and can be used after the temperature is reduced to be mild (37 ℃); the product needs to be flushed by boiling water at 100 ℃, the proportion of water to the feed is 8:1, the boiling water can enable the hydrolyzed wheat protein and the hydrolyzed rice protein to be cured and denatured and to be easily absorbed, the starch in the rice flour is gelatinized and denatured, and the digestion and absorption of digestive enzymes in intestinal tracts of weaned piglets are easy. Weaned piglets are fed 200-300ml each time, and fed 5-6 times per day.

The product of the invention is not added with any antibiotic, the raw materials are all food grade, after being cured by boiled water at 100 ℃, the product has natural fragrance, no bitter taste of the antibiotic and metallic astringent taste of a chemical synthetic additive, has strong food calling effect, can improve the feed intake of the feed, has protection and repair effects on the intestinal tract of weaned piglets, enhances the conversion function of internal organs of the piglets, has no drug residue and deposition, and has promotion effect on the later growth of the piglets.

The invention uses boiling water of 100 ℃ to cure the materials, and simultaneously plays a role in sterilization, thereby reducing the probability of piglet intestinal infection, after the raw materials are cured by the boiling water, the starch in the raw materials is gelatinized, the protein is denatured and is easy to digest and absorb, in addition, the materials are in a porridge shape after being cured, thereby reducing the mechanical damage to the piglet intestinal tract, in addition, the added vitamins and the hydrolyzed protein have the functions of anti-inflammatory factors and repairing intestinal tract villus damage, the lactose of the whey powder generates lactic acid after the piglet intestinal tract is fermented, thereby having the functions of reducing the intestinal pH value and promoting the propagation of intestinal beneficial bacteria lactic acid bacteria, and the comprehensive function plays a role in controlling the inflammation of weaned piglets.

By adopting the invention, the feed intake and daily gain of the weaned piglets from weaning to weaning within three days can be obviously improved, the negative increase of the piglets from weaning to weaning within three days can not occur, the weaning stress time is obviously shortened, the average daily gain from weaning to weaning within three days is about 200-300g, and the industrial problem that the weight of the weaned piglets is negatively increased during weaning is solved.

Detailed Description

Example 1

The milk substitute for the piglets comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of rice flour, 40 parts of whey powder, 5 parts of cane sugar, 7 parts of glucose, 0.2 part of sodium chloride, 1 part of coating compound vitamin, 0.15 part of lysine, 0.1 part of methionine, 0.02 part of threonine, 7 parts of wheat hydrolyzed protein and 10 parts of rice enzymolysis protein.

Wherein the cane sugar, the rice flour and the sodium chloride are all processed by a double ultra-micro powder process, and the granularity is less than or equal to 20 mu m.

The compound coating vitamin is a mixture of two or more of coating vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6 and biotin.

The method comprises the following specific using steps: every 1kg of the novel milk replacer is washed with 8kg of boiling water at 100 ℃, stirred while being washed, and can be used when the temperature is reduced to 35 ℃; weaned piglets are fed 200ml each time and 5 times per day.

Example 2

The milk substitute for the piglets comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of rice flour, 30 parts of whey powder, 10 parts of cane sugar, 6 parts of glucose, 0.3 part of sodium chloride, 1.5 parts of coating compound vitamin, 0.2 part of lysine, 0.05 part of methionine, 0.2 part of threonine, 6 parts of wheat hydrolyzed protein and 9 parts of rice enzymolysis protein.

The method comprises the following specific using steps: every 1kg of the novel milk replacer is washed with 8kg of boiling water at 100 ℃, stirred while being washed, and can be used when the temperature is reduced to 37 ℃; weaned piglets are fed with 250ml each time and 6 times per day.

Example 3

The milk substitute for the piglets comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of rice flour, 37 parts of whey powder, 8 parts of cane sugar, 5 parts of glucose, 0.4 part of sodium chloride, 2 parts of coating compound vitamin, 0.1 part of lysine, 0.08 part of methionine, 0.3 part of threonine, 5 parts of wheat hydrolyzed protein and 8 parts of rice enzymolysis protein.

The method comprises the following specific using steps: every 1kg of the novel milk replacer is washed with 8kg of boiling water at 100 ℃, stirred while being washed, and can be used when the temperature is reduced to 37 ℃; weaned piglets are fed with 300ml each time and 5 times per day.

Example 4

The milk substitute for the piglets comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 37 parts of rice flour, 32 parts of whey powder, 7 parts of cane sugar, 8 parts of glucose, 0.5 part of sodium chloride, 1.2 parts of coating compound vitamin, 0.2 part of lysine, 0.09 part of methionine, 0.4 part of threonine, 8 parts of wheat hydrolyzed protein and 5 parts of rice enzymolysis protein.

The method comprises the following specific using steps: every 1kg of the novel milk replacer is washed with 8kg of boiling water at 100 ℃, stirred while being washed, and can be used when the temperature is reduced to 37 ℃; weaned piglets are fed with 220ml each time, and are fed 5 times per day.

Example 5

The milk substitute for the piglets comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32 parts of rice flour, 35 parts of whey powder, 6 parts of cane sugar, 9 parts of glucose, 0.5 part of sodium chloride, 1.8 parts of coating compound vitamin, 0.1 part of lysine, 0.1 part of methionine, 0.1 part of threonine, 10 parts of wheat hydrolyzed protein and 7 parts of rice enzymolysis protein.

The method comprises the following specific using steps: every 1kg of the novel milk replacer is washed with 8kg of boiling water at 100 ℃, stirred while being washed, and can be used when the temperature is reduced to 37 ℃; the weaned piglets are fed 270ml each time and 5 times each day.

Example 6

The milk substitute for the piglets comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of rice flour, 40 parts of whey powder, 9 parts of sucrose, 10 parts of glucose, 0.4 part of sodium chloride, 1.3 parts of coating compound vitamin, 0.2 part of lysine, 0.05 part of methionine, 0.4 part of threonine, 9 parts of wheat hydrolyzed protein and 6 parts of rice enzymolysis protein.

The method comprises the following specific using steps: every 1kg of the novel milk replacer is washed with 8kg of boiling water at 100 ℃, stirred while being washed, and can be used when the temperature is reduced to 37 ℃; weaned piglets are fed with 300ml each time and 6 times per day.

Examples of the experiments

The following verification is made on the milk replacer for piglets prepared by the preparation method according to the use and feeding method of the milk replacer

1 test Material

1.1 test time

The experiment was started at 9:10 am on 5 th of 7 th of 2015, and terminated at 9:20 am on 8 th of 7 th of 2015 for 3 days.

1.2 test site

The test is carried out in a Taian fat city Shandong adult experimental pig farm.

1.3 test animals

The test animals select PIC mating line commercial weaned piglets which are 960 heads in total.

The test is provided with a control group and a test group. The test feed is a milk substitute feed for piglets. The control group was fed with starter feed (produced by Shandong Zhongcheng feed science Co., Ltd.).

2 test method

2.1 design of the experiment

The test is divided into 6 test groups and a control group, and 960 piglets with the weight of 6.5kg-8.5 are selected from newly weaned piglets at the age of 25-28 days. Feeding 2 different test diets, and recording the average weight of weaned piglets, the average weight of weaning three days after weaning, and the feed intake of weaning three days.

2.2 Breeding management

After weaning, the piglets are transferred to a nursing bed of a nursing house for feeding, the piglets are fed freely, clean and sufficient drinking water is provided by a duckbill type drinking device, the temperature of the nursing house is controlled to be 27 +/-2 ℃, the piglets are fed for 5-6 times every day, the dung is cleaned twice, the inside of the nursing house is kept clean, and the appetite and the mental condition of the piglets during the feeding period are observed and recorded at any time.

2.3 measurement of indices

2.3.1 determination of feed consumption

And recording the total feed consumption from weaning to weaning three days, and calculating the average daily feed intake from weaning to weaning three days.

2.3.2 determination of weight of piglets on weaning day and three days after weaning

Weighing and recording the weights of the piglets of the control group and the piglets of the experimental group on the weaning day and the weights of the piglets of the experimental group after three days of weaning, and calculating the average weight of weaning, the average weight of weaning after three days of weaning and the average daily gain from weaning to three days of weaning.

2.3.3 statistical processing of data

The experimental data were compared statistically and computationally using the EXCEL chart.

3 results and analysis

A production performance comparison table of the novel piglet milk replacer and a comparison group is tested, and is specifically shown in table 1. The following conclusion can be drawn from table 1 that the average daily feed intake of the piglets of 6 test groups fed with the novel piglet milk replacer is obviously improved compared with that of the control group, the average daily weight gain of the piglets from weaning to weaning three days is obviously improved by 2.02 times compared with that of the test group, and each piglet of the test groups has the weight gain of 233.38g more than that of the control group every day, so that the time for increasing the weight of the weaned piglet is greatly shortened, and the weaning stress of the piglet is reduced.

TABLE 1

Claims

1. The milk substitute for the piglets is characterized in that: the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of rice flour, 30-40 parts of whey powder, 5-10 parts of sucrose, 5-10 parts of glucose, 0.2-0.5 part of sodium chloride, 1-2 parts of coating compound vitamin, 0.1-0.2 part of lysine, 0.05-0.1 part of methionine, 0.02-0.04 part of threonine, 5-10 parts of wheat hydrolyzed protein and 5-10 parts of rice enzymolysis protein;

the sucrose, the rice flour and the sodium chloride are all processed by a double ultra-micro powder process, and the particle sizes are all less than or equal to 20 mu m;

the compound coating vitamin comprises coating vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin B₁Vitamin B₂Vitamin B₆And biotin;

the method for using the milk material comprises the following specific steps: every 1kg of the novel milk replacer is washed with 8kg of boiling water at 100 ℃, stirred while being washed, and can be used when the temperature is reduced to 35-37 ℃; weaned piglets are fed 200-300ml each time, and fed 5-6 times per day.