CN107390266A - Speed update method and pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling method based on angle gathers - Google Patents
Speed update method and pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling method based on angle gathers Download PDFInfo
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of speed update method based on angle gathers and pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling method.The speed update method includes step：Coherent energy spectrum scanning is carried out to angle gathers, obtains the remaining curvature of different depth；Using the point of vertical pickup residue curvature as the point of ray tracing, using last round of pre-stack depth migration rate pattern as the rate pattern of ray tracing, ray tracing is carried out；The remaining curvature that pickup obtains is converted into the time difference by corresponding depth difference；Build one-dimensional chromatography equation and solve, obtain speed renewal amount model；Speed renewal amount model is added with last round of rate pattern, pre-stack depth migration rate pattern after must updating.The velocity modeling method is included in during pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling, and speed renewal is carried out using above-mentioned speed update method.The present invention can more really react ray path information so that one-dimensional chromatographic effect has larger lifting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geophysical exploration technology, more particularly, is related to one kind and (can be described as angle again based on angle gathers
Domain common imaging gather, angle domain trace gather) one-dimensional tomographic inversion speed update method and pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling
Method.
Background technology
, it is necessary to carry out pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling in seism processing.In pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling
During, the general method using tomographic inversion carries out speed renewal.In actual speed modeling process, typically to offset distance
Trace gather carries out coherent energy spectrum scanning, and then during ray tracing, the speed of selection is horizontal layer speed, and this causes
The inaccuracy of Velocity Pursuit.This is the greatest difficulty that one-dimensional tomographic inversion speed renewal faces at present.
Two deficiencies be present in existing method：
(1) offset gather can not really corresponsively under reflective information.
(2) one-dimensional chromatography is that ray tracing is carried out on horizontal layer model, have ignored model other points to the spot speed
The influence of imaging.
The content of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, an object of the present invention is solve present in above-mentioned prior art
One or more problems.For example, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of one-dimensional tomographic inversion speed based on angle gathers
Update method, to improve one-dimensional chromatographic effect.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of one-dimensional tomographic inversion speed renewal side based on angle gathers
Method, the speed update method comprise the following steps：Coherent energy spectrum scanning is carried out to angle gathers, obtained on different depth
Remaining curvature；Using the point of the remaining curvature of vertical pickup as the point of ray tracing, with last round of pre-stack depth migration speed mould
Rate pattern of the type as ray tracing, ray tracing is carried out, obtains ray path；Obtained remaining curvature will be picked up by corresponding
Depth difference be converted to the time difference；Build one-dimensional chromatography equation and solve, obtain speed renewal amount model；By speed renewal amount mould
Type is added with last round of pre-stack depth migration rate pattern, the pre-stack depth migration rate pattern after being updated.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method of pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling, the pre-stack depth migration speed
Degree modeling method includes：It is anti-using the above-mentioned one-dimensional chromatography based on angle gathers during pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling
Drill speed update method and carry out speed renewal.
Compared with prior art, the one-dimensional tomographic inversion speed update method of the invention based on angle gathers can be effective
The information of angle domain trace gather is make use of, can more really react ray path information so that one-dimensional chromatographic effect has larger carry
Rise.
Embodiment
Hereinafter, the one-dimensional tomographic inversion based on angle gathers of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to exemplary embodiment
The method of speed update method and pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling.
One aspect of the present invention provides a kind of one-dimensional tomographic inversion speed update method based on angle gathers, to Depth Domain into
Image angle trace gather is scanned, and carries out speed renewal by one-dimensional tomographic inversion, its major technique is contemplated that：Phase is carried out to angle gathers
Dry energy spectrum scanning, the pickup velocity ratio in vertical spectrum, carries out ray tracing, using grid in multiple CMP points (i.e. concentrically
Point) on structure chromatography equation group, so as to inverting update after speed renewal amount, then to the speed renewal amount after renewal with original
Speed is added, the speed after being updated.
One-dimensional tomographic inversion speed update method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention based on angle gathers may include with
Lower step：Coherent energy spectrum scanning is carried out to angle gathers, obtains the remaining curvature on different depth；With the residue of vertical pickup
Point of the point as ray tracing of curvature, using last round of pre-stack depth migration rate pattern as the rate pattern of ray tracing,
Ray tracing is carried out, obtains ray path；The remaining curvature that pickup obtains is converted into the time difference by corresponding depth difference；Structure
One-dimensional chromatography equation simultaneously solves, and obtains speed renewal amount model；By speed renewal amount model and last round of pre-stack depth migration speed
Spend model to be added, the pre-stack depth migration rate pattern after being updated.
Wherein, first round pre-stack depth migration rate pattern (i.e. pre-stack depth migration initial velocity model) has a variety of methods
Obtain, such as：1) root mean sequare velocity of pre-stack time migration obtains Depth Domain speed by Dix formula or constraint velocity inversion
Model, editor or do not edit all can, obtain first round pre-stack depth migration rate pattern；2) artificial given depth and speed,
It is manually to choose some layer of position under normal circumstances, then on layer position, manually gives some speed (these speed are experiences), obtain
To first round pre-stack depth migration rate pattern；3) gradient rate pattern from shallow to deep etc. is given.
Remaining curvature on different depth refers to, from shallow to depth, every 5 meters (being typically 5 meters), carry out a remaining curvature
Calculate, such as depth ten thousand metres, then the remaining curvature of 2000 points is calculated, pickup is concentrated in portion of energy under normal circumstances
Place be picked up, manual pickup point is relatively fewer, several points or more than ten point, and automatic Picking is more, but is less than
2000。
Angle gathers can be produced by pre-stack depth migration；Also can be angle gathers by offset gather approximate transform.Usual feelings
Under condition, angle domain trace gather caused by pre-stack depth migration is truer compared with the angle gathers by offset gather approximate transform.
In the present embodiment, coherent energy spectrum scanning can be carried out to angle gathers, obtains the remaining curvature on different depth；
The remaining curvature is the display of angle domain information, and it equally meets when speed is accurate that trace gather is horizontal, when speed is less than normal
When, trace gather is tilted upward, and when speed is bigger than normal, trace gather is turned under.
Conventional method, offset gather coherent energy spectrum scanning formula can be：Wherein zxFor
Data depth corresponding to offset distance x, z0For data depth corresponding to zero-offset, x is offset distance, and γ is the residue for needing to scan
Curvature；
The angle gathers of the present invention scan formula：Wherein, θ is angle, zθIt is corresponding for angle, θ
Data depth, z0For data depth corresponding to zero-offset, C2To need the remaining curvature scanned, θmaxFor current z0It is corresponding
Maximum angle.
It is that the method scanned with energy spectrum obtains remaining curvature in the present embodiment, but the invention is not restricted to this, can also
Curve matching residue curvature is directly used in trace gather.The formula of fitting is as the formula that energy spectrum scans.
Compared to conventional method, the point of the remaining curvature of vertical pickup, it can be used as ray tracing not as layer site
Point, ray tracing use rate pattern can be last round of pre-stack depth migration rate pattern.
In the present embodiment, can for last round of pre-stack depth migration rate pattern in the case where not considering inclination angle
Ray tracing is carried out, obtains ray path L.The maximum subtended angle of ray tracing can be the maximum angular of angle gathers corresponding to current point
Degree.Preferably, grid can be used to carry out ray tracing.
In the present embodiment, the step of depth difference of the remaining curvature of pickup being converted into the time difference may include：Carry out deep
Degree difference and the conversion of time difference, wherein the formula utilized can be：
In formula, Δ t is the time difference, and s is the inverse of the speed before renewal, and referred to as slowness, φ are inclination angle,Opened for ray half
Angle, Δ z are depth difference.Angle, θ is angle of reflection, refers to the angle of bed boundary normal direction and directions of rays.Declination angle is inclination angle,
Refer to stratal surface and the angle of level ground.
In the present embodiment, the Dimensional level equation of component one, parse acquisition speed renewal amount model the step of may include：
Chromatographing equation is：
L Δ s=Δs t
L is ray path in formula, and Δ s is slowness renewal amount, and Δ t is the time difference.In above formula, L is obtained by ray tracing,
The rate pattern that ray tracing uses is last round of rate pattern (needing the rate pattern updated), and Δ t is speed before and after renewal
Degree passes through the time difference of grid.
Note：Chromatographing equation is made up of many individual equations, the corresponding equation of each ray.In the process chromatographed
In, each vertical pickup point can correspond to a plurality of ray path, generally be determined by the derivative of angle domain trace gather.
In the present embodiment, can be post-processed after the speed renewal amount model is obtained, the post processing can wrap
Include smoothing processing.Under normal circumstances, subsequent treatment can edit, can also be smooth, and this is user's sentencing for renewal result
It is disconnected, it is application strategy.
The innovation of the present invention includes：It is vertical in angle domain trace gather to sweep using angle domain trace gather for conventional method
Remaining curvature is retouched, then carries out ray tracing, the speed that ray tracing uses is speed before renewal, the angular range of ray tracing
It is the maximum angle of angle domain, on this basis, to multiple CMP points, each CMP points correspond to multiple vertical pickup points, structure layer
Equation group is analysed, the speed renewal amount after being updated so as to inverting, then the speed renewal amount after renewal is added with former speed, obtain
Speed after to renewal.
In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the one-dimensional tomographic inversion speed update method bag based on angle gathers
Include step：
The first step：Angle domain trace gather is revised as to the offset gather of conventional method.Offset distance domain trace gather is concerned with
Energy spectrum scanning is changed into carrying out coherent energy spectrum scanning to angle domain trace gather, obtains the remaining curvature on different depth.At this
Coherent energy spectrum scanning is carried out to geological data in step, the purpose of scanning is in remaining curvature range, to determine coherent energy
Most strong remaining curvature is the remaining curvature needed.The remaining curvature is the display of angle domain information.Its same satisfaction works as speed
When accurate, trace gather is horizontal；When speed is less than normal, trace gather is tilted upward, and when speed is bigger than normal, trace gather is turned under.
Offset gather refers to：It is to pass through the CMP all for some pip of underground, such as CMP points
The geological data from different shot points and different receiving points combine, the distance of shot point to CMP is offset distance, partially
Move away from ascending arrangement, form offset gather.
Angle domain trace gather refers to：For some pip of underground, such as CMP points, different shot points and different receiving points
Seismic wave passes through the pip, and the shot point and geophone station geological data of all different angles by the pip are combined
Come, the ascending arrangement of angle, form angle domain trace gather.
Herein, offset gather and angle domain trace gather are that pre-stack depth migration produces.Angle domain trace gather is compared with offset gather
More can really corresponsively under tectonic information.
Conventional method, offset gather coherent energy spectrum scanning formula are：Wherein, zxFor
Data depth corresponding to offset distance x, z0For data depth corresponding to zero-offset, x is offset distance, and γ is the residue for needing to scan
Curvature.
Angle domain trace gather of the present invention scans formula：
Wherein, zθFor data depth corresponding to angle, θ, z0For data depth corresponding to zero-offset, C2Needs scan
Remaining curvature, θ are angle, θmaxFor current z0Corresponding maximum angle.
Second step：On coherent energy spectrum, the pickup of remaining curvature is carried out.Artificial pickup can be used herein, can also
Using automatic Picking.
3rd step：With the point of the remaining curvature of vertical pickup, compared to conventional method, it is not as layer site.And conduct
The point of ray tracing, the rate pattern that ray tracing uses is last round of pre-stack depth migration rate pattern.
4th step：In the case where not considering inclination angle, carry out ray for last round of pre-stack depth migration rate pattern and chase after
Track, obtain ray path L.The maximum subtended angle of ray tracing is the maximum angle of angle gathers corresponding to current point.
5th step：The remaining curvature of pickup, by conversion, the time difference is converted to by corresponding depth difference.Conversion method exists
It is described in open source literature or books.Formula is as follows：
Wherein, Δ t is the time difference, and s is the inverse of the speed before renewal, and referred to as slowness, φ are inclination angle,Opened for ray half
Angle, Δ z are depth difference.
6th step：One-dimensional chromatography equation is built, solution chromatography equation, obtains speed renewal amount model.
7th step：Speed renewal amount model is handled, for example, it is smooth etc..
8th step：Speed renewal amount model is added with last round of pre-stack depth migration rate pattern, after being updated
Rate pattern.
One-dimensional tomographic inversion speed update method of the invention based on angle gathers is directed to angle domain trace gather, is controlled using non-layer position
The point of system carries out one-dimensional chromatography, and the speed that pickup is composed to vertical velocity provides solution than carrying out speed renewal.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method of pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling, and this method is inclined in prestack depth
Move during velocity modeling, speed is carried out more using the one-dimensional tomographic inversion speed update method based on angle gathers as described above
Newly.
The present invention adapts to the pre-stack depth migration velocity model building in seism processing field.Due to pre-stack depth migration
Velocity modeling is world-class problem, and the Depth Domain rate pattern established is the direction that major service company makes great efforts, pin of the present invention
To angle domain imaging trace gather, using a kind of one-dimensional effective method for chromatographing progress speed renewal, being speed renewal, this hair
The bright one-dimensional tomographic inversion speed update method based on angle gathers possesses wide application prospect, and can be inclined in prestack depth
Move in velocity modeling and obtain preferable application effect.
Although above by describing the present invention with reference to exemplary embodiment, those skilled in the art should be clear
Chu, in the case where not departing from the spirit and scope that claim is limited, the exemplary embodiment of the present invention can be carried out each
Kind modifications and changes.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of one-dimensional tomographic inversion speed update method based on angle gathers, it is characterised in that methods described includes following step
Suddenly：
Coherent energy spectrum scanning and pickup are carried out to angle gathers, obtain the remaining curvature on different depth；
Using the remaining curvature of vertical pickup point as ray tracing point, using last round of pre-stack depth migration rate pattern as
The rate pattern of ray tracing, ray tracing is carried out, obtains ray path；
The remaining curvature that pickup obtains is converted into the time difference by corresponding depth difference；
Build one-dimensional chromatography equation and solve, obtain speed renewal amount model；
Speed renewal amount model is added with last round of pre-stack depth migration rate pattern, the pre-stack depth migration after being updated
Rate pattern.
2. the one-dimensional tomographic inversion speed update method according to claim 1 based on angle gathers, it is characterised in that described
The scanning formula that angle gathers are carried out with coherent energy spectrum scanning is formula 1,
Formula 1 is：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>z</mi>
<mi>&theta;</mi>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>z</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>C</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mfrac>
<mi>&theta;</mi>
<msub>
<mi>&theta;</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>m</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
Wherein, θ is angle, zθFor data depth corresponding to angle, θ, z0For data depth corresponding to zero-offset, C2To need to sweep
The remaining curvature retouched, θmaxFor current z0Corresponding maximum angle.
3. the one-dimensional tomographic inversion speed update method according to claim 1 based on angle gathers, it is characterised in that described
The step of remaining curvature that pickup obtains is converted into the time difference by corresponding depth difference carries out depth difference and time difference using formula 2
Conversion,
Formula 2 is：
Wherein, Δ t is the time difference, and s is slowness, and φ is inclination angle,For ray half angle, Δ z is depth difference.
4. the one-dimensional tomographic inversion speed update method according to claim 1 based on angle gathers, it is characterised in that described
Method also includes：It is smoothed after the speed renewal amount model is obtained.
5. the one-dimensional tomographic inversion speed update method according to claim 1 based on angle gathers, it is characterised in that described
The maximum subtended angle of ray tracing is the maximum angle of angle gathers corresponding to current point.
6. the one-dimensional tomographic inversion speed update method according to claim 1 based on angle gathers, it is characterised in that described
Angle gathers are produced by pre-stack depth migration or changed by offset gather and produced.
7. the one-dimensional tomographic inversion speed update method according to claim 1 based on angle gathers, it is characterised in that use
Grid carries out ray tracing.
8. the one-dimensional tomographic inversion speed update method according to claim 1 based on angle gathers, it is characterised in that its
In, velocity inversion is carried out to the root mean sequare velocity of pre-stack time migration by Dix formula or constraint, obtains Depth Domain speed mould
Type, using the depth domain model after the depth domain model or editor as first round pre-stack depth migration rate pattern；
Or artificial given depth and speed, obtain first round pre-stack depth migration rate pattern；
Or a gradient rate pattern from shallow to deep is given as first round pre-stack depth migration rate pattern.
9. the one-dimensional tomographic inversion speed update method according to claim 1 based on angle gathers, it is characterised in that described
It is one-dimensional chromatography equation be：
L Δ s=Δs t
L is ray path in formula, and Δ s is slowness renewal amount, and Δ t is the time difference.
A kind of 10. method of pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling, it is characterised in that in pre-stack depth migration velocity modeling process
In, carried out using the one-dimensional tomographic inversion speed update method based on angle gathers as in one of claimed in any of claims 1 to 9
Speed updates.
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| CN109116413A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2019-01-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Imaging domain solid chromatographs velocity inversion method |
| CN111025397A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-04-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for obtaining depth domain velocity model by combining seismic data reflected wave and scattered wave |
| CN111736213A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-10-02 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Variable offset VSP Kirchhoff offset speed analysis method and device |
| CN112083489A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2020-12-15 | 中国煤炭地质总局地球物理勘探研究院 | Prestack depth migration speed updating method based on multi-information constraint |
| CN113075734A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-07-06 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Residual curvature spectrum calculation method and device based on signal-to-noise ratio constraint |
| CN113126152A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-07-16 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Depth domain velocity model construction method and device |
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| CN109116413A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2019-01-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Imaging domain solid chromatographs velocity inversion method |
| CN113126152A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-07-16 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Depth domain velocity model construction method and device |
| CN113126152B (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2024-06-25 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Depth domain speed model construction method and device |
| CN111025397A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-04-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for obtaining depth domain velocity model by combining seismic data reflected wave and scattered wave |
| CN111736213A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-10-02 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Variable offset VSP Kirchhoff offset speed analysis method and device |
| CN111736213B (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2022-05-20 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Variable offset VSP Kirchhoff offset velocity analysis method and device |
| CN112083489A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2020-12-15 | 中国煤炭地质总局地球物理勘探研究院 | Prestack depth migration speed updating method based on multi-information constraint |
| CN112083489B (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2023-04-18 | 中国煤炭地质总局地球物理勘探研究院 | Prestack depth migration speed updating method based on multi-information constraint |
| CN113075734A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-07-06 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Residual curvature spectrum calculation method and device based on signal-to-noise ratio constraint |
| CN113075734B (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2024-03-29 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Residual curvature spectrum calculation method and device based on signal-to-noise ratio constraint |
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