CN106646613B - The multiple dimensioned well control modeling of Depth Domain and imaging combination treatment method - Google Patents
The multiple dimensioned well control modeling of Depth Domain and imaging combination treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 18
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
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- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/50—Corrections or adjustments related to wave propagation
- G01V2210/52—Move-out correction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/50—Corrections or adjustments related to wave propagation
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Abstract
The invention discloses the multiple dimensioned well control modelings of Depth Domain and imaging combination treatment method, including：The preparation of early period, depth domain is converted when prestack preprocessing, velocity analysis, speed；Structural basement position is determined according to the thick imaging results of large scale grid；It carries out the offset of mesoscale trellis depth and generates angle domain common image gathers；According to remaining depth and stratigraphic dip into chromatographing renewal speed when walking；Quality monitoring, which is carried out, using drilling depth and carries out restraint layer analysing inverting；Above-mentioned modeling and imaging combined treatment procedure are repeated to all series of strata；Small scale trellis depth deviates and carries out local restriction fine tuning using drilling depth；Obtain the multiple dimensioned well control modeling of final Depth Domain and offset Combined Treatment result.Using the method for the invention, has obtained depth migration result local structure clear, reflect the reasonable feature of the tectonic episodes of geologic body.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil-gas exploration seismic data process field, specifically a kind of seismic acquisition data that is suitable for is for real
The method of existing Depth Domain modeling and imaging Combined Treatment.
Background technology
In recent years, with the continuous promotion of seismic prospecting treatment technology and computer software and hardware level, pre-stack depth migration
Technology becomes the important tool of high-precision structure imaging.Currently, depth migration algorithm development is more perfect, there is economic and practical penetrate
Line class deviates, and also has high-precision reverse-time migration, have and realized based on CPU platforms, also has and is realized based on GPU platform, may be used also
To realize two kinds of platform cooperated computings.But the velocity modeling technology of influence depth migration imaging precision, it is constantly in relatively stagnant
Stage afterwards limits promotion and application of the pre-stack depth migration in real data.If depth migration speed can be accurate
It obtains, then utilizing existing migration algorithm, preferable imaging results can be obtained；If speed is inaccurate, then good offset
Algorithm does not make up image error yet.Therefore, a set of Combined Treatment frame is established, a kind of modeling of Depth Domain is studied and combines with being imaged
Processing method becomes the approach that current pre-stack depth migration moves towards practical.
Invention content
Currently, depth modelling technology development corresponding with pre-stack depth migration is more slow, obtained rate pattern cannot
Meet the purpose of depth domain construction accurate imaging, especially in more wells area, hundreds of meters of excursions depths and drilling depth error sometimes,
Therefore the present invention proposes that a kind of seismic data Depth Domain that is suitable for models and is imaged combination treatment method, and well data are added and carry out matter
Amount monitoring and constraint, build mating modeling and imaging integral treatment method and flow, move towards practical for pre-stack depth migration
Change and a kind of possible approach is provided, and better processing scheme and achievement are provided for subsequent seismic interpretation.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows.
The multiple dimensioned well control modeling of Depth Domain and imaging combination treatment method, include the following steps：
Step 1：The preparation of early period, to earthquake common midpoint gather data prestack preprocessing and pre-stack time migration speed
Degree analysis, and be Depth Domain interval velocity by time-domain rate conversion；
Step 2：Structural basement position is determined according to the thick imaging results of large scale grid；
Step 3：It carries out the offset of mesoscale trellis depth and generates angle domain common image gathers；
Step 4：According to remaining depth and stratigraphic dip into chromatographing renewal speed when walking；
Step 5：Quality monitoring, which is carried out, using drilling depth and carries out restraint layer analysing inverting；
Step 6：Above-mentioned modeling and imaging combined treatment procedure are repeated to all series of strata；
Step 7：Small scale trellis depth deviates and carries out local restriction fine tuning using drilling depth；
Step 8：Obtain the multiple dimensioned well control modeling of final Depth Domain and offset Combined Treatment result.
As optimal technical scheme, in step 1, the prestack preprocessing includes denoising, deconvolution, proposes frequency processing, is dynamic
Correction, residual static correction.
As optimal technical scheme, in step 1, if it is relief surface, pre stack data is corrected to one with true
On the more similar smooth floating surface of earth's surface, floating surface is referred to as deviated, equally, Depth Domain interval velocity is also corrected to this offset
On floating surface.
As optimal technical scheme, in step 2, before being modeled using large scale grid pre-stack depth migration slightly at
Picture determines a structural basement according to thick imaging results, and substrate is the interface of velocity modeling, on carry out speed update, it
Under no longer renewal speed.
As optimal technical scheme, in step 3, after determining structural basement, a set of series of strata are determined according to thick imaging results
Depth bounds, select can include the set series of strata upper and lower major 1-5 grid range as imaging depth, ruler in progress
Degree grid pre-stack depth migration is imaged and generates angle domain common image gathers.
As optimal technical scheme, in step 4, remaining depth is picked up in trace gather, stratum is picked up in migrated section
Then inclination angle carries out speed update using chromatography when walking；The residue depth refers to the excursions depths and zero degree of all angles
The difference of excursions depths.
As optimal technical scheme, in steps of 5, using newer migration velocity, small scale grid prestack depth is carried out
Offset obtains imaging section and angle domain common image gathers, is compared with drilling depth and carries out quality monitoring, if imaging depth
It is less than depth migration industrial standard with the error of drilling depth, the series of strata velocity modeling that step 3 determines terminates；If being unsatisfactory for this
A standard is added drilling depth constraint and carries out least square tomographic inversion, until its error is less than depth migration industrial standard
Only.
As optimal technical scheme, in step 6, after the modeling for the series of strata that step 3 determines, the set series of strata are selected
Next set series of strata carry out modeling work, and specific method is：Fixed overlying speed is constant, and next set series of strata are divided according to migrated section
Depth bounds repeat modeling and the imaging Combined Treatment process of step 2-5, are finished until all series of strata all model.
As optimal technical scheme, in step 7, small scale grid pre-stack depth migration is carried out, and utilize drilling depth
Carry out quality monitoring；If met the requirements, entire modeling terminates with imaging combined treatment procedure；If being unsatisfactory for requiring, to whole
A rate pattern is corrected imaging depth according to drilling depth, so that it is coincide with drilling depth, obtains final speed mould
Type simultaneously carries out pre-stack depth migration.
As optimal technical scheme, the large scale grid is 2 to 4 times of grid bigger than original acquisition grid, mesoscale net
Lattice are the grids as former acquisition mesh scale, and small scale grid is to acquire the small grid of grid than former.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows.
First, pre stack data and migration velocity are uniformly corrected to the smoothed offset floating surface being closer to real surface
On, it solves the quiet school distortion caused by relief surface Earthquakes data lateral velocity variation, improves near surface imaging precision.
Second, multiple dimensioned grid is applied with imaging combined treatment procedure modeling, and true according to series of strata depth bounds
Determine imaging depth, preferably solves the contradiction of computational efficiency and computational accuracy.
Well data are added as quality before every set series of strata model the newer later stage and Holistic modeling terminates in third
Monitoring and constraint inverting, further improve modeling accuracy, keep Depth Imaging result relatively reliable.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of Depth Domain of the present invention multiple dimensioned well control modeling and imaging combination treatment method.
Fig. 2 is the offset floating surface figure that pre stack data and rate pattern use in embodiment 2.
Fig. 3 is the initial depth domain interval velocity model Local map of certain two-dimensional line in embodiment 2.
Fig. 4 is the remaining depth map picked up in angle domain common image gathers in embodiment 2.
Fig. 5 is vertical survey line (left side) pigtail chart picked up in migrated section in embodiment 2.
Fig. 6 is horizontal survey line (right side) pigtail chart picked up in migrated section in embodiment 2.
Fig. 7 is the multiple dimensioned well control modeling of Depth Domain and the imaging Combined Treatment result figure of certain two-dimensional line in embodiment 2.
Fig. 8 is conventional modeling and the imaging result figure of two-dimensional line shown in Fig. 7.
Specific implementation mode
In the following, the invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Embodiment 1.The multiple dimensioned well control modeling of Depth Domain and imaging combination treatment method, include the following steps：
(1) pre-processing and data preparation：Carry out conventional prestack preprocessing (denoising, deconvolution, carry frequency processing, dynamic correction,
Residual static correction etc.) and pre-stack time migration velocity analysis, and be Depth Domain interval velocity by time-domain rate conversion.If it is rise
It throws oneself on the ground table, pre stack data is corrected to one on the more similar smooth floating surface of real surface, referred to as deviating floating surface,
Equally, Depth Domain interval velocity is also corrected on this offset floating surface.
(2) thick imaging, one is determined according to thick imaging results before being modeled using large scale grid pre-stack depth migration
Structural basement, substrate are the interface of velocity modeling, on carry out speed update, under no longer renewal speed.
(3) after determining structural basement, first set series of strata depth bounds are determined according to thick imaging results, select it is slightly larger can
Include the imaging depth of this depth bounds, carry out mesoscale grid pre-stack depth migration be imaged and generate angle domain altogether at
Picture point trace gather.
(4) remaining depth is picked up in trace gather, stratigraphic dip is picked up in migrated section, is then carried out using chromatography when walking
Speed updates.
(5) newer migration velocity is utilized, small scale grid pre-stack depth migration is carried out and obtains imaging section and angle domain
Common imaging gather compares with drilling depth and carries out quality monitoring, judges whether to meet velocity modeling precision, if it is satisfied, the
A set of series of strata velocity modeling terminates, if conditions are not met, drilling depth constraint, which is added, carries out least square tomographic inversion.
(6) first set series of strata modeling terminates, and fixed overlying speed is constant；Second set of series of strata depth is divided according to migrated section
Range repeats above-mentioned modeling and imaging Combined Treatment process, until the update of all series of strata finishes.
(7) small scale grid pre-stack depth migration is carried out, and quality monitoring is carried out using drilling depth.If satisfaction is wanted
It asks, entire modeling terminates with imaging combined treatment procedure；If being unsatisfactory for requiring, to entire rate pattern according to drilling depth into
Row local restriction is finely tuned, and is obtained final rate pattern and is carried out pre-stack depth migration, until meeting the requirements.
Embodiment 2.A kind of multiple dimensioned well control modeling of Depth Domain and imaging combination treatment method, include the following steps.
Early period prestack preprocessing, pre-stack time migration velocity analysis and depth domain is converted when speed；
Determine structural basement as velocity modeling interface according to thick imaging results；
Modeling and imaging combined treatment procedure are realized using multiple dimensioned grid；
Well data are added and carry out quality monitoring and further constraint tomographic inversion；
It carries out small scale grid pre-stack depth migration processing and obtains final modeling and imaging results.
Pre stack data is corrected to one with truly by prestack preprocessing process early period if it is relief surface
On the more similar smooth floating surface of table, floating surface is referred to as deviated, equally, it is floating that Depth Domain interval velocity is also corrected to this offset
On dynamic face.
Described realizes that modeling carries out quality with imaging combined treatment procedure and addition well data using multiple dimensioned grid
Monitoring and further constraint tomographic inversion, which is characterized in that determine first set series of strata depth bounds according to thick imaging results, select
The slightly larger imaging depth that can include this depth bounds carries out mesoscale grid pre-stack depth migration and is imaged and is generated
Angle domain common image gathers pick up remaining depth in trace gather, stratigraphic dip are picked up in migrated section, then using walking when
Chromatography carries out speed update.Using newer migration velocity, carry out small scale grid pre-stack depth migration obtain imaging section and
Angle domain common image gathers compare with drilling depth and carry out quality monitoring, judge whether to meet velocity modeling precision, if full
Foot, first set series of strata velocity modeling terminate, if conditions are not met, drilling depth constraint, which is added, carries out least square tomographic inversion.The
A set of series of strata modeling terminates, and fixed overlying speed is constant；Second set of series of strata depth bounds is divided according to migrated section, is repeated above-mentioned
Modeling and imaging Combined Treatment process, until the update of all series of strata finishes.Small scale grid pre-stack depth migration is carried out, and is utilized
Drilling depth carries out quality monitoring.If met the requirements, entire modeling terminates with imaging combined treatment procedure；If being unsatisfactory for wanting
It asks, local restriction fine tuning is carried out according to drilling depth to entire rate pattern, obtain final rate pattern and carry out prestack depth
Degree offset, until meeting the requirements.
For purposes of illustration only, using certain exploratory area actual seismic data, operating procedure according to the invention carries out the more rulers of Depth Domain
Well control modeling and imaging Combined Treatment are spent, illustrates the application effect of the invention.
Fig. 1 show the multiple dimensioned well control modeling of Depth Domain and imaging combination treatment method operating procedure.In a step 101,
This exploratory area data is related to relief surface, it is thus necessary to determine that offset floating surface (Fig. 2) carries out prestack preprocessing, velocity analysis simultaneously first
Carry out depth domain conversion (Fig. 3) when speed；Step 102, thick imaging, root before being modeled using large scale grid pre-stack depth migration
A structural basement is determined according to thick imaging results；Step 103, first set series of strata depth bounds are determined according to thick imaging results, selected
The slightly larger imaging depth that can include this depth bounds is selected, mesoscale grid pre-stack depth migration is carried out and is imaged and is given birth to
Angled domain common imaging gather；Step 104, remaining depth (Fig. 4) is picked up in trace gather, and stratum is picked up in migrated section and is inclined
Angle (Fig. 5,6) then carries out speed update using chromatography when walking；Step 105, using newer migration velocity, small scale is carried out
Grid pre-stack depth migration obtains imaging section and angle domain common image gathers, and comparing progress quality monitoring with drilling depth sentences
It is disconnected whether to carry out well control constraint inverting；Step 106, above-mentioned modeling and imaging combined treatment procedure are repeated to all series of strata；Step
107, small scale trellis depth deviates and carries out local restriction fine tuning using drilling depth (see the table below).
Small scale trellis depth deviates and utilizes drilling depth contrast table
Step 108, the multiple dimensioned well control modeling of final Depth Domain and offset Combined Treatment result (Fig. 7) are obtained.With Fig. 8 institutes
The handling result that the conventional method shown obtains is compared, it can be seen that：The multiple dimensioned well control modeling of Depth Domain proposed by the present invention at
As combination treatment method, obtained depth migration result local structure is more clear, and reflects the tectonic episodes more adduction of geologic body
Reason demonstrates the correctness of the method for the present invention, and has higher practical value and promotional value.
Embodiment 3.The multiple dimensioned well control modeling of Depth Domain and imaging combination treatment method, include the following steps：
Step 1：The preparation of early period, to data prestack preprocessing and pre-stack time migration velocity analysis, and by the time
Domain rate conversion is Depth Domain interval velocity；
Step 2：Structural basement position is determined according to the thick imaging results of large scale grid；
Step 3：It carries out the offset of mesoscale trellis depth and generates angle domain common image gathers；
Step 4：According to remaining depth and stratigraphic dip into chromatographing renewal speed when walking；
Step 5：Quality monitoring, which is carried out, using drilling depth and carries out restraint layer analysing inverting；
Step 6：Above-mentioned modeling and imaging combined treatment procedure are repeated to all series of strata；
Step 7：Small scale trellis depth deviates and carries out local restriction fine tuning using drilling depth；
Step 8：Obtain the multiple dimensioned well control modeling of final Depth Domain and offset Combined Treatment result.
In step 1, the prestack preprocessing includes denoising, deconvolution, proposes frequency processing, moves correction, residual static correction.
In step 1, if it is relief surface, by pre stack data be corrected to one it is more similar smooth with real surface
On floating surface, floating surface is referred to as deviated, equally, Depth Domain interval velocity is also corrected on this offset floating surface.
In step 2, thick imaging, true according to thick imaging results before being modeled using large scale grid pre-stack depth migration
A fixed structural basement, substrate are the interface of velocity modeling, on carry out speed update, under no longer renewal speed.
In step 3, after determining structural basement, the depth bounds of a set of series of strata are determined according to thick imaging results, select energy
Enough it is inclined to carry out mesoscale grid prestack depth as imaging depth for the range of upper and lower major 1-5 grid comprising the set series of strata
Shift-in row is imaged and generates angle domain common image gathers.
In steps of 5, using newer migration velocity, carry out small scale grid pre-stack depth migration obtain imaging section and
Angle domain common image gathers compare with drilling depth and carry out quality monitoring, if the error of imaging depth and drilling depth is small
In depth migration industrial standard, the series of strata velocity modeling that step 3 determines terminates；If being unsatisfactory for this standard, it is deep that drilling well is added
Degree constraint carries out least square tomographic inversion, until its error is less than depth migration industrial standard.
In step 6, after the modeling for the series of strata that step 3 determines, next set series of strata of the set series of strata is selected to be built
Die worker makees, and specific method is：Fixed overlying speed is constant, and next set series of strata depth bounds are divided according to migrated section, repeats to walk
The modeling of rapid 2-5 and imaging Combined Treatment process, finish until all series of strata all model.
In step 7, small scale grid pre-stack depth migration is carried out, and quality monitoring is carried out using drilling depth；If
It meets the requirements, entire modeling terminates with imaging combined treatment procedure；If being unsatisfactory for requiring, to entire rate pattern according to drilling well
Depth is corrected imaging depth, it is made to coincide with drilling depth, obtains final rate pattern and to carry out prestack depth inclined
It moves.
The large scale grid is 2 to 4 times of grid bigger than original acquisition grid, and mesoscale grid is to acquire grid ruler with original
The same grid of degree, small scale grid are to acquire the small grid of grid than former.
Finally illustrate, preferred embodiment above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and unrestricted, although logical
It crosses above preferred embodiment the present invention is described in detail, however, those skilled in the art should understand that, can be
Various changes are made to it in form and in details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (10)
1. the multiple dimensioned well control modeling of Depth Domain and imaging combination treatment method, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
Step 1：The preparation of early period, to earthquake common midpoint gather data prestack preprocessing and pre-stack time migration speed point
Analysis, and be Depth Domain interval velocity by time-domain rate conversion；
Step 2：Structural basement position is determined according to the thick imaging results of large scale grid；
Step 3：It carries out the offset of mesoscale trellis depth and generates angle domain common image gathers；
Step 4：According to remaining depth and stratigraphic dip into chromatographing renewal speed when walking；
Step 5：Quality monitoring, which is carried out, using drilling depth and carries out restraint layer analysing inverting；
Step 6：Above-mentioned modeling and imaging combined treatment procedure are repeated to all series of strata；
Step 7：Small scale trellis depth deviates and carries out local restriction fine tuning using drilling depth；
Step 8：Obtain the multiple dimensioned well control modeling of final Depth Domain and offset Combined Treatment result.
2. the multiple dimensioned well control modeling of Depth Domain as described in claim 1 and imaging combination treatment method, it is characterised in that：In step
In rapid 1, the prestack preprocessing includes denoising, deconvolution, proposes frequency processing, moves correction and residual static correction.
3. the multiple dimensioned well control modeling of Depth Domain as described in claim 1 and imaging combination treatment method, it is characterised in that：In step
In rapid 1, if it is relief surface, pre stack data is corrected to one on the more similar smooth floating surface of real surface, claiming
For offset floating surface, equally, Depth Domain interval velocity be also corrected to this offset floating surface on.
4. the multiple dimensioned well control modeling of Depth Domain as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3 and imaging combination treatment method, it is characterised in that：
In step 2, thick imaging, a structure is determined according to thick imaging results before being modeled using large scale grid pre-stack depth migration
Make substrate, substrate is the interface of velocity modeling, on carry out speed update, under no longer renewal speed.
5. the multiple dimensioned well control modeling of Depth Domain as claimed in claim 4 and imaging combination treatment method, it is characterised in that：In step
In rapid 3, after determining structural basement, determine that the depth bounds of a set of series of strata, selection can include the jacket layer according to thick imaging results
The 1-5 mesoscale grid each up and down of system carries out mesoscale grid pre-stack depth migration and is imaged and is given birth to as imaging depth
Angled domain common imaging gather.
6. the multiple dimensioned well control modeling of Depth Domain as claimed in claim 5 and imaging combination treatment method, it is characterised in that：In step
In rapid 4, remaining depth is picked up in trace gather, stratigraphic dip is picked up in migrated section, then carry out speed using chromatography when walking
Update；The residue depth refers to the difference of the excursions depths and zero degree excursions depths of all angles.
7. the multiple dimensioned well control modeling of Depth Domain as claimed in claim 6 and imaging combination treatment method, it is characterised in that：In step
In rapid 5, using newer migration velocity, carries out small scale grid pre-stack depth migration acquisition imaging section and angle domain is imaged altogether
Point trace gather compares with drilling depth and carries out quality monitoring, if the error of imaging depth and drilling depth is less than depth migration work
Industry standard, the series of strata velocity modeling that step 3 determines terminate；If being unsatisfactory for this standard, drilling depth constraint is added and carries out most
Small two multiply tomographic inversion, until its error is less than depth migration industrial standard.
8. the multiple dimensioned well control modeling of Depth Domain as claimed in claim 7 and imaging combination treatment method, it is characterised in that：In step
In rapid 6, after the modeling for the series of strata that step 3 determines, next set series of strata of the set series of strata is selected to carry out modeling work, specific side
Method is：Fixed overlying speed is constant, and next set series of strata depth bounds are divided according to migrated section, repeat the modeling of step 2-5 with
It is imaged Combined Treatment process, is finished until all series of strata all model.
9. the multiple dimensioned well control modeling of Depth Domain as described in claim 1 and imaging combination treatment method, it is characterised in that：In step
In rapid 7, small scale grid pre-stack depth migration is carried out, and quality monitoring is carried out using drilling depth；If met the requirements, entirely
Modeling terminates with imaging combined treatment procedure；It is deep to imaging according to drilling depth to entire rate pattern if being unsatisfactory for requiring
Degree is corrected, and so that it is coincide with drilling depth, is obtained final rate pattern and carry out pre-stack depth migration.
10. the multiple dimensioned well control modeling of Depth Domain as described in claim 1 and imaging combination treatment method, it is characterised in that：Institute
It is 2 to 4 times of grid bigger than original acquisition grid to state large scale grid, and mesoscale grid is the net as former acquisition mesh scale
Lattice, small scale grid are to acquire the small grid of grid than former.
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| CN110967745A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2020-04-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Depth domain velocity modeling method for igneous rock |
| CN111257932B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-01-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for updating stratum seismic velocity |
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| CN111323811B (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2022-06-03 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Multi-well seismic data imaging method and system |
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| CN105093281B (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2018-06-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of Seismic Multi-wave modeling method under inverting framework |
| CN104570125B (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-09-28 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for improving imaging speed model precision by using well data |
| CN104459798B (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2017-06-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of velocity modeling method based on RTM imagings |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US12123993B2 (en) | 2019-07-31 | 2024-10-22 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Enhancement of seismic data |
| US12123994B2 (en) | 2019-07-31 | 2024-10-22 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Enhancement of seismic data |
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