CN106199704A - A kind of Three-dimendimal fusion submarine cable seismic data velocity modeling method - Google Patents
A kind of Three-dimendimal fusion submarine cable seismic data velocity modeling method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Three-dimendimal fusion submarine cable seismic data velocity modeling method, comprise the following steps: longitudinal wave earthquake road collection and converted wave seismic channel set to submarine cable seismic data carry out early stage process；Carry out compressional wave pre-stack time migration velocity scanning, set up velocity of longitudinal wave model；Carry out shear wave pre-stack time migration velocity scanning, set up shear wave velocity model；Set up P-S wave velocity ratio model and be optimized；Selected velocity modeling control line is carried out converted-wave prestack time migration imaging, obtains control line imaging road collection；Percentage ratio scanning shift is carried out to optimizing P-S wave velocity ratio field；Concentrate preferred optimized percentage coefficient according to three criterions from control line imaging road, form final optimization pass coefficient body；Final optimization pass coefficient body is multiplied by optimization P-S wave velocity ratio field, obtains final P-S wave velocity ratio model；Use velocity of longitudinal wave model, shear wave velocity model and final P-S wave velocity ratio model that the converted wave in whole exploration work area is carried out pre-stack time migration imaging.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Three-dimendimal fusion seismic data velocity modeling method based on pre-stack time migration, especially relate to
And a kind of Three-dimendimal fusion submarine cable seismic data velocity modeling method of equation when walking based on double flat root.
Background technology
Seismic prospecting is the most important means that the mankind obtain the information such as underground structure, plays act foot at petroleum exploration domain light
The effect of weight.In more than the 100 year oil and gas exploration course in past, longitudinal wave exploration has played irreplaceable effect, but along with surveying
That visits gos deep into, and the weak point of tradition longitudinal wave exploration starts to manifest, the sensitivity of such as compressional wave fracture development belt not, containing
Band of gas structure imaging difficulty etc..In this context, multi-wave multicomponent exploration gradually rises, and wherein marine multiwave multicomponent earthquake is surveyed
Visiting generally uses submarine cable (OBC, Ocean Bottom Cable) to be acquired.Compressional wave and converted wave joint exploration are for recognizing
Know geologic objective, raising exploration success ratio is of great importance, and OBC seismic data compressional wave just and the combination of converted waves data
Body.The data volume of OBC seismic data is big, affecting parameters is many, so intractability is relatively big, and wherein the shifting into of OBC seismic data
Seem the key link in OBC seism processing, and the core link of migration imaging is the foundation of rate pattern, so
For OBC seismic data, set up a set of high precision velocity modeling method particularly important.
The center of gravity of OBC seismic data velocity modeling all concentrates in the process of converted wave, has had one both at home and abroad at present
A little methods that converted waves data is carried out velocity modeling, are substantially similar to tradition compressional wave stack velocity analysis process, i.e. based on
HORIZONTAL LAYERED MEDIUM WITH HIGH ACCURACY, it is assumed that use initial model to calculate the position of transfer point, extracts common-conversion point gather；According to converted wave
Common-conversion point gather is done hyperbolic correction by traveltime-distance equation, then carries out converted-wave velocity analysis, utilizes velocity of longitudinal wave and speed
Degree is analyzed the converted wave speed calculation of gained and is obtained new P-S wave velocity ratio field；Using gained model as new initial model weight
Multiple said process, just can complete whole velocity modeling process.Equation approximate Double square root when these methods use single square root to walk
Equation when walking, is only applicable to horizontal weak speed change, constructs relatively simple geological condition, and actual geological condition is the most multiple
Miscellaneous, the using effect causing these methods is not good enough.
Additionally, industry also has a kind of iteration converted wave velocity modeling method based on pre-stack time migration, at the beginning of input
Beginning model carries out pre-stack time migration, and skew road collection is carried out inverse dynamic correction, away from correction when then doing non-double curve, to the road after correction
Collection does converted-wave velocity analysis and obtains converted wave velocity field；Final converted wave velocity field can be obtained through iteration several times, and thus
P-S wave velocity ratio field can be asked.The method needs more man-machine interaction, and the road collection error obtained by inverse dynamic correction is relatively greatly,
The final precision affecting rate pattern.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Three-dimendimal fusion submarine cable seismic data velocity modeling
Method, when using double flat root to walk, equation carries out three parameter pre-stack time migration velocity scannings to each imaging point, is formed altogether
Image gather, forms normal-moveout spectrum according to common imaging gather, sets up rate pattern by disposable pickup velocity spectrum, it is not necessary to
Skew road collection inverse dynamic correction, saves iterative process, it is adaptable to the migration velocity modeling under complicated structure.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes techniques below scheme: a kind of Three-dimendimal fusion submarine cable seismic data
Velocity modeling method, comprises the following steps:
1) longitudinal wave earthquake road collection and converted wave seismic channel set to submarine cable seismic data carry out early stage process, including ground
The denoising of shake road collection, amplitude adjust and radial direction, tangential component rotation processing；
2) the migration imaging equation in time walking based on double flat root inputs the longitudinal wave earthquake road collection number processed through early stage
According to, carry out compressional wave pre-stack time migration velocity scanning, set up velocity of longitudinal wave model；
3) input step 2 in the migration imaging equation in time walking based on double flat root) the velocity of longitudinal wave model that obtains and warp
Cross the converted wave seismic channel set data that early stage processes, carry out shear wave pre-stack time migration velocity scanning, set up shear wave velocity model；
4) set up P-S wave velocity ratio model, and be optimized, obtain optimizing P-S wave velocity ratio model；
5) use step 2) the velocity of longitudinal wave model that obtains, step 3) the shear wave velocity model that obtains and step 4) obtain
Optimize P-S wave velocity ratio model and selected velocity modeling control line is carried out converted-wave prestack time migration imaging, controlled
Line imaging road collection；It is multiplied by different percent coefficient to optimizing P-S wave velocity ratio field, is controlled the percentage ratio scanning of line partially
Move；Preferably go out final optimized percentage coefficient according to three criterions from control line imaging road concentration, form final optimization pass coefficient body；
Optimization P-S wave velocity ratio field is multiplied by this final optimization pass coefficient body, obtains final P-S wave velocity ratio model；
6) use step 2) obtain velocity of longitudinal wave model, step 3) obtain shear wave velocity model and step 5) obtain
Whole P-S wave velocity ratio model carries out pre-stack time migration imaging to the converted wave in whole exploration work area.
Described step 2) in migration imaging equation when walking based on double flat root be:
Image=∫ D (xs,ys,xr,yr, t=t (t0,x,y,ρs,ρr))dxsdysdxrdyr
Wherein,
In formula, Image represents the imaging amplitude of each imaging point of generation；T represents double flat root based on diffraction theory
When walking；t0Represent the two-way time of converted wave；I is expressed as picture point, and its coordinate is (x, y, t0)；vpAnd vsIt is expressed as picture point
Velocity of longitudinal wave and shear wave velocity；ρsAnd ρrRepresent shot point respectively and receive the some distance to imaging point subpoint；z0It is expressed as picture
The degree of depth that point is corresponding；xs,ysRepresent the coordinate of shot point；xr,yrRepresent the coordinate receiving point；D represents earthquake data before superposition.
Described step 2) in set up velocity of longitudinal wave model, specifically include following steps:
1. the shear wave velocity in migration imaging equation when walking is changed into velocity of longitudinal wave based on double flat root；Use interval phase
Deng a series of velocity of longitudinal waves each velocity analysis point is carried out pre-stack time migration, different velocity of longitudinal waves is formed different
Compressional wave imaging road collection；
2. based on compressional wave imaging road collection, velocity of longitudinal wave spectrum is formed according to computing cross-correlation criterion；
3. according to velocity of longitudinal wave spectrum pickup velocity of longitudinal wave, the velocity of longitudinal wave time is formed to text；
4. by the velocity of longitudinal wave time, interpolation formed velocity of longitudinal wave model；
5. the velocity of longitudinal wave model using foundation carries out pre-stack time migration imaging to P wave data, obtains compressional wave and shifts into
As section.
Described step 3) in set up shear wave velocity model, specifically include following steps:
I, use equally spaced a series of shear wave velocity that each velocity analysis point is carried out pre-stack time migration, different
Shear wave velocity forms different converted wave imaging road collection；
II, based on converted wave imaging road collection, form shear wave velocity spectrum according to computing cross-correlation criterion；
III, compose based on shear wave velocity, with reference to step 2) the compressional wave migration imaging section that 5. obtains of step, pickup shear wave
Speed, forms the shear wave velocity time to text；
IV, by the shear wave velocity time interpolation formed shear wave velocity model.
Described step 4) in set up P-S wave velocity ratio model and be optimized, specifically include following steps:
A, use step 2) the velocity of longitudinal wave model that obtains, step 3) the shear wave velocity model that obtains and equally spaced some
Individual constant P-S wave velocity ratio field carries out pre-stack time migration imaging to converted wave, the in length and breadth velocity of wave the most straight by imaging road collection
Degree ratio determines the distribution of each imaging point p-and s-wave velocity ratio of exploration work area；
B, set up initial P-S wave velocity ratio field；
C, to set up initial P-S wave velocity ratio field be multiplied by different percent coefficient, carry out percentage ratio scanning shift；
Preferably go out optimized percentage coefficient according to three criterions from migration imaging road concentration, form optimized coefficients body；By ripple the most in length and breadth
Speed is multiplied by this optimized coefficients body than field, obtains the P-S wave velocity ratio model optimized.
In described step b when work area has well data, find out the relation between ripple root mean sequare velocity in length and breadth according to well data,
Initial P-S wave velocity ratio field is calculated according to the relation between ripple root mean sequare velocity in length and breadth.
In described step b not enough when well data or when there is no well data, in time walking based on double flat root, shift into image space
Input step 2 in journey) obtain velocity of longitudinal wave model, step 3) the shear wave velocity model that obtains and processing through early stage road collection
Converted waves data, carry out pre-stack time migration with each velocity analysis point of equally spaced a series of p-and s-wave velocity comparisons,
Different P-S wave velocity ratio forms different converted wave imaging road collection；P-and s-wave velocity comparison, ginseng is formed based on imaging road collection
According to the distribution of exploration work area each imaging point p-and s-wave velocity ratio that step a obtains, and step 2) step 5.
The compressional wave migration imaging section arrived, sets up initial P-S wave velocity ratio field by P-S wave velocity ratio pickup.
Three criterions in described step c are respectively: one to be that converted wave imaging road collection lineups even up degree maximum, and two are
The compressional wave t of converted wave imaging road collection lineups0Time and the compressional wave t of compressional wave imaging road collection0Time match is best, and three is imaging road
Collection Voice segment degree is the highest.
Due to the fact that and take above technical scheme, it has the advantage that 1, the present invention walks time side based on double flat root
Journey prestack time migration technique, it is not necessary to the approximate processing of single square root equation, is no longer limited by HORIZONTAL LAYERED MEDIUM WITH HIGH ACCURACY hypothesis, is suitable for
Compressional wave, converted wave migration velocity modeling in relatively complicated structure.2, the present invention is based on MVS, it is not necessary to carry out repeatedly
Iteration and man-machine interactive operation, saved human cost, reduces the treatment people impact on result.3, present invention, avoiding into
As the inverse dynamic correction of road collection processes, all operations is based only on pre-stack time migration and processes, and has higher velocity modeling precision.4, originally
Invention takes full advantage of the information such as well data, has higher reliability and improves the probability for the treatment of effeciency.5, the present invention is not
It is only applicable to marine OBC data, the migration velocity under the key issue complicated structure in OBC seism processing can be solved
Modeling, is also applied for marine streamer data and land seismic data.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the inventive method；
Fig. 2 is the ultimate principle figure of three-dimensional multi-wave and multi-component pre-stack time migration based on diffraction theory；
Fig. 3 is Marmousi-II velocity of longitudinal wave illustraton of model；
Fig. 4 is the speed spectrogram that in Fig. 3, pre-stack time migration velocity scanning is formed；
Fig. 5 is the Marmousi-II velocity of longitudinal wave illustraton of model formed based on Fig. 4；
Fig. 6 (a), (b) are to use velocity of longitudinal wave model in true velocity model and Fig. 5 to carry out the result of migration imaging respectively
Comparison diagram；
Fig. 7 is the simple stratified model figure of arteface；
Fig. 8 (a), (b), (c) are to use the inventive method to scan the velocity of longitudinal wave of forward modeling data gained in Fig. 7 respectively
Spectrum, shear wave velocity spectrum and p-and s-wave velocity comparison；
Fig. 9 (a), (b) are to use true velocity model and the rate pattern set up based on Fig. 8 medium velocity spectrum to carry out partially respectively
Move into the Comparative result figure of picture；
Figure 10 (a), (b), (c) are velocity of longitudinal wave, the shear wave speed using the inventive method to set up certain marine OBC data
Degree, P-S wave velocity ratio illustraton of model；
Figure 11 (a), (b) are the results using certain business software and the inventive method respectively to certain marine OBC data imaging
Comparison diagram；
Figure 12 (a), (b) are the results pair using certain business software and the inventive method respectively to another marine data imaging
Than figure.
Detailed description of the invention
With embodiment, the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As it is shown in figure 1, a kind of Three-dimendimal fusion submarine cable seismic data velocity modeling method of the present invention, use double flat
When root is walked, equation carries out three parameter pre-stack time migration velocity scannings to each imaging point, forms common imaging gather, root
Normal-moveout spectrum is formed according to common imaging gather.Comprise the following steps:
1) longitudinal wave earthquake road collection and converted wave seismic channel set to submarine cable seismic data carry out early stage process, mainly enter
The denoising of row seismic channel set, amplitude adjust and R (radially), T (tangentially) component rotation etc. process.
2) the migration imaging equation in time walking based on double flat root inputs the longitudinal wave earthquake road collection number processed through early stage
According to, carry out compressional wave pre-stack time migration velocity scanning, set up velocity of longitudinal wave model.
As in figure 2 it is shown, give the ultimate principle of three-dimensional multi-wave and multi-component pre-stack time migration based on diffraction theory, its
In, S represents shot point；R represents reception point；I is expressed as picture point, and its coordinate is (x, y, t0)；I ' is expressed as the picture point throwing on ground
Shadow position；vpAnd vsIt is expressed as velocity of longitudinal wave and the shear wave velocity of picture point；ρsAnd ρrRepresent shot point respectively and receive point to becoming
The distance of picture point subpoint；z0It is expressed as the degree of depth that picture point is corresponding.Such that it is able to show that the two-way time of converted wave is:
The arbitrarily converted wave of Diffraction Point can be expressed as when walking:
Formula (2) is namely based on equation when the double flat root of diffraction theory is walked, without flat reflector it is assumed that without single square root
Approximate processing, is suitable for more complicated structure situation.
The imaging amplitude of the most each imaging point can be expressed as:
Image=∫ D (xs,ys,xr,yr, t=t (t0,x,y,ρs,ρr))dxsdysdxrdyr (3)
In formula, D represents earthquake data before superposition.
The pre-stack time migration velocity scanning of equation when carrying out walking based on double flat root, it is simply that use a series of speed to go
Do pre-stack time migration, generate imaging road collection, be then based on imaging road collection and form normal-moveout spectrum.
Set up velocity of longitudinal wave model, specifically include following steps:
1. the shear wave velocity in formula (1) and (2) is changed into velocity of longitudinal wave；Use a series of velocity of longitudinal waves that interval is equal
Each velocity analysis point is carried out pre-stack time migration, and different velocity of longitudinal waves forms different compressional wave imaging road collection.So-called
Velocity analysis point refers to several the imaging point positions, ground chosen at equal intervals according to Production requirement.
2. based on compressional wave imaging road collection, velocity of longitudinal wave spectrum is formed according to computing cross-correlation criterion.
3. according to velocity of longitudinal wave spectrum pickup velocity of longitudinal wave, the velocity of longitudinal wave time is formed to text.
4. by the velocity of longitudinal wave time, interpolation formed velocity of longitudinal wave model.
5. the velocity of longitudinal wave model using foundation carries out pre-stack time migration imaging to P wave data, obtains compressional wave and shifts into
As section.
3) input step 2 in the migration imaging equation in time walking based on double flat root) the velocity of longitudinal wave model that obtains and warp
Cross the converted wave seismic channel set data that early stage processes, carry out shear wave pre-stack time migration velocity scanning, set up shear wave velocity model.
Specifically include following steps:
I, use equally spaced a series of shear wave velocity that each velocity analysis point is carried out pre-stack time migration, different
Shear wave velocity forms different converted wave imaging road collection.
II, based on converted wave imaging road collection, form shear wave velocity spectrum according to computing cross-correlation criterion.
III, compose based on shear wave velocity, with reference to step 2) the compressional wave migration imaging section that 5. obtains of step, pickup shear wave
Speed, forms the shear wave velocity time to text.
IV, by the shear wave velocity time interpolation formed shear wave velocity model.
4) set up P-S wave velocity ratio model, be called for short Gamma field model.In the present invention, converted wave double flat root is folded
Velocity of longitudinal wave in front time migration formula is independent with the ratio of shear wave velocity, forms an independent parameter: p-and s-wave velocity
Ratio (Gamma), it constitutes " three speed parameters " together with velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity.
Set up Gamma field model, specifically include following steps:
A, normal Gamma field offset: use step 2) obtain velocity of longitudinal wave model, step 3) the shear wave velocity model that obtains
With several bigger normal Gamma fields of interval carry out pre-stack time migration imaging to converted wave, the most straight by imaging road collection
Gamm value determines the substantially distribution of exploration work area each imaging point Gamma value, and the pickup composed for follow-up Gamma provides ginseng
Examine；
B, set up initial Gamma field.The invention provides two kinds of sides setting up initial P-S wave velocity ratio field (Gamma field)
Method:
The first: when work area has certain well data, find out the pass between ripple root mean sequare velocity in length and breadth according to well data
System, calculates initial Gamma field according to this relation；
The second: when well data little or no well data, in the migration imaging equation in time walking based on double flat root
Input step 2) obtain velocity of longitudinal wave model, step 3) the shear wave velocity model that obtains and through turning that early stage road collection processes
Change wave datum, with equally spaced a series of Gamma, each velocity analysis point is carried out pre-stack time migration, different Gamma
Form different converted wave imaging road collection, form Gamma spectrum, each imaging point Gamma obtained with reference to step a based on imaging road collection
The substantially distribution of value, and step 2) the compressional wave migration imaging section that 5. obtains of step, at the beginning of being set up by Gamma pickup
Beginning Gamma field；
Preferentially utilize the data of ripple in length and breadth and the rock physics rule of well so that model the most quick, the most reliably；When these
When information is difficult to obtain, it is possible to use alternative P-S wave velocity ratio scanning method.
C, optimization Gamma field: different percent coefficient is multiplied by the initial Gamma field set up, carries out percentage ratio scanning
Skew；Preferably go out optimized percentage coefficient according to three criterions from migration imaging road concentration, form optimized coefficients body；Will be initial
Gamma is multiplied by field this optimized coefficients body, i.e. obtains optimizing Gamma field, the P-S wave velocity ratio model namely optimized.
Three criterions are respectively: one to be that converted wave imaging road collection lineups even up degree maximum, and two is converted wave imaging road
The compressional wave t of collection lineups0Time and the compressional wave t of compressional wave imaging road collection0Time match is best, and three is imaging road collection Voice segment degree
The highest.The model with degree of precision can be set up accordingly.
5) use step 2) the velocity of longitudinal wave model that obtains, step 3) the shear wave velocity model that obtains and step 4) obtain
Optimize P-S wave velocity ratio model and selected velocity modeling control line is carried out converted-wave prestack time migration imaging, controlled
Line imaging road collection；It is multiplied by different percent coefficient to optimizing Gamma field, is controlled the percentage ratio scanning shift of line；According to
Three criterions are concentrated from control line imaging road and are preferably gone out final optimized percentage coefficient, form final optimization pass coefficient body；To optimize
Gamma is multiplied by field this final optimization pass coefficient body, obtains final Gamma field, namely final P-S wave velocity ratio model.
6) use step 2) obtain velocity of longitudinal wave model, step 3) obtain shear wave velocity model and step 5) obtain
Whole P-S wave velocity ratio model carries out pre-stack time migration imaging to the converted wave in whole exploration work area.
Several specific embodiment is given below, to verify the present invention a kind of Three-dimendimal fusion submarine cable seismic data
The feasibility of velocity modeling method and effectiveness.
Embodiment one:
As it is shown on figure 3, be Marmousi-II (this II of mamo) velocity of longitudinal wave model, this rate pattern has complicated structure,
Complex lithology, is filled with various fluid, is verifying speed modeling and the international classical model of migration imaging algorithm.Use the present invention
Method carries out MVS to Marmousi-II compressional wave analog data, forms velocity of longitudinal wave spectrum, wherein in model at black line
Corresponding normal-moveout spectrum is as shown in Figure 4.Composing the pickup velocity time pair based on this velocity of longitudinal wave, interpolation forms Marmousi-II and indulges
Velocity model, as shown in Figure 5.As shown in Fig. 6 (a), (b), use true velocity model and Marmousi-II compressional wave speed respectively
Degree model carries out migration imaging, and wherein Fig. 6 (a) is the migration imaging result of true velocity model, and Fig. 6 (b) is for using
The migration imaging of Marmousi-II velocity of longitudinal wave model is results, it can be seen that two imaging results are consistent, it was demonstrated that this
Bright for P wave data velocity modeling and the feasibility of imaging with good accuracy.
Embodiment two:
As it is shown in fig. 7, be the simple stratified model of arteface, this model superficial part is four horizontal reflection coefficient faces, deeply
Layer is the reflection coefficient face of a depression, and whole model scope velocity of longitudinal wave is all 5000m/s, and shear wave velocity is all 2500m/s.
Ad hoc approach forward simulation respectively a set of P wave data and a set of converted waves data is passed through based on this.
As shown in Fig. 8 (a), (b), (c), it is followed successively by use pre-stack time migration velocity scanning of the present invention from left to right and is formed
Velocity of longitudinal wave spectrum, shear wave velocity spectrum and p-and s-wave velocity comparison.By pickup velocity, define P-and S-wave velocity model with
And P-S wave velocity ratio model.As shown in Fig. 9 (a), (b), use true velocity model respectively and use the inventive method to set up
Model carry out migration imaging, it can be seen that the two result is about the same, it was demonstrated that feasible to converted waves data of the present invention
Property.
Embodiment three:
As shown in Figure 10 (a), (b), (c), use the inventive method that certain marine Three-dimendimal fusion OBC data is set up respectively
Velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and P-S wave velocity ratio model.Utilize the model set up that OBC data are carried out pre-stack time migration
Imaging, shown in result such as Figure 11 (b)；Use certain international popular commercial software that same data are carried out velocity modeling and skew simultaneously
Imaging, shown in acquired results such as Figure 11 (a).It can be seen that use the lineups of the inventive method imaging clearly, tomography understands,
Illustrate that the present invention is to the effectiveness of actual OBC converted waves data and practicality；By contrast it is found that result of the present invention is omited
It is better than business software result, is mainly reflected in mid-deep strata imaging the most continuous clear.
Embodiment four:
Use certain business software and the inventive method that another marine Three-dimendimal fusion OBC data are carried out velocity modeling respectively
With pre-stack time migration imaging, result such as Figure 12 (a), (b) are shown.Contrast it is found that the present invention process after imaging effect
Being better than the effect of this business software on the whole, especially at mid-deep strata complicated structure, advantage becomes apparent from.Business software is in the drawings
Three positions indicated can not imaging very well, be presented without lineups or discontinuous seismic event, the present invention then have obvious the most more
Excellent effect.Visible, have the most effectively in terms of present invention OBC converted waves data velocity modeling under processing complicated structure
Property and practicality.The present invention can carry out high precision velocity modeling to complicated structure OBC data.
The various embodiments described above are merely to illustrate the present invention, the structure of the most each parts, arrange position and connected mode etc. thereof
All can be varied from, every equivalents carried out on the basis of technical solution of the present invention and improvement, the most should not arrange
In addition in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a Three-dimendimal fusion submarine cable seismic data velocity modeling method, comprises the following steps:
1) longitudinal wave earthquake road collection and converted wave seismic channel set to submarine cable seismic data carry out early stage process, including seismic channel
The denoising of collection, amplitude adjust and radial direction, tangential component rotation processing；
2) the migration imaging equation in time walking based on double flat root inputs the longitudinal wave earthquake road collection data processed through early stage, enters
Row compressional wave pre-stack time migration velocity scanning, sets up velocity of longitudinal wave model；
3) input step 2 in the migration imaging equation in time walking based on double flat root) the velocity of longitudinal wave model that obtains and through front
The converted wave seismic channel set data that phase processes, carry out shear wave pre-stack time migration velocity scanning, set up shear wave velocity model；
4) set up P-S wave velocity ratio model, and be optimized, obtain optimizing P-S wave velocity ratio model；
5) use step 2) the velocity of longitudinal wave model that obtains, step 3) the shear wave velocity model that obtains and step 4) optimization that obtains
P-S wave velocity ratio model carries out converted-wave prestack time migration imaging to selected velocity modeling control line, obtains control line
As road collection；It is multiplied by different percent coefficient to optimizing P-S wave velocity ratio field, is controlled the percentage ratio scanning shift of line；Root
Preferably go out final optimized percentage coefficient according to three criterions from control line imaging road concentration, form final optimization pass coefficient body；By excellent
Change P-S wave velocity ratio field and be multiplied by this final optimization pass coefficient body, obtain final P-S wave velocity ratio model；
6) use step 2) the velocity of longitudinal wave model that obtains, step 3) obtain shear wave velocity model and step 5) obtain final vertical
Shear wave velocity carries out pre-stack time migration imaging than model to the converted wave in whole exploration work area.
2. a kind of Three-dimendimal fusion submarine cable seismic data velocity modeling method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that
Described step 2) in migration imaging equation when walking based on double flat root be:
Image=∫ D (xs,ys,xr,yr,=t (t0,x,y,ρs,ρr))dxsdysdxrdyr
Wherein,
In formula, Image represents the imaging amplitude of each imaging point of generation；T represents when double flat root based on diffraction theory is walked；
t0Represent the two-way time of converted wave；I is expressed as picture point, and its coordinate is (x, y, t0)；vpAnd vsIt is expressed as the compressional wave of picture point
Speed and shear wave velocity；ρsAnd ρrRepresent shot point respectively and receive the some distance to imaging point subpoint；z0It is expressed as picture point corresponding
The degree of depth；xs,ysRepresent the coordinate of shot point；xr,yrRepresent the coordinate receiving point；D represents earthquake data before superposition.
3. a kind of Three-dimendimal fusion submarine cable seismic data velocity modeling method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that
Described step 2) in set up velocity of longitudinal wave model, specifically include following steps:
1. the shear wave velocity in migration imaging equation when walking is changed into velocity of longitudinal wave based on double flat root；Use interval equal
A series of velocity of longitudinal waves carry out pre-stack time migration to each velocity analysis point, and different velocity of longitudinal waves forms different compressional waves
Imaging road collection；
2. based on compressional wave imaging road collection, velocity of longitudinal wave spectrum is formed according to computing cross-correlation criterion；
3. according to velocity of longitudinal wave spectrum pickup velocity of longitudinal wave, the velocity of longitudinal wave time is formed to text；
4. by the velocity of longitudinal wave time, interpolation formed velocity of longitudinal wave model；
5. the velocity of longitudinal wave model using foundation carries out pre-stack time migration imaging to P wave data, obtains compressional wave migration imaging and cuts open
Face.
4. a kind of Three-dimendimal fusion submarine cable seismic data velocity modeling method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that
Described step 3) in set up shear wave velocity model, specifically include following steps:
I, use equally spaced a series of shear wave velocity that each velocity analysis point is carried out pre-stack time migration, different shear waves
Speed forms different converted wave imaging road collection；
II, based on converted wave imaging road collection, form shear wave velocity spectrum according to computing cross-correlation criterion；
III, compose based on shear wave velocity, with reference to step 2) the compressional wave migration imaging section that 5. obtains of step, pickup shear wave velocity,
Form the shear wave velocity time to text；
IV, by the shear wave velocity time interpolation formed shear wave velocity model.
5. a kind of Three-dimendimal fusion submarine cable seismic data velocity modeling method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that
Described step 4) in set up P-S wave velocity ratio model and be optimized, specifically include following steps:
A, use step 2) the velocity of longitudinal wave model that obtains, step 3) the shear wave velocity model that obtains and equally spaced several are normal
Number P-S wave velocity ratio field carries out pre-stack time migration imaging to converted wave, the P-S wave velocity ratio the most straight by imaging road collection
Value determines the distribution of each imaging point p-and s-wave velocity ratio of exploration work area；
B, set up initial P-S wave velocity ratio field；
C, to set up initial P-S wave velocity ratio field be multiplied by different percent coefficient, carry out percentage ratio scanning shift；According to
Three criterions are concentrated from migration imaging road and are preferably gone out optimized percentage coefficient, form optimized coefficients body；By initial p-and s-wave velocity
It is multiplied by this optimized coefficients body than field, obtains the P-S wave velocity ratio model optimized.
6. a kind of Three-dimendimal fusion submarine cable seismic data velocity modeling method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that
Described step 4) in set up P-S wave velocity ratio model and be optimized, specifically include following steps:
A, use step 2) the velocity of longitudinal wave model that obtains, step 3) the shear wave velocity model that obtains and equally spaced several are normal
Number P-S wave velocity ratio field carries out pre-stack time migration imaging to converted wave, the P-S wave velocity ratio the most straight by imaging road collection
Value determines the distribution of each imaging point p-and s-wave velocity ratio of exploration work area；
B, set up initial P-S wave velocity ratio field；
C, to set up initial P-S wave velocity ratio field be multiplied by different percent coefficient, carry out percentage ratio scanning shift；According to
Three criterions are concentrated from migration imaging road and are preferably gone out optimized percentage coefficient, form optimized coefficients body；By initial p-and s-wave velocity
It is multiplied by this optimized coefficients body than field, obtains the P-S wave velocity ratio model optimized.
7. a kind of Three-dimendimal fusion submarine cable seismic data velocity modeling method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that
In described step b when work area has well data, find out the relation between ripple root mean sequare velocity in length and breadth according to well data, according in length and breadth
Relation between ripple root mean sequare velocity calculates initial P-S wave velocity ratio field.
8. a kind of Three-dimendimal fusion submarine cable seismic data velocity modeling method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that
In described step b not enough when well data or when there is no well data, the migration imaging equation in time walking based on double flat root inputs
Step 2) obtain velocity of longitudinal wave model, step 3) the shear wave velocity model that obtains and the converted wave processed through early stage road collection
Data, carry out pre-stack time migration with each velocity analysis point of equally spaced a series of p-and s-wave velocity comparisons, and different is vertical
Shear wave velocity is than forming different converted wave imaging road collection；Form p-and s-wave velocity comparison based on imaging road collection, obtain with reference to step a
The distribution of exploration work area each imaging point p-and s-wave velocity ratio arrived, and step 2) the compressional wave that 5. obtains of step inclined
Move imaging section, set up initial P-S wave velocity ratio field by P-S wave velocity ratio pickup.
9. a kind of Three-dimendimal fusion submarine cable seismic data velocity modeling method as described in claim 5 or 6, its feature exists
In, three criterions in described step c respectively: one to be that converted wave imaging road collection lineups even up degree maximum, two is conversion
The compressional wave t of ripple imaging road collection lineups0Time and the compressional wave t of compressional wave imaging road collection0Time match is best, and three is imaging road collection energy
Amount degree of focus is the highest.
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