CN107385066B - 检测egfr基因突变的引物对、试剂盒、检测方法及应用 - Google Patents
检测egfr基因突变的引物对、试剂盒、检测方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种检测EGFR基因突变的引物对、试剂盒、检测方法及应用。所述引物对共有三对,分别用于检测EGFR基因S492R突变、G465E突变和G465R突变。本发明方法采用ARMS PCR原理,Taq DNA聚合酶缺少3’‑5’外切酶活性,PCR引物的3’末端的错配会导致产物的急剧减少,通过设计特异性引物,使其扩增受野生型模板阻滞,从而达到检测突变型的目的。使用本发明引物对通过荧光定量PCR方法来检测EGFR基因耐药性突变,操作简单,可以仅通过液体活检得出准确结果,灵敏度高,可以检测1%含量的突变。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物检测技术领域,特别是涉及检测EGFR基因突变的引物对、试剂盒、检测方法及应用。
背景技术
EGFR蛋白是一种跨膜酪氨酸激酶受体,是蛋白激酶超家族的成员之一(ERBB1),由胞外配体结合域,跨膜区以及胞内酪氨酸激酶域构成,该激酶受体的激活,在肿瘤细胞增殖、生长的信号传递中起重要作用。EGFR基因过表达或者其胞外域和激酶域上的突变与许多肿瘤的发生发展有关,包括非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC),结直肠癌(CRC),头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)和胰腺癌。蛋白激酶抑制剂(TKIs)如吉非替尼、厄洛替尼、拉帕替尼等小分子靶向药物在肿瘤临床治疗上得到了广泛应用,但是耐药性问题日益突出。此外,单克隆抗体通过阻断EGFR胞外区与配体的结合或阻断EGFR二聚化,从而阻断下游信号的传导,是癌症治疗的另一类靶向治疗药物。
目前FDA批准的针对EGFR靶点的单抗药物有西妥昔单抗(cetuximab,Erbitux)和帕尼单抗(panitumumab,Vectibix),其适应症为转移性结直肠癌,使用时要求患者不带有KRAS基因突变,否则会导致耐药。然而,近几年,不少研究指出,带有野生型KRAS基因的转移性结直肠癌患者,经过西妥昔单抗的治疗,仍出现了耐药现象。EGFR基因突变S492R阻碍了西妥昔与EGFR的结合,但不阻碍EGF与EGFR结合,从而对西妥昔形成耐药。另外,许多研究也表明,EGFR基因突变G465E,G465R对西妥昔单抗和帕尼单抗均有耐药现象。因此,对这些耐药性突变进行检测,在转移性结直肠癌的临床治疗上十分必要。
近年来,液体活检已成为癌症早期筛查与诊断领域中的研究热点。患者血液中含有游离DNA(cell-free DNA,cfDNA),主要来源于细胞的凋亡、坏死和分泌。血液cfDNA水平反映各种生理和病理过程,癌症患者cfDNA的含量与肿瘤的大小和分期有关,其中来源于肿瘤细胞的cfDNA(ctDNA)携带基因突变相关信息,可作为一种肿瘤标志物。液体活检克服了肿瘤组织取样有创伤,且受肿瘤部位、大小、患者情况限制的问题,可在疾病进程中随时获取,取样方便、微创。可以在患者进行治疗的过程中实时监测肿瘤基因突变状况,提供预后评价的依据,同时也对肿瘤复发和转移状况进行实时跟踪并指导治疗。目前对cfDNA进行基因突变检测方法主要有数字PCR和二代测序(NGS),但是数字PCR对操作人员和环境有较高要求,二代测序则处于积累数据和经验的阶段,且二者成本均过高。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足,提供了一种检测EGFR基因突变的引物对、试剂盒、检测方法及应用,能够有效检测出EGFR基因相关耐药性突变位点,且可以以血浆来源DNA为检测样本进行液体活检,取样方便、微创、灵敏度高、成本低。
引物对,包括上游引物和下游引物,核苷酸序列为以下三对引物中的任意一对或组合:
本发明又提供了所述的引物对在制备检测EGFR基因突变的试剂盒中的应用。
引物对1用于检测EGFR基因S492R突变;引物对2用于检测EGFR基因G465E突变;引物对3用于检测EGFR基因G465R突变。
本发明又提供了一种用于检测EGFR基因突变的试剂盒,包含所述的引物对。
所述的试剂盒,还包括染料SYBR、ROX及阳性对照质粒或阳性对照基因片段,
所述阳性对照质粒为:包含野生型EGFR基因序列的质粒、包含EGFR基因S492R突变的质粒、包含EGFR基因G465E突变的质粒和包含EGFR基因G465R突变的质粒;
所述阳性对照基因片段为:包含野生型EGFR基因序列的基因片段、包含EGFR基因S492R突变的基因片段、包含EGFR基因G465E突变的基因片段和包含EGFR基因G465R突变的基因片段。
所述检测样本为血浆。通过提取血浆中的cfDNA,其片段大小平均约160bp,且携带肿瘤来源的相关突变信息,可以作为检测对象对EGFR耐药性突变进行检测,取样方便、微创。当然检测样本为其他类型,比如组织样本等也是可以使用本发明试剂盒进行检测的。
本发明还提供了一种非医学诊断为目的的检测EGFR基因突变的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)提取待检测样本DNA作为模板,利用所述的引物对进行荧光定量PCR反应;
(2)根据步骤(1)所得荧光信号数据判断待检测样本是否存在相应突变,如果存在突变,将荧光信号数据代入标准曲线中,计算出突变的比例。
所述标准曲线由以下方法获得:
先配制标准品,经荧光定量PCR检测获得荧光信号数据,由标准品的浓度、比例与相应的荧光信号数据获得标准曲线,
所述标准品由以下方法配制:将含有野生型EGFR基因序列的质粒与含有相应突变位点的EGFR突变基因序列的质粒按不同比例的拷贝数混合制得,或者将含有野生型EGFR基因序列的基因片段与含有相应突变位点的EGFR突变基因序列的基因片段按不同比例的拷贝数混合制得。本发明经实验验证发现,以用于制备标准曲线的阳性对照样本,无论以质粒形式或者片段形式存在,都是可行的。
所述待检测样本为血浆,提取血浆的cfDNA作为模板。
本发明还提供了所述的方法在药物耐药性研究中的应用。
本发明方法采用ARMS PCR原理,Taq DNA聚合酶缺少3’-5’外切酶活性,PCR引物的3’末端的错配会导致产物的急剧减少,通过设计特异性引物,使其扩增受野生型模板阻滞,从而达到检测突变型的目的。使用本发明引物对通过ARMS-荧光定量PCR方法来检测EGFR基因耐药性突变,操作简单,灵敏度高,可以检测1%含量的突变。
附图说明
图1为实施例3中EGFR基因S492R突变质粒的标准曲线图。
图2为实施例3中EGFR基因G465E突变质粒的标准曲线图。
图3为实施例3中EGFR基因G465R突变质粒的标准曲线图。
图4为实施例4中EGFR基因S492R突变片段化后的标准曲线图。
图5为实施例4中EGFR基因G465E突变片段化后的标准曲线图。
图6为实施例4中EGFR基因G465R突变片段化后的标准曲线图。
图7为实施例4中EGFR基因S492R突变片段化后的扩增曲线图。
图8为实施例4中EGFR基因G465E突变片段化后的扩增曲线图。
图9为实施例4中EGFR基因G465R突变片段化后的扩增曲线图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
根据EGFR基因序列(转录号ENST00000275493.6,数据来源于ensemble数据库)及S492R、G465E、G465R三个突变,分别设计用于检测各个突变点的引物,并由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成。
(1)检测EGFR基因S492R突变的引物为:
上游引物:AACTGGAAAAAACTGTTTGGGAC(SEQ ID NO.1),
下游引物:GCTGTTTTCACCTCTGTTGAG(SEQ ID NO.2)。
扩增片段序列为:
AACTGGAAAAAACTGTTTGGGACCTCCGGTCAGAAAACCAAAATTATACTCAACAGAGGTGAAAACAGC(SEQ ID NO.6),片段大小为69bp。
(2)检测EGFR基因G465E突变的引物为:
上游引物:GTGATGGAGATGTGATAATTTCATA(SEQ ID NO.3),
下游引物:CTGTTGCTTATAATTTTGGTTTTCTGAC(SEQ ID NO.4)。
扩增片段序列为:
GTGATGGAGATGTGATAATTTCATAAAACAAAAATTTGTGCTATGCAAATACAATAAACTGGAAAAAACTGTTTGGGACCTCCGGTCAGAAAACCAAAATTATAAGCAACAG(SEQ ID NO.7),片段大小为112bp。
(3)检测EGFR基因G465R突变的引物为:
上游引物:TGATGGAGATGTGATAATTTCTA(SEQ ID NO.5),
下游引物:CTGTTGCTTATAATTTTGGTTTTCTGAC(SEQ ID NO.4)。
扩增片段序列为:
TGATGGAGATGTGATAATTTCTAGAAACAAAAATTTGTGCTATGCAAATACAATAAACTGGAAAAAACTGTTTGGGACCTCCGGTCAGAAAACCAAAATTATAAGCAACAG(SEQ ID NO.8),片段大小为111bp。
实施例2
标准质粒构建。
(1)包含野生型EGFR基因序列的质粒:EGFR全长基因序列由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成,其中EGFR基因胞外区(EGFR ECD,为EGFR全长基因的330bp~2192bp)序列被构建入pMD19-T载体,命名为pMD19-T-EGFR。
(2)包含EGFR基因S492R突变的质粒:以上述pMD19-T-EGFR质粒为模板,通过点突变PCR引入S492R点突变,点突变引物如下:
上游引物:CGGTCAGAAAACCAAAATTATACGCAACAGAGGTGAAAACAGCT(SEQ ID NO.9),
下游引物:AGCTGTTTTCACCTCTGTTGCGTATAATTTTGGTTTTCTGACCG(SEQ ID NO.10)。
点突变结果经生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司测序验证正确,所得质粒命名为pMD19-T-EGFR-S492R。
(3)包含EGFR基因G465E突变的质粒:以上述pMD19-T-EGFR质粒为模板,通过点突变PCR引入G465E点突变,点突变引物如下:
上游引物:GAGATGTGATAATTTCAGAAAACAAAAATTTGTGCTATGC(SEQ ID NO.11),
下游引物:GCATAGCACAAATTTTTGTTTTCTGAAATTATCACATCTC(SEQ ID NO.12)。
点突变结果经生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司测序验证正确,所得质粒命名为pMD19-T-EGFR-G465E。
(4)包含EGFR基因G465R突变的质粒:以上述pMD19-T-EGFR质粒为模板,通过点突变PCR引入G465R点突变,点突变引物如下:
上游引物:GAGATGTGATAATTTCAAGAAACAAAAATTTGTGCTATGC(SEQ ID NO.13),
下游引物:GCATAGCACAAATTTTTGTTTCTTGAAATTATCACATCTC(SEQ ID NO.14)。
点突变结果经生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司测序验证正确,所得质粒命名为pMD19-T-EGFR-G465R。
实施例3
取pMD19-T-EGFR质粒和pMD19-T-EGFR-S492R质粒,用ddH2O稀释,突变型质粒与野生型质粒以拷贝数按比例混合,配成突变型/(野生型+突变型)分别为0、0.001、0.005、0.01、0.03、0.05、0.1、1的模板,将质粒标准品的5×105拷贝数DNA作为参考样品。
取pMD19-T-EGFR质粒和pMD19-T-EGFR-G465E质粒,用ddH2O稀释,突变型质粒与野生型质粒按拷贝数按比例混合,配成突变型/(野生型+突变型)分别为0、0.001、0.01、0.05、0.1、1的模板,将质粒标准品的1.6×105拷贝数DNA作为参考样品。
取pMD19-T-EGFR质粒和pMD19-T-EGFR-G465R质粒,用ddH2O稀释,突变型质粒与野生型质粒按拷贝数按比例混合,配成突变型/(野生型+突变型)分别为0、0.001、0.005、0.01、0.03、0.05、0.1、1的模板,将质粒标准品的1.6×105拷贝数DNA作为参考样品。
以上述配成的不同比例的EGFR基因野生型质粒和突变型质粒的模板为检测样本(模板),分别采用实施例1中设计的分别用于检测各个突变位点的引物来进行检测,制作标准曲线。
反应体系:
其中,SYBR premix Ex Taq为TaKaRa公司的预混的荧光定量PCR试剂,内含TaKaRaEx Taq HS,dNTP Mixture,Mg2+,Tli RNaseH,SYBR Green I。
对已知突变量的标准品进行关于EGFR基因的S492R、G465E、G465R突变的实时荧光定量PCR的检测,建立标准曲线,根据标准曲线及荧光扩增信号判断基因突变是否存在及突变量。
EGFR基因S492R突变检测的PCR扩增及信号收集程序如下:
第一阶段95℃ 30s,第二阶段95℃ 5s,第三阶段62℃ 20s,第二阶段和第三阶段循环40次。荧光信号收集:第三阶段62℃时收集荧光信号。
EGFR基因G465E突变检测的PCR扩增及信号收集程序如下:
第一阶段95℃ 30s,第二阶段95℃ 5s,第三阶段62~63℃ 20s,第二阶段和第三阶段循环40次。荧光信号收集:第三阶段62~63℃时收集荧光信号。
EGFR基因G465R突变检测的PCR扩增及信号收集程序如下:
第一阶段95℃ 30s,第二阶段95℃ 5s,第三阶段62~63℃ 20s,第二阶段和第三阶段循环40次。荧光信号收集:第三阶段62~63℃时收集荧光信号。
仪器选用Applied Biosystems的StepOnePlus荧光定量PCR仪,样品检测同时进行三管反应。
结果如图1所示,EGFR基因S492R突变的检测灵敏度达到0.1%,R2为0.9907,斜率为-1.0164,截距为13.513;如图2所示,EGFR基因G465E突变的检测灵敏度达到0.1%,R2为0.9914,斜率为-0.8253,截距为15.555;如图3所示,EGFR基因G465R突变的检测灵敏度达到0.1%,R2为0.9752,斜率为-0.944,截距为16.761。此结果显示本发明的技术方案建立的标准曲线的R2>0.9604,即符合肿瘤个体化治疗检测技术指南的要求(线性∣r∣≥0.98)。
实施例4
EGFR野生型基因组来源于H460细胞株,用AXYGEN试剂盒(AxyPrep MultisourceGenomic DNA Miniprep Kit)提取基因组。EGFR野生型基因组、pMD19-T-EGFR-S492R质粒、pMD19-T-EGFR-G465E质粒、pMD19-T-EGFR-G465R质粒分别用超声破碎仪随机打断,至DNA片段长度接近cfDNA长度(160bp左右)。
将片段化的H460细胞株基因组作为野生型DNA片段,片段化的突变型质粒作为突变型DNA片段。
取野生型DNA片段和EGFR基因S492R突变型DNA片段,用ddH2O稀释,突变型DNA片段与野生型DNA片段以拷贝数按比例混合,配成突变型/(野生型+突变型)分别为0、0.01、0.03、0.05、0.1、1的模板,将5×105拷贝数的片段化DNA作为参考样品。
取野生型DNA片段和EGFR基因G465E突变型DNA片段,用ddH2O稀释,突变型DNA片段与野生型DNA片段以拷贝数按比例混合,配成突变型/(野生型+突变型)分别为0、0.005、0.01、0.03、0.05、0.1、1的模板,将1.6×105拷贝数的片段化DNA作为参考样品。
取野生型DNA片段和EGFR基因G465R突变型DNA片段,用ddH2O稀释,突变型DNA片段与野生型DNA片段以拷贝数按比例混合,配成突变型/(野生型+突变型)分别为0、0.005、0.01、0.03、0.05、0.1、1的模板,将1.6×105拷贝数的片段化DNA作为参考样品。
以上述配成的不同拷贝数比例的EGFR野生型基因组片段化DNA和突变型片段化质粒DNA的模板为检测样本,
分别采用实施例1中设计的分别用于检测各个突变位点的引物来进行检测,制作标准曲线。样品检测平行三份。
反应体系及实验步骤同实施例3。
结果分析:
使用片段化野生型DNA和片段化突变型DNA模拟cfDNA的体系。
如图4所示,EGFR基因S492R突变的检测灵敏度达到1%,R2为0.9683,斜率为-2.1861,截距为3.8772;如图5所示EGFR基因G465E突变的检测灵敏度达到0.5%,R2为0.9712,斜率为-1.5032,截距为10.466;如图6所示EGFR基因G465R突变的检测灵敏度达到0.5%,R2为0.9724,斜率为-1.7816,截距为3.9649。此结果显示本发明的技术方案建立的标准曲线R2>0.9604,即符合肿瘤个体化治疗检测技术指南的要求(线性∣r∣≥0.98)。从扩增曲线(图7、图8、图9)可以看出EGFR基因S492R、G465E、G465R突变的检测技术方案特异性良好。
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Claims (2)
1.一种非医学诊断为目的的检测EGFR基因突变的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)提取待检测样本DNA作为模板,利用引物对进行荧光定量PCR反应;
所述引物对包括上游引物和下游引物,核苷酸序列为以下三对引物中的任意一对或组合:
(2)根据步骤(1)所得荧光信号数据判断待检测样本是否存在相应突变,如果存在突变,将荧光信号数据代入标准曲线中,计算出突变的比例,
所述标准曲线由以下方法获得:
先配制标准品,经荧光定量PCR检测获得荧光信号数据,由标准品的浓度、比例与相应的荧光信号数据获得标准曲线,
所述标准品由以下方法配制:将含有野生型EGFR基因序列的质粒与含有相应突变位点的EGFR突变基因序列的质粒按不同比例的拷贝数混合制得,或者将含有野生型EGFR基因序列的基因片段与含有相应突变位点的EGFR突变基因序列的基因片段按不同比例的拷贝数混合制得,
所述待检测样本为血浆,提取血浆的cfDNA作为模板。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法在药物耐药性研究中的应用。
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