CN107383927B - 一种叠氮吲哚二甲川菁染料分子及应用 - Google Patents
一种叠氮吲哚二甲川菁染料分子及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种叠氮吲哚二甲川菁染料分子及应用,本发明的叠氮吲哚二甲川菁染料以吲哚二甲川菁染料为核心骨架,在吲哚的氮原子上引入了含有酯键和叠氮基团的侧链。本发明所述的叠氮吲哚二甲川菁染料具有细胞膜通透性,可用于蛋白质检测,活细胞染色,以及基于细菌内酯酶活性判断细菌的生存状态,选择性抑制死细菌在反应中的扩增,从而达到对活细菌快速定量检测的目的。本发明染料分子在活菌检测方面更具应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物领域,涉及一种适用于细胞染色、活菌检测的分子的结构及其在细菌检测技术中的应用。
背景技术
WHO报告表明,全球每年发生40~60亿例食源性疾病,其中约70%是因生物源性污染食品所致。目前世界公认的能引起食源性疾病的重要致病菌,如广泛存在于奶制品、蔬菜、水产品、肉制品等中的沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单增李斯特菌、大肠杆菌0157、志贺氏菌等,是影响食品安全的重要因素。微生物以多种生理状态存在:可培养的活菌,处于非可培养状态的活菌(Viable but Non-culturable,VBNC),具有完整结构但无生物活性的死菌(“Ghosts”)以及膜损伤死菌。只有“活菌”才保留有原菌的毒力和致病性,对食品安全造成潜在的威胁,而经过高温、紫外线等各种途径灭活处理的细菌已丧失了其致病性,因此食源性致病菌检验的关键是食品中“活”的致病菌是否存在和准确定量。
目前用于区别活菌和死菌的标准主要有是否可培养,是否有代谢活性以及细胞膜是否完整。分离培养法对于活的非可培养状态的细菌会出现漏检。活菌EMA/PMA-PCR检测技术是近年来迅速兴起的一种高特异性,高灵敏度的核酸检测方法。检测依据是EMA和PMA都没有细胞膜通透性,EMA和PMA只能渗入膜损伤的细胞,与DNA发生共价结合,从而抑制膜损伤细胞中DNA在反应中的扩增。有研究显示,对于一些可逆性的部分膜损伤细胞(如存在于环境样本中的细菌),染料仍有可能穿透细胞膜,造成不同程度的活菌DNA损失,产生假阴性结果。另外,对于紫外线灭菌法、冷冻灭菌法等不直接作用于细胞膜的灭菌方法,也不能采用基于EMA或PMA的活菌PCR方法来评估灭菌方法的效果,否则会造成活细胞数目的高估。所以,细胞膜损伤可能是细菌死亡的一种极端表现形式,以细胞膜的完整性作为区分活菌和死菌的检测标准仍有缺陷,因此需要提出一种更科学的区分标准。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种基于细菌酯酶活性检测活菌数量的叠氮吲哚二甲川菁染料分子(简称IDA)及应用。所述的叠氮吲哚二甲川菁染料分子具有细胞膜通透性,不仅可以进入死细胞内,还可以进入活细胞内,该染料分子进入细胞后,在活细胞中细菌酯酶可以水解染料分子上的酯键从而使叠氮基团脱落,在死细胞中酯酶无活性导致叠氮基团无法脱落而与DNA分子发生交联从而抑制死细胞中DNA的扩增,达到检测活菌的目的。
本发明目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种叠氮吲哚二甲川菁染料分子,该分子结构包括:结合基团、酶标基团、交联基团以及连接部位四部分。分子结构如下:
上述叠氮吲哚二甲川菁染料分子用于细胞的快速荧光染色以及活菌含量检测。
本发明叠氮吲哚二甲川菁染料分子合成方法简单,原料廉价易得,合成路线如下:
化合物3由化合物1与溴乙酸叔丁酯反应得到;先用四氢呋喃溶解化合物1,然后在0℃下加入NaH后搅拌30min再逐滴加入溴乙酸叔丁酯,用乙酸乙酯萃取后,经过干燥、过滤、蒸发后即可得到化合物3。
化合物6由化合物3与化合物5反应得到;化合物5由乙醇溶解化合物4后加入CH3I在85℃下搅拌过夜后浓缩、纯化后得到。用乙醇溶解化合物3和化合物5加入一滴哌啶,反应物过夜回流后得到化合物6。
化合物7由化合物6加入浓盐酸过夜搅拌回流,LCMS显示反应完全后,经过过滤、洗涤、干燥后得到。
化合物8在二氯甲烷和二甲基甲酰胺的催化下由化合物7和乙二酰氯在室温下反应得到。
目标化合物以二氯甲烷为溶剂,加入化合物8和2-叠氮乙醇在室温条件下搅拌过夜,经过过滤、洗涤、干燥后得到,目标化合物为红色固体。
本发明涉及的叠氮吲哚二甲川菁染料分子结构通过连接部位将交联基团、酶标基团和结合基团连接起来,形成一种可自由穿透细胞膜、对酯酶活性敏感、具有交联作用的分子。结合基团的作用是使分子可以自由穿透细胞膜,故分子能够进入所有细胞。本发明所述分子的结合基团为吲哚二甲川菁分子,是良好的DNA荧光探针。酶标基团中的酯键的一端与交联基团相连,另一端通过连接部位与结合基团连接起来。由于酶标基团中的酯键对生物酯酶活性敏感,在酯酶水解作用下酯键断裂,结合基团与交联基团可相互分离。这也是本发明涉及的分子结构的关键部分。交联基团在光照下与核酸共价结合后可抑制核酸在反应中的扩增。在活性细胞内,当分子中的酯键被酶解断裂时,交联基团从分子上脱落;反之,在无活性的细胞内,交联基团不会脱落,在可见光的作用下与共价交联形成共价化合物,抑制后续扩增。而多余的游离状态的分子,其交联基团因在可见光作用下与水反应生成羟胺而被钝化。因此,将以本发明提供的分子与定量技术联合起来,建立新型活菌检测技术来区分活、死菌,将依赖于细胞体内的酯酶活性,而不是细胞膜完整性,将可比以往的活菌检测技术更准确。
与现有技术比,本发明具有以下优点和技术效果:
(1)在不影响分子结合基团功能的前提下,本发明染料的结合基团为二甲川菁染料,该阳离子染料通过自身的正电性和DNA双螺旋结构中的磷酸骨架产生静电作用,使染料甲川链旋转的自由度降低,导致染料的荧光强度增强,荧光显微镜下的染色效果更好。
(2)试验表明,IDA分子能有效穿透细菌壁膜,并与核酸有良好的结合能力,用脂肪酶对IDA进行水解,水解率高达96%。
(3)本发明结合基团增加了一个苯环,增强了染料分子的刚性,试验表明,在PCR过程中能更好地抑制死菌DNA的扩增,经IDA分子处理的死菌DNA比未经IDA分子处理的死菌DNA增加的Ct值高达16,本发明对活菌DNA扩增的影响更小,经IDA分子处理的活菌DNA比未经IDA分子处理的活菌DNA的Ct值相差低至0.6。可见,改良后的IDA分子,不但保留了原有分子关键功能特性,酯酶降解率更高,在对活菌影响很小的基础上能够更好地抑制死菌的扩增,可应用于活菌检测结果更准确。
(4)分子结构改进后的IDA分子从合成技术上分析,连接部位烷基长度为C1,能大大降低分子在合成过程中产生同分异构体的几率,从而提高得率,降低制备过程中因同分异构体造成的损耗。
附图说明
图1是标注各基团位置的叠氮吲哚二甲川菁染料分子的化学结构图。
图2是用10μg/mL浓度的IDA分子与金黄色葡萄球菌混合孵育后的荧光显微镜图像。
图3是IDA分子的降解率随脂肪酶用量的变化情况图。
图4是不同浓度的IDA分子分别对三种菌的活、死菌混合菌液的DNA在PCR反应中扩增的效果图,从左到右分别代表金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌O157以及沙门氏菌。
图5是经过IDA和没有经过IDA处理的金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌O157以及沙门氏菌活菌DNA的PCR反应结果图。
图6是经过IDA和没有经过IDA处理的金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌O157以及沙门氏菌死菌DNA的PCR反应结果图。
图7是经过IDA和没有经过IDA处理的金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌O157以及沙门氏菌活、死混合菌DNA的PCR反应结果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的描述,但本发明不限于此。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件,如过滤、旋转蒸发、纯化柱纯化等。
实施例1
一种叠氮吲哚二甲川菁染料分子(IDA),其制备方法如下:
具体制备步骤如下:
化合物3的制备:
1.0g化合物1用10mL四氢呋喃溶解后加入0.3g NaH,在0℃下搅拌30min,继续在0℃下逐滴加入1.48g溴乙酸叔丁酯,反应混合物温度升至室温后搅拌1h。薄层色谱法显示反应完全后,加入盐水淬灭反应后用乙酸乙酯萃取。用盐水洗涤有机层,用Na2SO4干燥后,过滤、蒸发得到粗物质。粗物质用PE(磷酸盐缓冲液)洗涤后干燥后得到浅黄色的固体,产率67%。
化合物5的制备:
1.0g化合物4用100mL乙醇溶解在密封管中,加入7.1g MeI,混合后在85℃下搅拌过夜。液相色谱法显示反应完全后,用硅胶柱层析法(DCM/MeOH=10/1~CAN乙腈/H2O=10/1)将反应混合物浓缩、纯化后得到5.0g浅黄色固体,产率51%。化合物的结构经过高效液相色谱法表征。
LCMS:(M+1)+=164.2,Rt=2.5min.HPLC:95%,Rt=4.777min。
化合物6的制备:
1.0g化合物3和1.0g化合物5用50mL乙醇溶解,加入1滴哌啶催化。混合物过夜搅拌回流。液相色谱法显示反应完全后,将反应混合物过滤,用乙醇洗涤后干燥得到1.3g红色固体,产率71%。化合物的结构经过高效液相色谱法表征。
LCMS:(M)+=405.2,Rt=3.9min.HPLC:97%,Rt=5.215min。
化合物7的制备:
1.3g化合物6用100mL浓盐酸制成悬浮液过夜搅拌回流。液相色谱法显示反应完全后,将反应混合物过滤,用乙醇洗涤后干燥得到1.1g红色固体,产率94%。化合物的结构经过高效液相色谱法表征。
LCMS:(M+1)+=349.2,Rt=3.4min。
化合物8的制备:
150mg化合物7用50mL二氯甲烷溶解后加入12mL乙二酰氯,再加入一滴二甲基甲酰胺作为催化剂,混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。液相色谱法显示反应完全后(甲醇淬灭反应),将反应混合物浓缩后得到红色固体直接用与下一步合成终产物。
目标化合物的制备:
150mg化合物8用240mL二氯甲烷溶解后加入4mL 2-叠氮基乙醇。反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。液相色谱法显示反应完全后,过滤,用二氯甲烷洗涤后干燥得到红色固体,产率58%。
IDA分子结构如图1所示。其相对分子质量为418.2。IDA常温下为红色固体,微溶于水,在二氯甲烷,乙酸乙酯中不能全溶,易溶于二甲基亚砜,在甲醇乙腈中不稳定。其液相色谱鉴定结果如下:LCMS:(M+1)+=418.2,Rt=3.6min.HPLC:96%,Rt=4.82min.1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.51–8.44(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),8.43(s,1H),8.36(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),8.31(m,1H),8.18(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.86–7.77(m,1H),7.71(m,1H),7.64(m,1H),7.57(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),7.43–7.35(m,2H),5.43(s,2H),4.31(m,5H),3.66–3.59(m,1H)。
实施例2
对实施例1得到的染料进行细菌胞膜的穿透性试验。取500μL金黄色葡萄球菌菌悬液于1.5mL离心管中,4000g离心5min,等体积无菌水重悬。菌液中加入用DMSO溶解的0.5mg/mL的IDA工作液1μL使菌液中IDA终浓度为10μg/mL,充分混匀后,于室温下暗处孵育10min。将离心管水平放置于冰上,于650W的卤钨灯下方20cm处进行5min光照,期间轻轻摇晃冰盒保证溶液得到充分照射。阴性对照组使用无菌超纯水代替IDA溶液。
对经IDA处理后的菌体使用10%福尔马林缓冲液进行固定。吸取5μL固定完毕的菌液,滴在无自发荧光的载玻片中央,加入甘油封片剂,盖上盖玻片后使用透明指甲油封闭。制成样本后用激光共聚焦显微镜观察结果(激发波长488nm,发射波长620nm,100倍油镜)。
经IDA处理后的菌体均被染色,在激发光下发出强烈荧光,染料的染色部位主要是核区,对细胞质只有微弱的着色,这说明染料能穿过活细胞膜对DNA进行选择性染色,结果如图2所示。
实施例3
本发明的IDA对脂肪酶的敏感性:
酶处理条件:将0.105g/L IDA溶液5mL(2.5μmoL),于40℃水浴中预热2min,脂肪酶用量0.5~3.5U,充分混匀后,于40℃、150r/min黑暗下处理20min。滤膜过滤,滤液用于高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析检测水解后产物(避光)。HPLC条件:色谱柱采用Zorbax SB-C18柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);流动相为水:乙腈=60:40(体积比)的磷酸盐缓冲液(0.02mol/L,pH值6.99~7.01);柱温30℃;流量1mL/min;进样量10μL;采用PDA检测器,激发波长488nm,发射波长520nm。对照组中,使用等浓度未经酶解的IDA溶液代替酶解液。结果以降解率表示,计算公式如下:降解率=(酶解前IDA含量-酶解后IDA含量)/对照组IDA含量×100%。
IDA分子在脂肪酶催化下,其水解率高达96%,说明IDA分子对脂肪酶活性敏感,能在相应酶作用下快速水解,结果如图3所示。
实施例4
IDA对DNA扩增的抑制作用
分别取500分别取500μL金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌O157:H7、志贺氏菌以及单增李斯特菌菌液于1.5mL离心管中,菌液中分别加入IDA工作液0.5、1、3、5、10、15、20μL使菌液中IDA终浓度分别为0.5、1、3、5、10、15、20μg/mL,充分混匀后,于室温下暗处孵育10min。将离心管水平放置于冰上,于650W的卤钨灯下方20cm处进行5min光照使IDA与DNA交联,同时钝化溶液中游离的IDA分子,期间轻轻摇晃冰盒保证溶液得到充分照射。将经过光照处理的溶液作为实时荧光定量反应模板,考察IDA分子对DNA扩增的抑制作用。
荧光定量PCR反应体系总体积为20μL,其中包含2×Taq PCR MasterMix10μL、ROX0.2μL、前后引物(10μmol/L)各1μL、探针(10μmol/L)0.5μL、DEPC水5.3μL、DNA模板溶液2μL。反应条件:95℃预变性2min,95℃变性5s,然后降温至60℃并保持40s(收集荧光信号),该过程进行40个循环。反应结束后40℃保温2min。每个荧光定量PCR反应各进行3次平行实验,计算平均Ct值(荧光信号达到设定的阈值所经历的循环数)和样本标准差SD值。
浓度为10μg/mL的IDA对三种细菌的反应扩增均有明显的抑制作用,结果如图4所示。
实施例5
IDA检测金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌O157以及沙门氏菌活菌
分别取两份等浓度的新鲜培养的金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌O157以及沙门氏菌菌液1.5mL于离心管中,无菌水洗涤菌体两次后以等体积无菌水重悬。将其中一份菌液置于100℃沸水浴中加热5min进行热灭活,得到死菌菌液。分别取活菌菌液、死菌菌液以及死、活菌比例为1:1的混合菌菌液各两份,向每种菌液中的其中一份加入IDA工作液使菌液中IDA终浓度为10μg/mL,另一份以无菌水做阴性对照。充分混匀后,在室温下避光孵育10分钟。将离心管水平放置于冰上,在650W的卤钨灯下方20cm处进行10min光照,期间轻轻摇晃冰盒保证溶液得到充分照射。将经过IDA处理和未经过IDA处理的菌液4000g离心5min,去上清。使用细菌基因组提取试剂盒提取DNA,提取后的DNA作为模板进行PCR反应。
荧光定量PCR反应体系总体积为20μL,其中包含2×Taq PCR MasterMix10μL、ROX0.2μL、前后引物(10μmol/L)各1μL、探针(10μmol/L)0.5μL、DEPC水5.3μL、DNA模板溶液2μL。反应条件:95℃预变性2min,95℃变性5s,然后降温至60℃并保持40s(收集荧光信号),该过程进行40个循环。反应结束后40℃保温2min。每个荧光定量PCR反应各进行3次平行实验,计算平均Ct值(荧光信号达到设定的阈值所经历的循环数)和样本标准差SD值。对实验结果进行绘图,横坐标代表IDA浓度,纵坐标用经IDA分子处理得到的Ct值—未经IDA分子处理得到的Ct值,△Ct来表示。
IDA检测金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌O157以及沙门氏菌活菌的PCR结果如图5所示。
结果表明,经过IDA处理比未经过IDA处理的金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌O157以及沙门氏菌活菌DNA的Ct值相差低至0.6,这说明IDA处理对活菌定量PCR检测的影响不大。
实施例6
将经过浓度10μg/mL的IDA处理以及未经过IDA处理的金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌O157以及沙门氏菌死菌进行DNA提取后,分别将纯化的DNA作为模板进行反应,结果如图6所示。
结果表明,经过IDA处理比未经过IDA处理的金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌O157以及沙门氏菌死菌DNA的Ct值高16左右,这说明IDA处理后可以很好地抑制死菌DNA的扩增。
实施例7
将经过10μg/mL的IDA处理以及未经过IDA处理的金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌O157以及沙门氏菌的活、死菌混合菌液进行DNA提取后,分别将纯化的DNA作为模板进行反应,结果如图7所示。
结果表明,经过IDA处理比未经过IDA处理的金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌O157以及沙门氏菌的活、死菌混合菌液的Ct值高10左右,说明经过IDA处理后能排除死菌背景的影响,检测出活菌数量达到检测活菌的目的。
Claims (3)
1.一种叠氮吲哚二甲川菁染料分子,其特征在于,分子结构如下:
2.权利要求1所述的叠氮吲哚二甲川菁染料分子的应用,其特征在于,该分子用于活菌含量的检测。
3.权利要求1所述的叠氮吲哚二甲川菁染料分子的应用,其特征在于,该分子用于对细胞进行快速荧光染色。
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