CN107383319A - 一种高强度抗静电聚氨酯弹性体的组分及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高强度抗静电聚氨酯弹性体的组分及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107383319A
CN107383319A CN201710755257.1A CN201710755257A CN107383319A CN 107383319 A CN107383319 A CN 107383319A CN 201710755257 A CN201710755257 A CN 201710755257A CN 107383319 A CN107383319 A CN 107383319A
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蒋学
马加佳
田秀枝
王鸿博
高卫东
吴学平
李少周
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Jiangnan University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高强度抗静电聚氨酯弹性体的组分及其制备方法。以热塑性聚氨酯弹性体为基料,通过掺杂态聚苯胺和表面有机改性纳米二氧化硅的加入,使制备的聚氨酯弹性体材料在机械强力提升的同时又赋予其抗静电的能力。本发明,原材料成本低廉,制作方法简单易行,且制得的聚氨酯弹性体材料的各项性能优异,适合实际生产使用。

Description

一种高强度抗静电聚氨酯弹性体的组分及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及材料领域,尤其是高分子复合材料领域,具体为一种高强度抗静电聚氨酯弹性体的组分及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯弹性体是一种富有弹性的独特材料,热塑性聚氨酯弹性体由于其加工的方便性和其优异的性能,使其得到了广泛的使用。但是随着工业的快速化发展,对于聚氨酯弹性体的性能要求也越来越高。在实际生产使用过程中,聚氨酯弹性体材料存在着机械强力损失和抗静电能力弱的问题。
目前提高聚氨酯机械强力的方法主要是通过补强材料的加入,如炭黑、白炭黑、短纤维等无机材料的掺入,但是其补强效果随着使用时间的推移降低的很严重。近年来随着纳米材料的研究,纳米材料的应用越来越多。纳米二氧化硅能够很好的代替白炭黑来提高聚氨酯的机械性能,但是通过之前的研究,我们发现纳米二氧化硅在聚氨酯反应体系中的分散性一般,容易发生团聚等现象,且随着纳米二氧化硅的加入,反应体系的粘度大大提高,使聚氨酯的加工过程造成了一些困难。通过对纳米二氧化硅的表面有机改性,增加其在聚氨酯反应体系中的分散程度,从而提高其机械强力。
由于高聚物的导电惰性,导致了一般橡胶都不能抗静电的通病。目前大部分的研究都是使用碳系材料去改善聚氨酯弹性体的导电性能,比如,炭黑、石墨粉、碳纤维等等,但是后来发现其在弹性体材料中很难分散均匀,导致其在使用过程中产生部分抗静电现象。现阶段,由于纳米技术的快速发展,石墨烯和碳纳米管的应用日益广泛。这种新材料的加入,能显著的提升橡胶的导电性,但是在使用过程中,发现在一段时间的使用过后,橡胶的导电性又逐渐下降,并不能持续抗静电。而企业常用的抗静电剂大部分为溢出型抗静电产品,橡胶表面的抗静电膜在使用过程中会随着时间的推移而逐渐丧失,最终又恢复到原本的导电惰性。导电聚合物材料如聚乙炔、聚苯胺、聚吡咯等等,都有着良好的导电性能。导电聚苯胺有着突出的导电性能,较高的电荷储存能力,良好的化学稳定性,是被实际应用最多的导电聚合物。通过将聚苯胺均匀分散于聚氨酯反应体系内,从而使制得聚氨酯弹性体电阻降低,产生一定的抗静电作用。
本发明,我们将纳米二氧化硅和导电聚苯胺同时引入到聚氨酯反应体系中,使制得聚氨酯弹性体在提升机械强力的同时具有抗静电的作用,从而赋予聚氨酯弹性体材料较高的使用性能,在实际生产应用中有着较高的使用价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决聚氨酯弹性体在使用过程中机械强力的损失和产生静电的问题,提供一种高强度抗静电聚氨酯弹性体的组分及其制备方法。特征是,配方比例按重量份数计,包括以下步骤:
(1)将1~2份苯胺、5~8份质子酸和0.8~1.5份丙酮添加在去离子水中,常温下混合后冷却,混合时间为2~5小时;然后滴加5~8份过硫酸盐的水溶液,低温高速搅拌反应3~5个小时,除去水和溶剂,然后将得到的聚苯胺清洗干燥备用。
(2)将1~4份纳米二氧化硅分散于2~8份甲基乙基酮中,并加入0.02~0.08份硅烷偶联剂,振荡混合备用。
(3)多组分预聚体的制备方法为:1~2份4’4二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,1.4~2.8份聚四氢呋喃在3~6份溶剂中60℃~80℃高速搅拌反应2~3小时,然后将0.1~0.45份步骤(1)产物和0.02~0.1份步骤(2)产物添加到预聚体反应体系,保温混合1~2小时。
(4)弹性体的制备方法为:用0.15~0.3份小分子二元醇扩链,将得到的粘流态导电聚氨酯浇注固化,除去多余的有机溶剂,固化时间为2~4个小时,固化温度为80℃~100℃。
步骤(1)所述的质子酸为盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、硝酸、十二烷基苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、磷酸乙二酯的一种。
步骤(1)所述的过硫酸盐为过硫酸钾、过硫酸铵、过硫酸钠的一种。
步骤(2)所述的硅烷偶联剂为γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的一种。
步骤(3)所述的溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、丙酮的一种。
步骤(4)所述的低分子二元醇为乙二醇、丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、一缩二乙二醇的一种。
本发明的优点在于:(1)所制备的高性能聚氨酯弹性体材料在提升机械强力的同时,赋予了其抗静电的能力,同时又保留了聚氨酯弹性体原本具有的性能,如耐磨性、耐油性等。(2)产品的原材料价格低廉,生产工艺简单可行,适合工业化生产,在实际生产使用过程中有着很大的实用价值。
附图说明
图1高性能聚氨酯弹性体的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片
具体实施方式
本发明分四步:
(1)质子酸掺杂态聚苯胺的制备
(2)表面改性纳米二氧化硅的制备
(3)多组分聚氨酯预聚体的制备
(4)高性能聚氨酯弹性体材料的形成
本发明所述的聚苯胺/纳米二氧化硅/聚氨酯复合材料的各项性能可采用以下指标进行检测:
(1)形貌:采用数码拍照的方法观察制备的高性能聚氨酯橡胶的外表面形貌;此外,将制备的弹性体经液氮脆断,断面经喷金后采用日本日立公司的SU-1510型扫描电子显微镜,在5kV高压下观察其形貌。
(2)拉伸性能:将制备的高性能聚氨酯橡胶裁成宽为6mm的长条;用膜厚仪测试其厚度,并用微机控制万能材料试验机(WDW-20上海华龙测试仪器公司)测试其拉伸断裂强度和伸长率,测试夹距设置为25mm,拉伸速度为5mm/min。
(3)导电性能(抗静电能力):取制备的不同含量聚苯胺的弹性体在Agilent-34401A型电源电表上测试其电阻,并分析其抗静电能力。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)将1份苯胺、5份质子酸和0.8份丙酮添加在去离子水中,常温下混合后冷却,混合时间为2小时;然后滴加5份过硫酸盐的水溶液,低温高速搅拌反应3个小时,除去水和溶剂,然后将得到的聚苯胺清洗干燥备用。
(2)将4份纳米二氧化硅分散于8份甲基乙基酮中,并加入0.05份硅烷偶联剂,振荡混合备用。
(3)多组分预聚体的制备方法为:1份4’4二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,1.4份聚四氢呋喃在4份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中60℃高速搅拌反应2小时,然后将0.1份步骤(1)产物和0.02份步骤(2)产物添加到预聚体反应体系,保温混合1.5小时。
(4)弹性体的制备方法为:用0.15份小分子二元醇扩链,将得到的粘流态导电聚氨酯浇注固化,除去多余的有机溶剂,固化时间为2个小时,固化温度为100℃,得到本发明的样品1#。
实施例2
(1)将1份苯胺、5份质子酸和0.8份丙酮添加在去离子水中,常温下混合后冷却,混合时间为2小时;然后滴加5份过硫酸盐的水溶液,低温高速搅拌反应3个小时,除去水和溶剂,然后将得到的聚苯胺清洗干燥备用。
(2)将4份纳米二氧化硅分散于8份甲基乙基酮中,并加入0.05份硅烷偶联剂,振荡混合备用。
(3)多组分预聚体的制备方法为:1份4’4二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,1.4份聚四氢呋喃在4份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中60℃高速搅拌反应2小时,然后将0.15份步骤(1)产物和0.04份步骤(2)产物添加到预聚体反应体系,保温混合1.5小时。
(4)弹性体的制备方法为:用0.15份小分子二元醇扩链,将得到的粘流态导电聚氨酯浇注固化,除去多余的有机溶剂,固化时间为2个小时,固化温度为100℃,得到本发明的样品2#。
实施例3
(1)将1份苯胺、5份质子酸和0.8份丙酮添加在去离子水中,常温下混合后冷却,混合时间为2小时;然后滴加5份过硫酸盐的水溶液,低温高速搅拌反应3个小时,除去水和溶剂,然后将得到的聚苯胺清洗干燥备用。
(2)将4份纳米二氧化硅分散于8份甲基乙基酮中,并加入0.05份硅烷偶联剂,振荡混合备用。
(3)多组分预聚体的制备方法为:1份4’4二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,1.4份聚四氢呋喃在4份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中60℃高速搅拌反应2小时,然后将0.2份步骤(1)产物和0.06份步骤(2)产物添加到预聚体反应体系,保温混合1.5小时。
(4)弹性体的制备方法为:用0.15份小分子二元醇扩链,将得到的粘流态导电聚氨酯浇注固化,除去多余的有机溶剂,固化时间为2个小时,固化温度为100℃,得到本发明的样品3#。
实施例4
(1)将1份苯胺、5份质子酸和0.8份丙酮添加在去离子水中,常温下混合后冷却,混合时间为2小时;然后滴加5份过硫酸盐的水溶液,低温高速搅拌反应3个小时,除去水和溶剂,然后将得到的聚苯胺清洗干燥备用。
(2)将4份纳米二氧化硅分散于8份甲基乙基酮中,并加入0.05份硅烷偶联剂,振荡混合备用。
(3)多组分预聚体的制备方法为:1份4’4二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,1.4份聚四氢呋喃在4份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中60℃高速搅拌反应2小时,然后将0.3份步骤(1)产物和0.08份步骤(2)产物添加到预聚体反应体系,保温混合1.5小时。
(4)弹性体的制备方法为:用0.15份小分子二元醇扩链,将得到的粘流态导电聚氨酯浇注固化,除去多余的有机溶剂,固化时间为2个小时,固化温度为100℃,得到本发明的样品4#。
实施例5
(1)将1份苯胺、5份质子酸和0.8份丙酮添加在去离子水中,常温下混合后冷却,混合时间为2小时;然后滴加5份过硫酸盐的水溶液,低温高速搅拌反应3个小时,除去水和溶剂,然后将得到的聚苯胺清洗干燥备用。
(2)将4份纳米二氧化硅分散于8份甲基乙基酮中,并加入0.05份硅烷偶联剂,振荡混合备用。
(3)多组分预聚体的制备方法为:1份4’4二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,1.4份聚四氢呋喃在4份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中60℃高速搅拌反应2小时,然后将0.35份步骤(1)产物和0.1份步骤(2)产物添加到预聚体反应体系,保温混合1.5小时。
(4)弹性体的制备方法为:用0.15份小分子二元醇扩链,将得到的粘流态导电聚氨酯浇注固化,除去多余的有机溶剂,固化时间为2个小时,固化温度为100℃,得到本发明的样品5#。
实施例6
(1)将1份苯胺、5份质子酸和0.8份丙酮添加在去离子水中,常温下混合后冷却,混合时间为2小时;然后滴加5份过硫酸盐的水溶液,低温高速搅拌反应3个小时,除去水和溶剂,然后将得到的聚苯胺清洗干燥备用。
(2)将4份纳米二氧化硅分散于8份甲基乙基酮中,并加入0.05份硅烷偶联剂,振荡混合备用。
(3)多组分预聚体的制备方法为:1份4’4二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,1.4份聚四氢呋喃在4份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中60℃高速搅拌反应2小时,然后将0.4份步骤(1)产物和0.1份步骤(2)产物添加到预聚体反应体系,保温混合1.5小时。
(4)弹性体的制备方法为:用0.15份小分子二元醇扩链,将得到的粘流态导电聚氨酯浇注固化,除去多余的有机溶剂,固化时间为2个小时,固化温度为100℃,得到本发明的样品6#。
本发明所制备的一种高性能聚氨酯弹性体的机械强力如表1所示:
样品编号 1# 2# 3# 4# 5# 6#
断裂强力(MPa) 19 29 32 37 40 40
断裂延伸度(%) 360 425 482 433 398 403
电阻(MΩ/CM) 49 32 20 12 5 0.2

Claims (6)

1.一种高强度抗静电聚氨酯弹性体的组分及其制备方法,包括以下步骤(配方比例按重量份数计)
(1)将1~2份苯胺、5~8份质子酸和0.8~1.5份丙酮添加在去离子水中,常温下混合后冷却,混合时间为2~5小时;然后滴加5~8份过硫酸盐的水溶液,低温高速搅拌反应3~5个小时,除去水和溶剂,然后将得到的聚苯胺清洗干燥备用;
(2)将1~4份纳米二氧化硅分散于2~8份甲基乙基酮中,并加入0.02~0.08份硅烷偶联剂,振荡混合备用;
(3)多组分预聚体的制备方法为:1~2份4 ’4二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,1.4~2.8份聚四氢呋喃在3~6份溶剂中60℃~80℃高速搅拌反应2~3小时,然后将0.1~0.45份步骤(1)产物和0.02~0.1份步骤(2)产物添加到预聚体反应体系,保温混合1~2小时;
(4)弹性体的制备方法为:用0.15~0.3份小分子二元醇扩链,将得到的粘流态导电聚氨酯浇注固化,除去多余的有机溶剂,固化时间为2~4个小时,固化温度为80℃~100℃。
2.权利要求1所述高强度抗静电聚氨酯弹性体的组分及其制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的质子酸为盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、硝酸、十二烷基苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、磷酸乙二酯的一种。
3.权利要求1所述高强度抗静电聚氨酯弹性体的组分及其制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的过硫酸盐为过硫酸钾、过硫酸铵、过硫酸钠的一种。
4.权利要求1所述高强度抗静电聚氨酯弹性体的组分及其制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述的硅烷偶联剂为γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的一种。
5.权利要求1所述高强度抗静电聚氨酯弹性体的组分及其制备方法,其特质在于,步骤(3)所述的溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、丙酮的一种。
6.权利要求1所述高强度抗静电聚氨酯弹性体的组分及其制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)所述的低分子二元醇为乙二醇、丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、一缩二乙二醇的一种。
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