CN107374793A - 一种经皮胃造瘘口胃内气囊置入装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种经皮胃造瘘口胃内气囊置入装置,该装置包括气囊,气囊的开口端与导管连接,导管包括内导管和外导管,所述内导管为气囊导管,所述外导管为胃造瘘导管,胃造瘘导管具有蘑菇头帮助气囊固定在胃内,气囊导管的进气端与钢圈或注射器可拆卸连接。将胃气囊导管通过PEG造瘘管引入患者胃内,给胃气囊充气后能人为造成饱腹感,从而使患者减少摄食量以起到缩小胃容量和减重目的。气囊可充气300‑1000mL,气囊有很好的耐酸性、不容易被胃液和食物腐蚀,在胃内安全可靠。该技术和传统手术相比有操作简便、费用经济、不改变消化道的生理结构功能、近远期并发症少、术后维护简便等优点,有优良的临床价值和社会效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医疗器械技术领域,具体涉及一种经皮胃造瘘口胃内气囊置入装置。
背景技术
肥胖症指体内脂肪堆积过多和(或)分布异常、体重增加,是包括遗传和环境因素在内的多种因素相互作用所引起的慢性代谢性疾病。肥胖近年来不仅在西方国家,在我国同样也越来越影响着人们的健康。据统计,全球有4.75亿肥胖症患者,每年至少有260万人死于肥胖及相关疾病。根据"2010年国民体质监测公报"显示,我国成人超重率为32.1%,肥胖率为9.9%(内科学,第八版769-774)。肥胖不仅会降低人们的生活质量,各种相关的健康检查和干预措施也需要大量的经济投入,其经济成本和社会成本已成为社会的严重负担。目前,控制肥胖的主要方式包括控制饮食、生活方式的调节以及外科的吸脂术、切脂术、各种减少食物吸收的手术(空肠回肠分流术、胃气囊术、小胃手术、垂直结扎胃成形术等),以达到减少营养吸收控制体重的目的。但手术可能并发不可逆的吸收不良、贫血、胃肠狭窄等并发症,有一定的危险性。
肥胖症的治疗原则主要包括减少热量摄入和增加热量消耗两个方面。强调以行为、饮食、运动为主的综合治疗,必要时辅以药物或手术治疗。虽然饮食干预及药物选择的种类繁多,但单一控制饮食及增加运动患者往往不能长期坚持,一旦停下来体重则会反弹,导致“愈减愈胖”,而长期服用药物治疗通过干预进食中枢达到饱腹感则有潜在的心脏和肝肾毒副作用,影响健康。传统的外科手术治疗有良好远期疗效的优点,美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)推荐BMI≥40Kg/m2或BMI≥35Kg/m2并有合并症的肥胖患者接受外科手术治疗。目前减重手术方法主要有腹腔镜胃袖状切除术(LSG)、腹腔镜胃旁路手术等,然而腹腔镜下减重手术有较明显创伤性,2014年发表的一项对161756例减重手术的5年随访研究表明,减重手术术后并发症的发生率为17%,其中腹腔镜胃袖状切除术(LSG)约13%。其术后并发症主要包括术后出血、静脉血栓栓塞、残胃漏、残胃溃疡、残胃狭窄、腹壁疝、胆道结石、胃食管反流、营养并发症、形体改变等,远期残胃癌的发生率亦会升高。因此,设计出一种无需胃肠“改道”及切除部分胃就能减少胃容积的方法,且相比腹腔镜手术对患者创伤更小、并发症更少、安全性更高,从而达到治疗肥胖症的新手术治疗模式成为目前迫切的需求。
经皮内镜下胃造瘘术(PEG)是指在内镜下用套管针经腹壁穿刺入胃腔,置入导丝,引导胃造瘘管经口腔、食管进入胃腔,从而形成的胃造瘘。PEG具有操作简单(5-15min),可在患者床边放置,只需局部麻醉,安全,造瘘管留置时间长,可达1年以上,并发症少的特点,目前主要应用于因各种疾病导致经口进食困难的患者以营养支持。Christopher C等的一项临床多中心前瞻随机对照研究通过内镜下PEG技术及体外吸引装置联合治疗肥胖症患者,该研究包括207例肥胖患者并历经52周临床疗程,通过造瘘管和吸引器将治疗组肥胖症患者摄入食物的大约30%抽吸出来,减重疗效显著。但该治疗每日三餐均需使用吸引器将食物部分吸出,不便于患者日常生活。因此有必要改良该内镜技术治疗肥胖症使患者更好接受并提高他们的生活质量。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种经皮胃造瘘口胃内气囊置入装置,在PEG技术上进行改良,在胃造瘘管内放置一个胃气囊导管,拟结合胃气囊导管和PEG这两项成熟技术经由内窥镜下的介入治疗肥胖症。将胃气囊充气后,患者仍可进食,但因胃容积减少后则既然出现饱腹感而减少进食,数月后因进食量减少自然而然体重减轻。这种方法无需进行胃切除手术达到为肥胖症患者减重的目的,并降低并发症发生几率。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
一种经皮胃造瘘口胃内气囊置入装置,该装置包括气囊,所述气囊有很好的耐酸性、不容易被胃液和食物腐蚀,在胃内安全可靠;所述气囊的开口端与导管连接,所述导管包括内导管和外导管,所述内导管为气囊导管,所述外导管为胃造瘘导管,所述导管的进气端与钢圈或注射器可拆卸连接,气囊置入胃内后,所述钢圈可以取掉,连接注射器;所述气囊通过胃造瘘导管放入胃内,胃造瘘导管的蘑菇头可以帮助气囊固定在胃内,不会脱出。
进一步的,所述气囊的充气容量为300-1000mL,通过注射器调节气囊内空气的含量,控制气囊大小,来调节胃内容积,增加饱腹感,达到减肥效果。
进一步的,所述导管上带有刻度,提示气囊置入的位置。
进一步的,所述气囊导管远离气囊的一端逐渐变细。
进一步的,所述导管与所述注射器之间设有外固定器。
有益效果:本发明提供了一种经皮胃造瘘口胃内气囊置入装置,在PEG技术上进行改良,在胃造瘘管头端及胃内管端加一个胃气囊导管,拟结合胃气囊导管和PEG这两项成熟技术经由内窥镜下的介入治疗肥胖症。将胃气囊导管通过PEG造瘘管引入患者胃内,给胃气囊充气后能人为造成饱腹感觉,从而使患者减少摄入食量以起到缩小胃容量和减重目的。球囊可充气300-1000mL。气囊具有很好的耐酸性、不容易被胃液和食物腐蚀,在胃内安全可靠。该技术和传统手术相比有操作简便、费用经济、不改变消化道的生理结构功能、近远期并发症少、术后维护简便等优点,有优良的临床价值和社会效益。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2为本发明充气前的结构示意图。
图3为本发明充气后的结构示意图。
图中:1、气囊;2、蘑菇头;3、导管;31、胃造瘘导管;32、气囊导管;4、钢圈;5、注射器、6、外固定器。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来进一步描述本发明,但实施例仅是范例性的,并不对本发明的范围构成任何限制。本领域技术人员应该理解的是,在不偏离本发明的精神和范围下可以对本发明技术方案的细节和形式进行修改或替换,但这些修改和替换均落入本发明的保护范围内。
一种经皮胃造瘘口胃内气囊置入装置,该装置包括气囊1,所述气囊1可充气300-1000mL;所述气囊1的开口端与导管3连接,所述导管3上带有刻度,所述导管3包括内导管和外导管,所述内导管为气囊导管32,所述外导管为胃造瘘导管31,所述气囊1与所述导管3的相交处设有蘑菇头2,所述导管3的进气端与钢圈4或注射器5可拆卸连接,气囊1置入胃内后,所述钢圈4可以取掉连接注射器;所述气囊1通过胃造瘘导管31放入胃内,所述蘑菇头2可以帮助气囊1固定在胃内,不会脱出。
进一步的,所述气囊导管32远离气囊1的一端逐渐变细。
进一步的,所述导管3与所述注射器5之间设有外固定器6。
内镜下经皮胃造口胃气囊导管置入术,具体使用器材及手术流程如下:
经皮内窥镜胃造瘘套装(牵拉型,20Fr);胃气囊导管;奥林巴斯内镜主机290主机,HQ290内镜;无菌敷料及腹带。
手术流程:
1、经口插入胃镜,向胃内注气,检查胃粘膜确认无溃疡及出血病灶;
2、固定胃镜头端,照明探测胃前壁,用手指于体表按压照明区域,在胃镜下清楚看到胃壁受按压;
3、确定造瘘部位,消毒铺巾并注射局部麻醉药物;
4、用手术刀透过皮肤和皮下做1cm切口,通过切口将穿刺针和套管插入胃腔,退出穿刺针,留下套管维持胃的通路;
5、通过套管将导丝柔性头端,维持胃处于充气状态,经胃镜活检钳道置入异物钳,夹住导丝头端,将胃镜和导丝经口腔取出,此时导丝一端位于口腔侧,一端位于切口侧;
6、将造瘘管前段与口腔处导丝交叉固定,于切口处绷紧导丝并牵拉,将造瘘管经口腔牵拉进入胃腔,直至前段顶住套管并与套管共同经切口出腹壁;
7、胃镜经口进入胃内观察,并继续于切口处牵拉导丝,直至内镜下观察到造瘘管口唇端接触胃壁,然后退出胃镜;
8、将皮肤固定器置于造口管上并滑动置皮肤表面并拧锁固定,于管路上X标记处切断造瘘管;
9、将胃气囊管的食管囊充分润滑管路表面后,经造瘘管插入直至胃囊进入胃腔或经口导线引入胃内,依据患者自身情况向胃囊内注入300-1000mL气体;
10、封闭胃气囊管导管开口及造瘘管端口,无菌敷料覆盖腹壁切口,腹带包扎;
11、手术结束。
术后24小时患者可恢复进食,腹壁切口定期消毒更换敷料直至胃-腹壁窦道形成,每2~3月更换胃气囊导管,每半年更换造瘘管。
该手术减小了患者胃内容积,使患者少于日常进食即产生饱腹感,结合营养科制定的膳食指导,以达到控制体重的治疗目的。
Claims (5)
1.一种经皮胃造瘘口胃内气囊置入装置,其特征在于,该装置包括气囊,所述气囊的开口端与导管连接,所述导管包括内导管和外导管,所述内导管为气囊导管,所述外导管为胃造瘘导管,所述气囊与所述导管的相交处设有蘑菇头,所述导管的进气端与钢圈或注射器可拆卸连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种经皮胃造瘘口胃内气囊置入装置,其特征在于,所述气囊的充气容量为300-1000mL。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种经皮胃造瘘口胃内气囊置入装置,其特征在于,所述导管上带有刻度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种经皮胃造瘘口胃内气囊置入装置,其特征在于,所述气囊导管远离气囊的一端逐渐变细。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种经皮胃造瘘口胃内气囊置入装置,其特征在于,所述导管与所述注射器之间设有外固定器。
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