CN107372486B - Application of artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke fumigation to inhibit root rot pathogen of Chinese herbal medicine - Google Patents
Application of artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke fumigation to inhibit root rot pathogen of Chinese herbal medicine Download PDFInfo
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- CN107372486B CN107372486B CN201710685636.8A CN201710685636A CN107372486B CN 107372486 B CN107372486 B CN 107372486B CN 201710685636 A CN201710685636 A CN 201710685636A CN 107372486 B CN107372486 B CN 107372486B
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Abstract
The invention discloses application of artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke fumigation to inhibition of root rot pathogens of Chinese herbal medicines. The inhibition rate of applying fumigation to inhibit fusarium oxysporum reaches 79.17-100%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to application of smoke generated by dry distillation of mixed artemisia annua straws and tobacco straws to inhibiting Chinese herbal medicine root rot pathogens, and belongs to the technical field of research on plant source material prevention and control of Chinese herbal medicine diseases.
Background
The Artemisia annua (Artemisia annua L inn) is also called Artemisia annua, is an annual herbaceous plant of Artemisia genus of Compositae, is widely distributed in various provinces in China, is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine in China, and has different action mechanisms of an effective component artemisinin in antimalarial field from that of a traditional quinine antimalarial drug.
After the tobacco leaves are harvested, a large amount of tobacco plant residues such as tobacco stems, tobacco roots and the like are remained, and if the tobacco plant residues are not removed in time, the environment of a tobacco planting area is easily polluted. The lignification degree of the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) straw is high, the tobacco is very difficult to decay, and the resource utilization of the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) straw is always a difficult problem. In recent years, the tobacco main production area has serious straw burning pollution. After tobacco is harvested, in order to treat tobacco straws, the situation that dense smoke is rolled in partial areas is achieved, the treatment mode wastes precious natural resources, causes environmental pollution and multiple accidents, poses great threats to traffic safety of highways and railways, take-off and landing safety of civil aviation flights and the like, causes serious harm to human health and safety, and becomes a social problem. In order to solve the problem of relation among human resources, environment and development, the tobacco straws are efficiently and reasonably utilized, the potential utilization value of the tobacco straws is researched and developed, and the tobacco straws are also an important measure for reducing the negative influence of the tobacco straws.
The traditional Chinese medicine is a traditional Chinese medicinal material and is an important component of excellent Chinese culture. The Chinese herbal medicines belong to the most important parts of the Chinese herbal medicines, and as the economic parts and the medicinal parts of most Chinese herbal medicines are roots of the Chinese herbal medicines, with the rapid increase of the planting area of medicinal plants and the domestication of wild resources of most varieties into the large-scale planting of cultivated varieties, the rotting of the roots evolves into the most serious diseases which directly affect the yield, the quality and the commodity value of the Chinese herbal medicines, and the value of the Chinese herbal medicines is greatly affected. Moreover, the disease problem of the Chinese herbal medicine is increasingly prominent, because the microbial composition in the soil is very complex, the pathogens are various, fungi, bacteria and nematodes can cause the root rot of the Chinese herbal medicine, wherein the fungi harm is the most serious, and the root rot of various Chinese herbal medicines can be caused, for example, Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium oxysporum) can cause the root rot of Chinese herbal medicines such as medlar, panax japonicus, polygonatum odoratum, salvia miltiorrhiza and panax notoginseng, and is one of the most harmful pathogens. The common annual incidence rate of panax notoginseng root rot is 5-20%, the serious annual incidence rate is 70%, and the incidence rate of angelica dahurica root rot is about 30%, and sometimes 80%. The overuse of chemical pesticides is increased for controlling diseases, so that the risk of qualified quality of Chinese herbal medicines and the environmental friendliness are increased, and the overuse of chemical pesticides becomes a main obstacle for the production of Chinese herbal medicines.
Through the literature search, the same public reports as the invention are not found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect that the application of artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke for inhibiting Chinese herbal medicine root rot pathogens does not exist in the prior art, so that the tobacco straw and the artemisia annua straw are utilized more.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
1. application of mixed smoke fumigation of artemisia annua tobacco straw to inhibition of root rot pathogens of Chinese herbal medicines.
2. According to the application of the technical scheme 1, the artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke is obtained by mixing artemisia annua straws and tobacco straws, putting the artemisia annua straws and the tobacco straws into a dry distillation kettle for dry distillation, and collecting smoke generated in the dry distillation process, namely the artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke.
3. According to the application of the technical scheme 2, the artemisia annua straws and the tobacco straws are mixed into the artemisia annua straws: the tobacco straws are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1-2: 1-2.
4. According to the application of the technical scheme 3, the artemisia annua straws and the tobacco straws are mixed into the artemisia annua straws: the tobacco straws are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
5. According to the application of the technical scheme 3, the artemisia annua straws and the tobacco straws are mixed into the artemisia annua straws: the tobacco straws are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2: 1.
6. According to the application of any one of the technical schemes 1 to 5, the fumigation time for inhibiting the root rot pathogen of the Chinese herbal medicine by the mixed smoke fumigation of the artemisia annua and the tobacco straw is 6 to 8 hours.
7. According to the application of any one of the technical schemes 1 to 5, the Chinese herbal medicine root rot pathogen is fusarium oxysporum.
8. According to the application of the technical scheme 6, the Chinese herbal medicine root rot pathogen is fusarium oxysporum.
According to the invention, the mixed smoke of the artemisia annua tobacco straws is adopted to fumigate the Chinese herbal medicine root rot pathogens for 6-8 hours, the inhibition rate of the Chinese herbal medicine root rot pathogens is 79.17-100%, while the inhibition rates of the single-dose smoke of the artemisia annua straws and the single-dose smoke of the tobacco straws to the Chinese herbal medicine root rot pathogens are 47.2% and 41.7% respectively, and the inhibition effect of the mixed smoke of the artemisia annua tobacco straws to the Chinese herbal medicine root rot pathogens is improved by 67.73-111.86% and 89.86-139.81% respectively compared with the single-dose smoke of the artemisia annua straws or the single-dose smoke of the tobacco straws, so that the unexpected technical effect is inhibited.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the structure of the equipment for preparing the artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke is schematic.
The labels in the figure are in turn: 1-dry distillation kettle, 2-wire netting I, 3-heater, 4-dry distillation kettle cover, 5-first smoke air guide bent pipe, 6-pneumatic pump I, 7-valve I, 8-tar removing kettle, 9-tar outflow tap, 10-iron stand, 11-wire netting II, 12-active carbon, 13-tar removing kettle cover, 14-second smoke air guide bent pipe, 15-pneumatic pump II, 16-valve II, 17-hose, 18-connecting pipe, 19-main pipe, 20-branch pipe, 21-pipe hole.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given without specific indication as conventional methods.
Example 1 preparation of Mixed Smoke of Artemisia annua tobacco stalks
The preparation of the artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke adopts conventional dry distillation kettle equipment, the working principle of the equipment and a conventional dry distillation preparation method. Mixing the artemisia annua straws and the tobacco straws, putting the mixture into a dry distillation kettle, performing dry distillation according to a conventional method for dry distillation of plants, and collecting smoke generated in the dry distillation process, namely the artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke. In the embodiment, the method comprises the following steps of: the tobacco straws are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1 or 2:1 or 1:2 respectively to prepare three kinds of artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke with different artemisia annua straw mass ratios, and the three kinds of artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke with different artemisia annua straw mass ratios are prepared according to the following methods:
A. cutting the artemisia annua straw and the tobacco straw into small sections (which can be cut into 5-8 cm small sections), and mixing the artemisia annua straw: the mass ratio of the tobacco straws is 1:1 or 2:1 or 1:2, the short sections of the artemisia annua straws and the short sections of the tobacco straws are mixed and then are put into a dry distillation kettle 1, a sealing ring is arranged at a kettle opening at the top of the dry distillation kettle 1, and a dry distillation kettle cover 4 is covered on the dry distillation kettle 1, so that the dry distillation kettle 1 is ensured to be airtight. The moisture content of the artemisia annua straw is 5-10% by mass fraction, and the moisture content of the tobacco straw is 5-10% by mass fraction.
B. A sealing ring is arranged at the top kettle opening of the tar removing kettle 8, and a tar removing kettle cover 13 is covered on the tar removing kettle 8, so that the tar removing kettle 8 is ensured to be airtight;
C. the heater 3 is started to heat the retort 1, and the tar outflow faucet 9 is closed;
D. sequentially opening a pneumatic pump I6, a valve I7, a pneumatic pump II15 and a valve II 16;
E. the smoke emerging from the pipe hole 21 on the branch pipe 20 is the artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke.
As shown in fig. 1, the apparatus for preparing the artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke mainly comprises a dry distillation kettle 1, a tar removing kettle 8, a heater 3, a first smoke air guide bent pipe 5, a pneumatic pump I6, a valve I7, a second smoke air guide bent pipe 14, a pneumatic pump II15, a valve II 16, a hose 17, a connecting pipe 18, a main pipe 19 and a branch pipe 20, wherein the positions and the connection relations of the components are as follows:
a dry distillation kettle cover 4 is arranged on the top kettle opening cover of the dry distillation kettle 1, and a sealing ring is arranged between the top kettle opening of the dry distillation kettle 1 and the dry distillation kettle cover 4, so that the dry distillation kettle cover 4 is sealed and does not leak gas after covering the top kettle opening of the dry distillation kettle 1; a hole is formed in the upper part of the kettle wall of the dry distillation kettle 1, and one port of the first smoke guide bent pipe 5 is hermetically connected with the hole in the upper part of the kettle wall of the dry distillation kettle 1; the first smoke gas guiding bent pipe 5 is provided with a pneumatic pump I6 and a valve I7, the bottom surface in the dry distillation kettle 1 is provided with a wire netting I2, and the wire netting I2 has the function of preventing artemisia annua straws and tobacco straws from being deposited on the bottom layer after being carbonized, so that heat is difficult to transfer into the mixed straws;
a tar removing kettle cover 13 is arranged at the kettle opening at the top of the tar removing kettle 8, and a sealing ring is arranged between the kettle opening at the top of the tar removing kettle 8 and the tar removing kettle cover 13, so that the tar removing kettle cover 13 is sealed and does not leak gas after being covered at the kettle opening at the top of the tar removing kettle 8; two holes are formed in the upper part of the kettle wall of the tar removing kettle 8, the other end of the first smoke gas guide bent pipe 5 penetrates through one of the holes formed in the upper part of the kettle wall of the tar removing kettle 8 and extends into the lower part of the tar removing kettle 8, and the pipe wall of the first smoke gas guide bent pipe 5 is in sealing connection with the contact part of the holes formed in the upper part of the kettle wall of the tar removing kettle 8; another hole at the upper part of the tar removing kettle 8 is hermetically connected with one port of a second smoke gas guiding bent pipe 14, the other port of the second smoke gas guiding bent pipe 14 is hermetically connected with one end of a hose 17, and the other end of the hose 17 is hermetically connected with one end of a connecting pipe 18; the two ends of the main pipe 19 are closed, a hole is arranged in the middle of the main pipe 19, and the other end of the connecting pipe 18 is hermetically connected with the hole arranged in the middle of the main pipe 19; more than one hole is arranged on the pipe wall of the main pipe 19 opposite to the hole arranged in the middle of the main pipe 19, and each hole in the more than one hole is connected with one open end of one branch pipe 20; structure of the branch pipe: one end of the branch pipe is closed, and the other end of the branch pipe is opened, and the pipe wall of the branch pipe is provided with at least one pipe hole 21; the second smoke air guide bent pipe 14 is provided with a pneumatic pump II15 and a valve II 16; an iron stand 10 is arranged on the bottom surface in the tar removing kettle 8, an iron wire net II 11 is arranged on the top surface of the iron stand 10, and activated carbon 12 is stacked on the iron wire net II 11; the activated carbon 12 functions to filter tar in the smoke; the iron frame 10 and the wire netting II 11 are placed to prevent the lower layer of active carbon from blocking the tar from flowing out smoothly at the bottom of the kettle; the bottom of the tar removing kettle 8 is provided with a tar outflow faucet 9, so that tar contained at the bottom of the tar removing kettle 8 can flow out by opening the tar outflow faucet 9.
Example 2 application experiment of mixed smoke fumigation of artemisia annua tobacco straw to inhibit root rot pathogen of Chinese herbal medicine
The isolation, identification and culture method of the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium oxysporum) of panax notoginseng used in example 2 was described in reference to [ kazada edition. Chinese agricultural press; cbooth. the genus fusarium. commonwealth agrichurra, 1971; weijing Chaoshi, A manual for identifying fungus, Shanghai science and technology Press, 1979.
Under the aseptic condition, a puncher (0.5cm, sterilization treatment) of the same type is used for punching the edges of colonies of the fusarium oxysporum cultured, purified and identified, a scalpel is used for respectively picking the colonies punched by the puncher to be consistent in size and activity, the colonies are transferred to culture dishes containing PDA culture media, and 1 fusarium oxysporum colony is inoculated in each culture dish containing the PDA culture media. 6 parts of culture dishes inoculated with fusarium oxysporum colonies, wherein 6 parts of the culture dishes comprise treatment 1, treatment 2, treatment 3, treatment 4, treatment 5 and treatment 6 respectively in each 5 culture dishes. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. Treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were carried out in a smoke fumigation experiment. Treatment 6 is a blank control experiment without smoke fumigation.
The treatment 1, the treatment 2 and the treatment 3 are all smoke fumigation experiments carried out by using artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke, and the different artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke for the treatment 1, the treatment 2 and the treatment 3 is as follows:
the mixed smoke of the artemisia annua tobacco straws used in the treatment 1 is prepared by mixing small artemisia annua straws and small tobacco straw sections according to the following steps: the tobacco straws are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1 and then are put into a dry distillation kettle 1, and then the artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke is prepared according to the preparation method of the artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke in the embodiment 1.
The mixed smoke of the artemisia annua tobacco straws used in the treatment 2 is prepared by mixing small artemisia annua straws and small tobacco straw segments according to the following steps: the tobacco straws are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:1 and then are put into a dry distillation kettle 1, and then the artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke is prepared according to the preparation method of the artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke in the embodiment 1.
The mixed smoke of the artemisia annua tobacco straws used in the treatment 3 is prepared by mixing small artemisia annua straws and small tobacco straw segments according to the following steps: the tobacco straws are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:2 and then are put into a dry distillation kettle 1, and then the artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke is prepared according to the preparation method of the artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke in the embodiment 1.
4, a smoke fumigation experiment is carried out by using single dose of artemisia annua straw smoke.
The preparation method of the artemisia annua straw single-dose smoke in the treatment 4 is the same as the preparation method of the artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke in the example 1 except that the straw filled into the retort 1 in the step A in the example 1 is only the artemisia annua straw.
The preparation method of the tobacco straw single-agent smoke in the treatment 5 is the same as the preparation method of the artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke described in the embodiment 1 except that the tobacco straws loaded into the retort 1 in the step A in the embodiment 1 are only the tobacco straws.
the culture dish (without a culture dish cover) containing the PDA culture medium and inoculated with the fusarium oxysporum colony is placed into a high-temperature resistant plastic container made of high-temperature resistant plastic, the branch pipe 20, the main pipe 19 and part of the connecting pipe 18 in the equipment for preparing the artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke in the embodiment 1 extend into the high-temperature resistant plastic container, the other part of the connecting pipe 18 is arranged outside the container opening of the high-temperature resistant plastic container, and the contact part of the pipe wall of the connecting pipe 18 and the container opening of the high-temperature resistant plastic container is sealed. The preparation method of the artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke as in example 1 is used for preparing the smoke, after the smoke is generated, the generated smoke is sent into the high-temperature resistant plastic container through the pressure of each air pressure pump, when the high-temperature resistant plastic container is filled with the smoke, the heating of the retort is stopped, then the air pressure pump I, the valve I, the air pressure pump II and the valve II are closed, the smoke is stopped from being filled into the high-temperature resistant plastic container, the fumigation time of the smoke is 5 for each treatment, the table 1 is detailed, the sealed high-temperature resistant plastic container is opened on time, a culture dish cover is covered, a culture dish is taken out, the culture dish is placed in an incubator for 5 days, the growth diameter of bacterial colonies is measured and recorded, and the inhibition effect is calculated.
And (6) treatment: the culture dish cover is covered on the culture dish containing the PDA culture medium and inoculated with the fusarium oxysporum colony and is directly placed in the incubator for culturing for 5 days, and the growth diameter of the colony is measured and recorded.
The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of the effects of mixed smoke fumigation of Artemisia annua and tobacco stalks on inhibiting root rot of Chinese herbal medicine (colony diameter)
The diameter of the colonies in Table 1 is in cm. The fusarium oxysporum inhibition rate calculation formula:
fusarium oxysporum inhibition [ | treated colony diameter-untreated colony diameter |/untreated colony diameter ] X100%.
Claims (4)
1. The application of the mixed smoke fumigation of the artemisia annua tobacco stalks for inhibiting the root rot pathogen of the Chinese herbal medicine is characterized in that: fumigating and inhibiting the root rot pathogen of the Chinese herbal medicine by using the mixed smoke of the artemisia annua tobacco straws;
the fumigating time is 6-8 hours;
the Chinese herbal medicine root rot pathogen is fusarium oxysporum;
the artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke is prepared by mixing artemisia annua straws and tobacco straws, putting the mixture into a dry distillation kettle for dry distillation, and collecting smoke generated in the dry distillation process, namely the artemisia annua tobacco straw mixed smoke;
mixing the artemisia annua straws and the tobacco straws into artemisia annua straws: the tobacco straws are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1-2: 1-2.
2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: mixing the artemisia annua straws and the tobacco straws into artemisia annua straws: the tobacco straws are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
3. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: mixing the artemisia annua straws and the tobacco straws into artemisia annua straws: the tobacco straws are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2: 1.
4. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the Chinese herbal medicine root rot pathogen is fusarium oxysporum.
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1387766A (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2003-01-01 | 吐尔逊古力·艾比布拉 | Insecticide for preventing and controlling scale insect and its making process |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1387766A (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2003-01-01 | 吐尔逊古力·艾比布拉 | Insecticide for preventing and controlling scale insect and its making process |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 40种杂草的丙酮提取物对3种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性;齐军山，陈靠山，李美，李长松，李林，李凡;《植物资源与环境学报》;20080825;第17卷(第3期);第49-52页 * |
| 烟草提取物抑菌活性研究;段苏珍;《中国农业科学院学位论文》;20160115;第6-10页 * |
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