CN107365712B - Method for agricultural planting of poria cocos - Google Patents
Method for agricultural planting of poria cocos Download PDFInfo
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- CN107365712B CN107365712B CN201710711494.8A CN201710711494A CN107365712B CN 107365712 B CN107365712 B CN 107365712B CN 201710711494 A CN201710711494 A CN 201710711494A CN 107365712 B CN107365712 B CN 107365712B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 241001619444 Wolfiporia cocos Species 0.000 title 1
- 244000197580 Poria cocos Species 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000005944 Chlorpyrifos Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000005946 Cypermethrin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- SBPBAQFWLVIOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorpyrifos Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)OC1=NC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl SBPBAQFWLVIOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- KAATUXNTWXVJKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cypermethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)C(C=C(Cl)Cl)C1C(=O)OC(C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 KAATUXNTWXVJKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229960005424 cypermethrin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000628997 Flos Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000042664 Matricaria chamomilla Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007232 Matricaria chamomilla Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000189548 Chrysanthemum x morifolium Species 0.000 claims 1
- 229930003270 Vitamin B Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019156 vitamin B Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011720 vitamin B Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
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- 241001558929 Sclerotium <basidiomycota> Species 0.000 description 5
- VDYCLYGKCGVBHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pachymaic acid Natural products CC12CCC(OC(C)=O)C(C)(C)C1CCC1=C2CCC2(C)C(C(CCC(=C)C(C)C)C(O)=O)C(O)CC21C VDYCLYGKCGVBHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SRDNLMOBFKJOSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N pachymic acid Natural products CC12CCC(OC(C)=O)C(C)(C)C1CCC1=C2CCC2(C)C(C(CCC=C(C)C)C(O)=O)C(O)CC21C SRDNLMOBFKJOSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 239000011691 vitamin B1 Substances 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 201000004569 Blindness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001414826 Lygus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000222341 Polyporaceae Species 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine planting, in particular to a method for planting poria cocos in agriculture, which mainly comprises five steps of land preparation and land selection, strain breeding, inoculation, field management and harvesting and processing; the substitute formula provided by the invention is used as a substitute raw material of pine, provides nutrition required by growth of poria cocos, protects pine resources, and improves the survival rate of inoculation by using straw stalks and petal residues of a hydrolat processing factory; the chlorpyrifos and the cypermethrin embedded in the hydroxymethyl cellulose-polyacrylic acid composite gel realize intelligent drug release, the drug release rate is automatically adjusted along with the change of temperature, and the pesticide pollution is reduced; the method solves the problems existing in the traditional tuckahoe planting, is beneficial to improving the tuckahoe product quality, utilizes the straw stalk which is produced in agriculture and can not be consumed, protects the environment, and solves the problems that tuckahoe consumes pine resources, suffers from insect damage and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine planting, in particular to a method for planting poria cocos in agriculture.
Background
Poria is dry sclerotium of Poria cocos (a fungus of Polyporaceae), is a traditional Chinese medicinal material, and has main effective components of polysaccharides and triterpenes. Due to the definite and obvious clinical curative effect, the usage amount of the tuckahoe is increased year by year, wild products are continuously excavated, and the resources face serious challenges.
With the wild poria cocos fungi no longer meeting the requirements of people, the standardized planting of poria cocos becomes an inevitable requirement for social development. In recent years, poria cocos is vigorously cultivated in various places to replace wild products for resource protection, but cultivation methods are various, and the cultivation process has some unsatisfactory problems: the seed production is disordered, the quality is not guaranteed, some special households or cooperative companies engaged in the strain production and management are lack of basic theory for strain propagation, the basic theory is often lacked according to the traditional experience, the blindness is great, the equipment for strain production and production is simple and crude, and the aseptic requirement cannot be met; the hypha browning phenomenon is common due to the fact that growth conditions such as nitrogen source, high-concentration iodine, pH value and temperature are not suitable; the using amount of pine wood has great randomness, the large area of pine forest is reduced due to the fact that a large amount of pine wood is cut down for cultivating poria cocos, and the ecological environment is seriously damaged; optionally selecting places, and neglecting continuous cropping obstacles; the method is suitable for field management, and the main pests of the poria cocos in the planting period include poria cocos lygus rhynchophyllus and termites. The two pests occur in large scale in tuckahoe production areas, have great influence on the yield and quality of tuckahoe, cause pesticide pollution and pest resistance due to irregular random use of chemical pesticides, and the pest problem also becomes a key problem for limiting tuckahoe production.
In order to ensure the quality of poria cocos medicinal materials and the sustainable development of resource environment, a reasonable and efficient poria cocos planting technology is urgently needed, the poria cocos planting technology is converted into agricultural productivity through agricultural technology popularization, the income of farmers is increased, the agricultural production is consolidated, the economic development of China is further promoted, and the social stability is maintained.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an agricultural poria cocos planting method, which adopts a substitute formula to replace pine, fully utilizes the straw resource produced in agriculture, protects the environment, improves the quality of poria cocos products, intelligently releases pesticides to improve the pesticide effect, reduces pesticide pollution and is suitable for agricultural large-scale production.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for planting Poria cocos in agriculture comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and selection: deeply ploughing soil, removing impurities, alternately using potassium permanganate solution and sodium hypochlorite solution for disinfection treatment, then using organic fertilizer to adjust the pH value of the soil to 3-5, and dredging a ditch;
(2) and (3) strain breeding: selecting Poria cocos strains which grow vigorously and are free of impurity bacteria pollution, cleaning and disinfecting, then transferring into a culture bag filled with a substitute material and a culture medium, sealing, culturing in a constant-temperature incubator at 25-28 ℃ for 5-10 days, transferring into a room at normal temperature for continuous culture until white and vigorous hyphae grow in the culture bag, wherein the substitute material comprises the following components: 34.5% of straw stalk, 24.0% of pine sawdust, 15.5% of rose petal, 13.5% of corncob, 8.0% of chrysanthemum petal, 3.0% of cane sugar and 1.5% of gypsum powder;
(3) inoculation: opening the cellar along the slope of the hillside, wherein the cellar is 20cm deep, 30-40cm wide and 50cm long, insecticide is placed at the bottom of the cellar and is uniformly mixed with soil, 2 bags of substitute materials are placed closely in each cellar, hypha and 0.1-0.15kg of target poria cocos blocks are placed, soil is covered for 15cm, and the insecticide is prepared by embedding chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin in hydroxymethyl cellulose-polyacrylic acid composite gel;
(4) field management: 7-10 days after inoculation, comprehensively checking the survival condition of inoculation, taking out the damaged strains in time, replanting after soil disinfection, comprehensively checking for the second time in 45-50 days, and timely earthing up, weeding and draining;
(5) harvesting and processing: stacking harvested mature Poria in indoor sheltering place, pressing with rice straw to separate water, spreading and air drying Poria, stacking with rice straw again, peeling Poria skin, cutting into Poria blocks, and sun drying.
Further, the preparation method of the pesticide comprises the following steps: dissolving hydroxymethyl cellulose in water at 65-75 ℃, cooling to room temperature, sequentially adding acrylic acid, N-succinimidyl and tetramethylethylenediamine, heating to 40 ℃, stirring for 20min, adding ammonium persulfate, reacting for 6h under the protection of nitrogen to obtain a composite gel solution, weighing chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin, dissolving in liquid paraffin to obtain a mixed solution, slowly dripping the mixed solution into the composite gel solution, cooling to room temperature, adding sodium lauryl sulfate, dialyzing for 20h, and freeze-drying to obtain the pesticide.
Further, the culture medium consists of the following components: 200g of potato, 25g of glucose, 20g of agar, 0.5g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.3g of magnesium sulfate, 0.3g of ammonium nitrate and vitamin B10.05g of water and 1000g of water.
Furthermore, the tuckahoe strains are selected from high-quality varieties which are suitable for local temperature climate and have high and stable yield.
Further, the manufacturing method of the substitute comprises the following steps: mixing the cut straw stalk and gypsum powder, adding pine sawdust, adding crushed rose petal, flos Chrysanthemi petal and corn cob, rapidly stirring, adding molten sucrose, bagging, removing 500g per bag, removing the materials adhered to the inner and outer wall surfaces of the bag opening, sealing, autoclaving for 2 hr, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain substitute material.
Further, the rose petals and the chamomile petals are recovered from a hydrolat processing plant.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a substitute formula which is used as a substitute raw material of pine wood, provides nutrition required by growth of poria cocos, protects pine wood resources, fully utilizes straw stalks and petal residues of a hydrolat processing factory, reduces environmental pollution caused by burning the straw stalks and treating the petal residues, greatly improves the inoculation survival rate, and has higher content of active ingredients (total poria polysaccharide, total poria cocos triterpenes and pachymic acid) than that of the poria cocos cultivated by the traditional pine wood.
When land preparation and selection are carried out, soil is taken off and solarized, and after the potassium permanganate solution and the sodium hypochlorite solution are alternately used for disinfecting the soil, the infection of the mould on tuckahoe strains and substitute materials is reduced, and the consumption of the mould on nutrient components is reduced.
With the rise of the temperature, the activities of the Indian buead rhynchophyllus and the termites become more frequent, the drug release capacity of the chlorpyrifos and the cypermethrin embedded by the hydroxymethyl cellulose-polyacrylic acid composite gel is accelerated along with the rise of the temperature, the drug release function is realized, the volatilization rate of the chlorpyrifos drug is reduced, the degradation effect of acid soil on the cypermethrin is reduced, the drug spraying frequency is reduced, the pesticide pollution is reduced, the drug release rate can be spontaneously adjusted along with the change of the temperature, the drugs are intelligently released, and the drug effect is more durable.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a method for planting Poria cocos in agriculture comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and selection: selecting a sunny hillside with yellow sandy soil and good drainage, wherein the slope of the hillside is 10-25 degrees, deeply turning the soil 10 days before the inoculation of the poria cocos to break soil blocks, removing impurities, digging the soil, solarizing the soil, alternately using a potassium permanganate solution and a sodium hypochlorite solution for disinfection, using an organic fertilizer to adjust the pH value of the soil to 4, dredging a ditch and ensuring that rainwater can be smoothly discharged;
(2) and (3) strain breeding: selecting Poria cocos strains which grow vigorously and have no foreign bacteria pollution from high-quality varieties which are suitable for local temperature climate and have high and stable yield on the fifth day after clearing, cleaning and sterilizing, transferring the Poria cocos strains into a culture bag filled with a substitute and a culture medium, sealing, culturing for 5 days in a constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃, and transferring into a room at normal temperature for continuous culture until white vigorous hyphae grow in the culture bag;
the culture medium consists of the following components: 200g of potato, 25g of glucose, 20g of agar, 0.5g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.3g of magnesium sulfate, 0.3g of ammonium nitrate and vitamin B10.05g of water and 1000g of water, and autoclaving for 2 hours after the culture medium is prepared;
the substitute material comprises the following components: 34.5% of straw stalk, 24.0% of pine sawdust, 15.5% of rose petal, 13.5% of corncob, 8.0% of chrysanthemum petal, 3.0% of cane sugar and 1.5% of gypsum powder; uniformly mixing the chopped straw stalks with gypsum powder, adding pine sawdust, sequentially adding crushed rose petals, chrysanthemum petals and corncobs after uniformly stirring, quickly stirring and adding molten cane sugar, bagging, filling 500g of molten cane sugar into each bag, removing materials adhered to the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the bag opening, sealing, sterilizing at high pressure for 2 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature for later use;
(3) inoculation: opening the cellar along the slope of the hillside, wherein the cellar depth is 20cm, the width is 35cm, the length is 50cm, adding pesticide at the bottom of the cellar and uniformly mixing with soil, placing 2 bags of substitute materials in each cellar tightly, adding mycelium and 0.12kg of targeting poria cocos blocks, and covering with 15cm of soil;
the pesticide is prepared by embedding chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin in hydroxymethyl cellulose-polyacrylic acid composite gel: dissolving 5g of hydroxymethyl cellulose in 1000ml of 70 ℃ water, cooling to room temperature, sequentially adding 65g of acrylic acid, 2.41g of N-succinimidyl and 0.40g of tetramethylethylenediamine, heating to 40 ℃, stirring for 20min, adding 0.30g of ammonium persulfate, reacting for 6h under the protection of nitrogen to prepare a composite gel solution, weighing 3.5g of 97.5% chlorpyrifos crude powder and 3.0g of 96.5% cypermethrin crude powder, dissolving in 40ml of liquid paraffin to obtain a mixed solution, slowly dripping the mixed solution into the composite gel solution, cooling to room temperature, adding 2.85g of sodium lauryl sulfate, continuously stirring for 20h, dialyzing for 2 days, and freeze-drying;
(4) field management: 7 days after inoculation, comprehensively checking the survival condition of inoculation, taking out damaged strains in time, performing sterilization treatment by using potassium permanganate solution, performing reseeding, performing second comprehensive inspection in 45 days, and performing earthing and weeding in time if the poria cocos is exposed out of the ground after sclerotia is formed, and paying attention to drainage work in a cellar;
(5) harvesting and processing: when the appearance of the poria cocos is yellow brown and no white crack appears, harvesting in sunny days, stacking harvested poria cocos at an indoor wind sheltering position, pressing a straw cover to separate water, spreading and airing the poria cocos with separated water, stacking the straw again until the poria cocos skin is shrunk to be brown, peeling off the poria cocos skin, cutting into poria cocos blocks, and airing.
Example 2:
a method for planting Poria cocos in agriculture comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and selection: selecting a sunny hillside with yellow sandy soil and good drainage, wherein the slope of the hillside is 10-25 degrees, deeply turning over the soil 15 days before the inoculation of the poria cocos to break soil blocks, removing impurities, digging the soil, solarizing the soil, alternately using potassium permanganate solution and sodium hypochlorite solution for disinfection treatment, using organic fertilizer to adjust the pH value of the soil to 5, dredging a ditch, and ensuring that rainwater can be smoothly discharged;
(2) and (3) strain breeding: selecting Poria cocos strains which grow vigorously and have no foreign bacteria pollution from high-quality varieties which are suitable for local temperature climate and have high and stable yield on the fifth day after clearing, cleaning and sterilizing, transferring the Poria cocos strains into a culture bag filled with a substitute and a culture medium, sealing, culturing for 7 days in a constant-temperature incubator at 25 ℃, transferring into a room temperature for continuous culture until white and vigorous hyphae grow in the culture bag;
the culture medium consists of the following components: 200g of potato, 25g of glucose, 20g of agar, 0.5g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.3g of magnesium sulfate, 0.3g of ammonium nitrate and vitamin B10.05g of water and 1000g of water, and autoclaving for 2 hours after the culture medium is prepared;
the substitute material comprises the following components: 34.5% of straw stalk, 24.0% of pine sawdust, 15.5% of rose petal, 13.5% of corncob, 8.0% of chrysanthemum petal, 3.0% of cane sugar and 1.5% of gypsum powder; uniformly mixing the chopped straw stalks with gypsum powder, adding pine sawdust, sequentially adding crushed rose petals, chrysanthemum petals and corncobs after uniformly stirring, quickly stirring and adding molten cane sugar, bagging, filling 500g of molten cane sugar into each bag, removing materials adhered to the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the bag opening, sealing, sterilizing at high pressure for 2 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature for later use;
(3) inoculation: opening the cellar along the slope of the hillside, wherein the cellar depth is 20cm, the cellar width is 40cm, the cellar length is 50cm, insecticide is placed at the bottom of the cellar and is uniformly mixed with soil, 2 bags of substitute materials are placed closely in each cellar, then hypha and 0.12kg of target poria cocos blocks are placed, and the soil is covered by 15 cm;
the pesticide is prepared by embedding chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin in hydroxymethyl cellulose-polyacrylic acid composite gel: dissolving 5g of hydroxymethyl cellulose in 1000ml of water with the temperature of 75 ℃, cooling to room temperature, sequentially adding 65g of acrylic acid, 2.41g of N-succinimidyl and 0.40g of tetramethylethylenediamine, heating to 40 ℃, stirring for 20min, adding 0.30g of ammonium persulfate, reacting for 6h under the protection of nitrogen to prepare a composite gel solution, weighing 3.5g of 97.5% chlorpyrifos crude powder and 3.0g of 96.5% cypermethrin crude powder, dissolving in 40ml of liquid paraffin to obtain a mixed solution, slowly dripping the mixed solution into the composite gel solution, cooling to room temperature, adding 2.85g of sodium lauryl sulfate, continuously stirring for 20h, dialyzing for 2 days, and freeze-drying;
(4) field management: completely checking the survival condition of inoculation 10 days after inoculation, taking out the damaged strains in time, performing sterilization treatment by using potassium permanganate solution, performing reseeding, performing second comprehensive check 50 days, and performing earthing and weeding in time if the poria cocos is exposed out of the ground after sclerotia is formed, and paying attention to drainage work in a cellar;
(5) harvesting and processing: when the appearance of the poria cocos is yellow brown and no white crack appears, harvesting in sunny days, stacking harvested poria cocos at an indoor wind sheltering position, pressing a straw cover to separate water, spreading and airing the poria cocos with separated water, stacking the straw again until the poria cocos skin is shrunk to be brown, peeling off the poria cocos skin, cutting into poria cocos blocks, and airing.
Selecting 40 cellars of poria cocos (substitute group) cultivated by the method of the invention and 40 cellars of poria cocos (traditional group) cultivated by pine wood without embedded chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin for killing insects, and comparing the properties and effective components (total poria polysaccharide, total poria triterpene and pachymic acid) of poria cocos of the substitute group and the traditional group.
And (3) determining the content of the total poria polysaccharide: adding 30ml petroleum ether (boiling range of 60-90 deg.C) into 1.0000g Poria powder, extracting at 80 deg.C for 2 hr, cooling, filtering, adding 100ml 0.1 mol.L into dried residue at 0-5 deg.C-1NaOH solution for 1 hour to obtain mixed suspension, 3000 r.min-1Centrifuging the mixed suspension at the rotating speed of (1) for 20min, sucking the supernatant, adding 10% acetic acid solution, adjusting the pH value to 5 to obtain a paste solution, centrifuging the paste solution, removing the supernatant, centrifuging again and removing the supernatant, wherein the white gel floccule at the lower layer is the purified total pachyman; and (3) carrying out poria cocos total polysaccharide content determination on the poria cocos sclerotia of the substitute group and the traditional group by adopting a phenol-sulfuric acid method.
And (3) determining the total triterpene content of the poria cocos: adding 15ml of 75% methanol solution into 0.5000g of Poria cocos powder, performing ultrasonic extraction for 2h, filtering, transferring the filtrate to a 25ml volumetric flask for constant volume to obtain a sample, sucking 0.4ml of the sample into a 10ml test tube, heating at 70 ℃ to remove the solvent, cooling, adding 0.4ml of 5% vanillin glacial acetic acid solution and 1.8ml perchloric acid, heating at 70 ℃ for 20min, putting into ice water, adding 5ml glacial acetic acid after 10min, fully shaking up, and measuring the absorbance at 540 nm.
Determination of pachymic acid content: adding 20ml of methanol into 0.5000g of poria cocos powder, carrying out ultrasonic extraction for 1h, filtering, transferring filtrate into a 25ml volumetric flask for constant volume to obtain a sample, sucking 5ml of the sample into an evaporation vessel, removing a solvent, adding a small amount of methanol into the evaporation vessel, transferring the evaporation vessel into a 2ml volumetric flask, and filtering through a 0.45 mu m microporous membrane to obtain a sample solution; balancePutting 0.0010g of pachymic acid reference substance into a 5ml volumetric flask, and adding methanol to a constant volume to obtain a reference substance solution; sucking 10 μ l of sample solution from the substitute group and the conventional group, at column temperature of 30 deg.C, mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.2% acetic acid (82: 18), and flow rate of 1.0 ml/min-1And HPLC detection was carried out at a detection wavelength of 210 nm.
The measurement data of the substitute group and the conventional group are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Properties and effective component data of the Material group and the conventional group
| Measurement items | Material substituting group | Legacy group |
| Number of harvesting cellar | 39 | 34 |
| Survival Rate for Vaccination (%) | 97.5 | 85.0 |
| Maximum number of sclerotium (g) | 463 | 642 |
| Minimum sclerotium quantity (g) | 220 | 118 |
| Average weight of sclerotium (g) | 331.8 | 342.6 |
| Poria Total polysaccharide content (%) | 79.53 | 58.80 |
| Poria cocos Total triterpene content (%) | 0.69 | 0.52 |
| Pachymic acid content (%) | 0.14 | 0.06 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the inoculation survival rate of the substitute group is higher than that of the conventional group, the weight interval of the harvested sclerotium is more stable, the contents of active ingredients (pachyman, pachyman triterpene and pachyman acid) are higher, and particularly, the contents of pachyman acid in the substitute group are more than 2 times that in the conventional group.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for planting poria cocos in agriculture is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land preparation and selection: deeply ploughing soil, removing impurities, alternately using potassium permanganate solution and sodium hypochlorite solution for disinfection treatment, then using organic fertilizer to adjust the pH value of the soil to 3-5, and dredging a ditch;
(2) and (3) strain breeding: selecting Poria cocos strains which grow vigorously and are free of impurity bacteria pollution, cleaning and disinfecting, then transferring into a culture bag filled with a substitute material and a culture medium, sealing, culturing in a constant-temperature incubator at 25-28 ℃ for 5-10 days, transferring into a room at normal temperature for continuous culture until white and vigorous hyphae grow in the culture bag, wherein the substitute material comprises the following components: 34.5% of straw stalk, 24.0% of pine sawdust, 15.5% of rose petal, 13.5% of corncob, 8.0% of chrysanthemum petal, 3.0% of cane sugar and 1.5% of gypsum powder;
(3) inoculation: opening the cellar along the slope of the hillside, wherein the cellar is 20cm deep, 30-40cm wide and 50cm long, insecticide is placed at the bottom of the cellar and is uniformly mixed with soil, 2 bags of substitute materials are placed closely in each cellar, hypha and 0.1-0.15kg of target poria cocos blocks are placed, soil is covered for 15cm, and the insecticide is prepared by embedding chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin in hydroxymethyl cellulose-polyacrylic acid composite gel;
(4) field management: 7-10 days after inoculation, comprehensively checking the survival condition of inoculation, taking out the damaged strains in time, replanting after soil disinfection, comprehensively checking for the second time in 45-50 days, and timely earthing up, weeding and draining;
(5) harvesting and processing: stacking harvested mature Poria in indoor windproof place, pressing with rice straw to allow water to be separated out, spreading and air drying Poria, stacking with rice straw again, peeling Poria skin, cutting into Poria blocks, and sun drying;
the preparation method of the pesticide comprises the following steps: dissolving hydroxymethyl cellulose in water at 65-75 ℃, cooling to room temperature, sequentially adding acrylic acid, N-succinimidyl and tetramethylethylenediamine, heating to 40 ℃, stirring for 20min, adding ammonium persulfate, reacting for 6h under the protection of nitrogen to prepare a composite gel solution, weighing chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin, dissolving in liquid paraffin to obtain a mixed solution, slowly dripping the mixed solution into the composite gel solution, cooling to room temperature, adding sodium lauryl sulfate, dialyzing for 20h, and freeze-drying to obtain the pesticide;
the culture medium consists of the following components: 200g of potato, 25g of glucose, 20g of agar, 0.5g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.3g of magnesium sulfate, 0.3g of ammonium nitrate, 10.05g of vitamin B and 1000g of water.
2. The method for agriculturally planting poria cocos according to claim 1, wherein the method for making the substitute material comprises the steps of: mixing the cut straw stalk and gypsum powder, adding pine sawdust, adding crushed rose petal, flos Chrysanthemi petal and corn cob, rapidly stirring, adding molten sucrose, bagging, removing 500g per bag, removing the materials adhered to the inner and outer wall surfaces of the bag opening, sealing, autoclaving for 2 hr, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain substitute material.
3. The method for agriculturally planting poria cocos of claim 1, wherein the rose petals and the chamomile petals are recovered from a hydrolat processing plant.
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