CN107364441A - 一种增程式电动汽车燃油消耗率最小控制方法 - Google Patents

一种增程式电动汽车燃油消耗率最小控制方法 Download PDF

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CN107364441A
CN107364441A CN201710587995.XA CN201710587995A CN107364441A CN 107364441 A CN107364441 A CN 107364441A CN 201710587995 A CN201710587995 A CN 201710587995A CN 107364441 A CN107364441 A CN 107364441A
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杜福银
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Abstract

针对增程式电动汽车发动机燃油消耗率最小的问题，本发明采用控制增程发电系统发电机变流装置使输出母线电压稳定，使发动机实际转速随负荷变化而变化，发动机实际转速遵循燃油消耗率最小原控制发动机实时喷油量的方法，来实现系统自动输出需要电能同时燃油消耗率始终最小。节能减排，方法简单易行。

Description

一种增程式电动汽车燃油消耗率最小控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种增程式电动汽车燃油消耗率最小控制方法。
背景技术
石油枯竭和环境污染已经成为世界汽车工业乃至全人类目前面临的最紧迫的问题，增程式电动汽车，其与传统燃油车相比，增程器的发动机能够控制在最优工作状态，具有排放量小的特点，与纯电动汽车相比，所需电池容量要小很多，成本较低且不会缺电抛锚，增程式电动汽车以其节能环保的巨大优势，受到各国政府越来越多的重视。
增程式电动车的APU控制策略的研究，汽车工程，2013年（第35 卷）第9期公开了一种在发动机目标转矩给定的情况下，采用发电机控制转速，根据发电机当前转矩进行反馈控制发动机转矩的方式进行APU（由发电机与发动机组成的辅助动力单元）的协调控制的方法来跟踪发动机最优工作曲线，不足之处跟踪发动机最优工作曲线是一个过程，该过程发动机工作状态不是最优。
中国专利公开号 CN 103863087 B，公告日2017年01月11日，发明名称为一种基于发动机最优工作线的插电式混合动力汽车节能预测控制方法，该发明公开了一种首先确定发动机最优工作线，其次运用所建立的数学模型和公式化控制策略求解最优控制问题，最后应用所求得的最优控制序列的第一个控制量于系统，使发动机工作于最优工作线附近的方法，不足之处发动机仅工作在最优工作线附近，而不是最优工作线上。。
发明内容
拟解决的技术问题
上述现有方法无法满足发动机在满足输出需要电能的前提下又始终工作在燃油消耗率最小状态下，为解决以上问题，本发明提出了一种增程式电动汽车燃油消耗率最小控制方法。
技术方案
1.检测发电机转速，车轮转速，驱动电机转速，发动机转速，变速杆位置，加速踏板位置，高压蓄电池荷电状态；2.基于步骤1整车检测信息及路况预测信息给定发动机目标输出功率；3. 通过控制发电机使发动机输出其目标功率；特征在于，所述的步骤3，在发动机实际转速小于或等于额定值时发动机实际转速遵循燃油消耗率最小原则控制实时喷油量，在发动机实际转速大于额定值小于最高转速值时喷油量保持在额定转速时的喷油量不再增加，在发动机实际转速大于或等于最高转速值时发动机喷油量为怠速喷油量。根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，控制发电机输出变流装置使输出母线电压稳定在额定值。根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，加速踏位置传感器有信号，发动机实际转速控制实际喷油量，若加速踏位置传感器无信号，发动机怠速运转。
有益效益
本发明提出增程式电动汽车燃油消耗率最小控制方法，发动机在满足输出需要电能的前提下又始终工作在燃油消耗率最小状态下，既节能减排，又简单易行。
附图说明
图1是增程式电动车动力系统构型图；
图2是稳定工作点的判断。
具体实施方式
离线检测建立发动机实际转速遵循燃油消耗率最小原则控制当前喷油量条件下的发动机输出扭矩与转速之间的关系并绘制机械特性曲线1，针对某一确定发动机，曲线1不变。方法如下：根据内燃机的速度特性图，得到不同喷油量下，燃油消耗率最小时速度值和扭矩值，该速度值和扭矩值确定一个曲线上的点，改变喷油量时，可获得曲线1上更多不一样的点，发动机转速超过额定转速时，喷油量不再增加，将这些点曲线拟合，就可建立燃油消耗率最小原则条件发动机输出扭矩与转速之间的函数关系及相应曲线1。曲线1是随速度增大扭矩先增后减的凸曲线，扭矩最大值对应发动机额定转速，如图2中曲线1所示。
离线检测建立发电机作为发动机负载时负载扭矩与转速之间的关系并绘制机械特性曲线2，每一个参数值或每一个负载对应一条确定的曲线2，亦相应对应一个确定的与曲线1的交点,根据电磁关系式（1），
式（1）
式（1）中，T是发电机作为负载时的负载扭矩，n是发电机转速，Ke，Kt是与发电机结构有关的常数，当励磁电流和负载R不变时，该曲线大概形状是过原点，且扭矩随速度增加而增加的直线，如图2中曲线2所示，曲线2斜率与励磁电流和负载R有关。
选择发动机和发电机参数满足在需要的工作速度范围内，曲线1和曲线2有交点。这些交点是增程发电系统的稳定运行点，证明如下：如图2所示，发电系统开始运行在o点，若有干扰使发动机速度上升到n3，干扰消失，此时负载转矩Td大于发动机转矩Tb，所以速度下降，到o点重新达到平衡；若有干扰使发动机速度下降到n1，干扰消失，此时负载转矩Tc小于发动机转矩Ta，所以速度上升，到o点重新达到平衡，所以，这些交点是增程发电系统的稳定运行点。在保持励磁电流不变时，调节DC/DC（直流变换环节）的的占空比D相当于改变了负载R，改变了曲线1和曲线2的交点，可以使发动机稳定运行在新的速度点上。
车辆在线运行时，首先检测发电机转速，车轮转速，驱动电机转速，发动机转速，变速杆位置，加速踏板位置，高压蓄电池荷电状态。然后基于车辆检测信息及路况预测信息给定发动机目标输出功率，根据发动机输出扭矩与转速之间的关系换算出目标输出功率对应的目标转速。通过模糊控制或者PID控制构成闭环，调节DC/DC（直流变换环节）的的占空比D，使发电机输出电压变流后的目标母线电压稳定在额定值。
发动机转速换算成喷油信号后串联一个开关，开关受加速踏板踏控制，加速踏板踏下时，开关接通；否则，开关断开，发动机怠速运转。

Claims (3)

1.一种增程式电动汽车燃油消耗率最小控制方法，包括以下步骤：1.检测发电机转速，车轮转速，驱动电机转速，发动机转速，变速杆位置，加速踏板位置，高压蓄电池荷电状态；2.基于步骤1整车检测信息及路况预测信息给定发动机目标输出功率；3. 通过控制发电机使发动机输出其目标功率；特征在于，所述的步骤3，在发动机实际转速小于或等于额定值时发动机实际转速遵循燃油消耗率最小原则控制实时喷油量，在发动机实际转速大于额定值小于最高转速值时喷油量保持在额定转速时的喷油量不再增加，在发动机实际转速大于或等于最高转速值时发动机喷油量为怠速喷油量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，控制发电机输出变流装置使输出母线电压稳定在额定值。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，加速踏位置传感器有信号，发动机实际转速控制实际喷油量，若加速踏位置传感器无信号，发动机怠速运转。
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