CN107362130B - 一种铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN107362130B
CN107362130B CN201710591620.0A CN201710591620A CN107362130B CN 107362130 B CN107362130 B CN 107362130B CN 201710591620 A CN201710591620 A CN 201710591620A CN 107362130 B CN107362130 B CN 107362130B
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杨革
梁鑫鑫
车程川
李媛
刘金锋
巩志金
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Qufu Normal University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统及其制备方法和应用,原料包括铜纳米,聚γ‑谷氨酸,壳聚糖、透明质酸、交联剂EDC/NHS,鼠李糖脂。本发明制得的纳米铜凝胶载药系统,可应用到医疗产品当中,尤其是在伤口敷料方面的应用。与现有的技术相比,本发明所获得的铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统,具有良好的生物相容性,抑菌性,首选铜纳米作为药物载体,鼠李糖脂作为药物分散剂,透明质酸作为凝胶稳固剂,形成的凝胶载药系统,保水性较高,失水率较低,药物包裹率较高,载药量较高,并且具有较高的可降解性,溶胀性能较好,原料廉价易得,生产工艺简单。

Description

一种铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于医学技术领域,涉及一种铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
聚γ-谷氨酸是一种均聚氨基酸类高分子物质,通过谷氨酸的α-NH2和γ-COOH以酰胺键的形式结合在一起的,因此分子内存在的大量酰胺键以及分子间形成的氢键,其分子量很大,通常在200KD-20000KD左右。在自然界或者人体内,能降解成内源性物质谷氨酸,使得该分子具有良好的生物降解性,没有蓄积或者毒副作用;含有许多游离羧基,是一个聚负离子基的生物聚合物,具有极高的吸水保湿性能,易于和一些药物结合在一起生成相对稳定的复合物药物,是一类非常理想的可生物降解的医用高分子材料,作为药用载体,具有很高的价值。
目前,聚γ-谷氨酸类凝胶载药系统应用较多的为银离子、金离子,具有较高的抑菌效果,但是因其属于贵金属,成本很高,无形中增加了使用者的经济负担,从而限制了胶载药系统的发展应用。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中存在的上述不足,提供一种铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统及其制备方法,制备获得的载药系统,具有较高的生物相容性,抑菌性能良好。
本发明还提供了上述铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统的应用,由于具有较高的药物负载率,在烧伤,割伤等伤口处的创伤敷料,扭伤处的活血化瘀,舒筋活血,消除肿胀的膏药等医药产品,及其面膜、护手霜等美容护肤产品中具有广泛的应用。
本发明技术方案如下:
一种铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统,为致密的三维网状多孔结构,凝胶交联度35.4%以上,纳米铜包含率为98.84~99.86%,药物负载率为95.67~97.48%,吸水度为35.5~39.7g/g,药物包裹率为47.82~59.94%。
所述铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统,制备原料包括:纳米铜、壳寡糖、聚γ-谷氨酸、EDC/NHS交联剂、透明质酸、鼠李糖脂和负载药物。
进一步地,所述的纳米铜,粒度为50nm。
进一步地,所述的纳米铜与壳寡糖、聚γ-谷氨酸的质量比为0.1~0.3: 2~5:50~90。
进一步地,所述的 EDC/NHS交联剂为 EDC和NHS溶于去离子水中配制成的0.5M交联剂溶液, EDC与NHS在水中的摩尔比为1:0.5,EDC/NHS交联剂用量为(100~300)μL/ (0.1~0.3mg纳米铜),优选250μL/0.15mg纳米铜。
进一步地,所述的透明质酸用量为(0.003~0.005)g/ (0.1~0.3mg纳米铜),优选为0.004g/0.15mg纳米铜。
进一步地,所述的鼠李糖脂用量为每mL原料总体积加入鼠李糖脂7~15mg。
进一步地,所述的负载药物,每0.1~0.3mg纳米铜负载0.004~0.008g药物,优选为每0.15mg纳米铜负载0.005g药物,负载药物优选为抗肿瘤药物顺铂(CDDP)或紫杉醇。
一种上述铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统的制备方法,步骤包括:
1)按配比取各原料,将纳米铜加入到灭过菌的去离子水中,超声20min,混合均匀,配制为300μg/mL纳米铜溶液;
2)将聚γ-谷氨酸,加入到灭过菌的去离子水中,搅拌溶解,配制为0.05~0.3g/mL的透明溶液,然后向透明溶液中加入步骤1)配制的纳米铜溶液,搅拌均匀,得到纳米铜的聚γ-谷氨酸溶液;
步骤2)中,纳米铜的聚γ-谷氨酸溶液中聚γ-谷氨酸和纳米铜的质量浓度比为50~90:0.1~0.3;
3)将透明质酸加入到步骤2)的纳米铜的聚γ-谷氨酸溶液中,搅拌均匀,再加入壳寡糖,搅拌均匀,形成均一溶液;
4)将步骤3)均一溶液微波加热9~15s,继续搅拌,直至形成澄清透明溶液;
5)将步骤4)澄清透明溶液冷却至室温,加入负载药物,继续搅拌,形成混合溶液;
6)称鼠李糖脂加入到步骤5)混合溶液中,继续搅拌,形成稳定均一的混合溶液,然后加入交联剂EDC/NHS,搅拌直至形成凝胶;
7)将步骤6)制备好的凝胶, 37℃恒温温育24h,即得铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统。
上述铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统的应用,可用于制备医药产品、护肤产品以及药物负载;尤其适用于创伤、烧伤等伤口中做伤口敷料,促进伤口的快速愈合,抑制伤口处细菌的繁殖;或者做成面膜、护手霜等。
铜离子和银离子、金离子一样,具有较高的抑菌效果,但是因其属于重金属离子,当浓度过大时,就会对细胞产生毒害作用,从而限制了铜离子在医药方面的应用,并且在离子的状态下,铜很容易和其它的物质发生化学反应,效果不好;而本发明发现在纳米状态下,通过限定其含量,可消除对细胞的毒害作用,并且由于其小尺寸效应,强大的比表面积,在杀菌方面,效果显著。
将铜纳米和聚γ-谷氨酸凝胶特异性结合,建立了一种新型铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统,开启了铜纳米在抑菌方面和药物方面的新应用。将其作为一种新型的载药系统,可以特异性的结合一些治疗疾病、抑菌药物、美容养颜药等,做出具有多种功能的敷料产品,在医疗技术,护肤美容等方面,具有重要的应用价值。
本发明铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统,纳米铜使得体系具有较好的抑菌效果,透明质酸作为稳定剂,制备得到的凝胶体系,溶胀性能良好,具有较高的保水性,失水率很低,鼠李糖脂作为生物活性分散剂,使得该凝胶体系药物包裹率较高,载药量较高,并且具有较高的可降解性,溶胀性能较好,原料廉价易得,生产工艺简单。该铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统,可用于医疗产品,尤其适用于创伤、烧伤等伤口中做伤口敷料,以及扭伤处用于活血化瘀,消除肿胀的膏药等,也可应用到护肤产品当中,如面膜、护手霜等。
附图说明
图1为不同含量的铜纳米对载药量的影响;
图2为MTT实验中不同铜纳米添加量对小鼠细胞存活率的影响。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方案,来进一步阐述本发明。并认为,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种新型铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统的制备,步骤为:
1)按配比取各原料,将纳米铜(50nm)加入到30mL灭过菌的去离子水中,超声20min,混合均匀,配制为300μg/mL铜纳米溶液;
2)取0.7g聚γ-谷氨酸,加入到5mL灭过菌的去离子水中,搅拌溶解,配制为0.14g/mL的透明溶液,然后向透明溶液中加入5mL步骤1)配制的纳米铜溶液,搅拌均匀,得到纳米铜的聚γ-谷氨酸溶液(聚γ-谷氨酸和纳米铜的质量浓度比为70:0.15);
3)称取0.04g透明质酸加入到步骤2)的纳米铜的聚γ-谷氨酸溶液当中,搅拌均匀,再加入0.05g壳寡糖,搅拌均匀,形成均一溶液;
4)将步骤3)均一溶液微波加热10s,连续搅拌,直至形成澄清透明溶液;
5)将步骤4)澄清透明溶液冷却至室温,以抗癌药物顺铂(CDDP)作为试验药物,称取药物顺铂(CDDP)0.005g,加入上述冷却至室温的步骤4)溶液中,继续搅拌,形成混合溶液;
6)称取0.013g鼠李糖脂加入到步骤5)混合溶液中,继续搅拌,形成稳定均一的混合溶液,然后加入交联剂0.0192gEDC,0.006gNHS,搅拌5min直至形成凝胶。
7)将步骤6)制备好的凝胶, 37℃恒温温育24h后,即得铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统。
实施例1所得到的铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统,具有致密的三维网状结构,凝胶交联度35.4%以上,铜纳米包含率为94.24%,药物包裹率达到52.67%,载药量达到3.75%,吸水度为36.7g/g,凝胶交联度达到34.27%以上,与其他产品相比较,明显的加大了药物的包裹率以及载药量,对大肠杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效率都非常好,其中,对大肠杆菌的抑菌效率达到86.73%,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效率到达82.91%,经MTT细胞毒性实验证明,与阴性对照材料相比,荷兰鼠小鼠细胞存活率到达58%,说明细胞毒性较低,凝胶保水性较高,生物相容性较好,符合医疗产品的相关规定。
实施例2
一种新型铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统的制备,步骤为:
1)按配比取各原料,将纳米铜加入到灭过菌的去离子水中,超声20min,混合均匀,配制为300μg/mL铜纳米溶液;
2)取0.7g聚γ-谷氨酸,加入到7.5mL灭过菌的去离子水中,搅拌溶解,配制为0.09g/mL的透明溶液,然后向透明溶液中加入步骤1)配制的纳米铜溶液,搅拌均匀,得到纳米铜的聚γ-谷氨酸溶液(聚γ-谷氨酸和纳米铜的质量浓度比为93.3:0.1);
3)称取0.04g透明质酸加入到步骤2)的纳米铜的聚γ-谷氨酸溶液当中,搅拌均匀,再加入壳寡糖,搅拌均匀,形成均一溶液;
4)将步骤3)均一溶液微波加热15s,继续搅拌,直至形成澄清透明溶液;
5)将步骤4)澄清透明溶液冷却至室温,以抗肿瘤药物紫杉醇作为试验药物,称取药物紫杉醇0.008g,加入上述冷却至室温的步骤4)溶液中,继续搅拌,形成混合溶液;
6)称取0.013g鼠李糖脂加入到步骤5)混合溶液中,继续搅拌,形成稳定均一的混合溶液;然后加入交联剂0.0192gEDC,0.006gNHS,搅拌5min直至形成凝胶;
7)将步骤6)制备好的凝胶, 37℃恒温温育24h后,即得铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统。
实施例2所得到的铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统,具有致密的三维网状结构,铜纳米包含率为94.86%,药物包裹率达到75 %,载药量达到8.75%,吸水度为39.74g/g,凝胶交联度达到38.53%,与其他产品相比较,明显的加大了药物的包裹率以及载药量,对大肠杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效率都非常好,其中,对大肠杆菌的抑菌效率达到82.53%,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效率到达75.82%,经MTT细胞毒性实验证明,与阴性对照材料相比,荷兰鼠小鼠细胞存活率到达67%,说明细胞毒性较低,生物相容性较好,凝胶保水性较高,符合医疗产品的相关规定。
实施例3
一种新型铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统的制备,步骤为:
1)按配比取各原料,将纳米铜加入到灭过菌的去离子水中,超声20min,混合均匀,配制为300μg/mL纳米铜溶液;
2)取0.7g聚γ-谷氨酸,加入到2.5mL灭过菌的去离子水中,搅拌溶解,配制为0.28g/mL的透明溶液,然后向透明溶液中加入7.5mL步骤1)配制的纳米铜溶液,搅拌均匀,得到纳米铜的聚γ-谷氨酸溶液(聚γ-谷氨酸和纳米铜的质量浓度比为124.4:0.1);
3)称取0.04g透明质酸加入到步骤2)的纳米铜的聚γ-谷氨酸溶液当中,搅拌均匀,再加入壳寡糖,搅拌均匀,形成混合均一溶液;
4)将步骤3)均一溶液微波加热15s,继续搅拌,直至形成澄清透明溶液;
5)步骤4)澄清透明溶液冷却至室温,以抗癌药物顺铂(CDDP)作为试验药物,称取药物0.005g,加入上述冷却至室温的步骤4)溶液中,继续搅拌,形成混合溶液;
6)称取0.013g鼠李糖脂加入到上述步骤5)混合溶液中,继续搅拌,形成稳定均一的混合溶液,然后
加入交联剂0.0192gEDC,0.006gNHS,搅拌5min直至形成凝胶;
7)将步骤6)制备好的凝胶, 37℃恒温温育24h后,即得铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统。
实施例3所得到的铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统,具有致密的三维网状结构,铜纳米包含率为98.35%,药物包裹率达到60%,载药量达到5.75%,吸水度达到40.23g/g,凝胶交联度39.65%以上,与其他产品相比较,明显的加大了药物的包裹率以及载药量,对大肠杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效率都非常好,其中,对大肠杆菌的抑菌效率达到93.68%,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效率到达95.79%,经MTT细胞毒性实验证明,与阴性对照材料相比,荷兰鼠小鼠细胞存活率到达52%,说明细胞毒性较低,凝胶保水性较高,生物相容性较好,符合医疗产品的相关规定。
实施例4
添加不同比例铜纳米对载药量以及MTT细胞毒性的影响
添加不同的铜纳米,浓度从300、225、150、100、75、50μg/mL的加量,以不添加纳米铜为阴性对照,如图1所示,铜纳米添加量为150μg/mL时,与未添加铜纳米制备的凝胶载药系统相比,顺铂药物的载药量达到25.62%,如图2所示,铜纳米添加量为150μg/mL时,经MTT细胞毒性试验验证,此浓度下荷兰鼠小鼠细胞存活率到达67%,说明细胞毒性较低,生物相容性较好。
对比例1
与实施例1不同之处在于3)不添加透明质酸。
对比例1的步骤 6)搅拌形成凝胶时间需至少12h;而实施例1加入透明质酸的,5min内形成凝胶。对比例1得到的铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统,经扫描电镜扫描发现,凝胶形成三维网状结构孔径大小在10μm以上,而实施例1的孔径大小在5~10μm之间;吸水度仅为实施例1的2/3,纳米铜的包含率,也仅为其3/4左右,载药量相对实施例1的3.75%,仅为1.58%,抑菌率较低,对大肠杆菌的为53.28%,对金黄色葡萄球菌的为48.85%。相比较实施例1,实施例1得到的铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统,在保水性、抑菌性、药物负载率和包裹率方面具有更好的效果,也具有更优的使用效果。
对比例2
与实施例1不同之处在于3)不添加鼠李糖脂。
对比例2得到的铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统,经扫描电镜扫描发现,凝胶形成三维网状结构孔径大小在10μm左右;吸水度仅为实施例1的3/4,铜纳米的包含率较低,也仅为其2/5左右,载药量相对实施例1的3.75%,仅为1.28%,抑菌率相对较低,对大肠杆菌的为47.32%,对金黄色葡萄球菌的为42.56%。相比较对比例1,实施例1中添加生物活性表面剂,也作为药物分散剂,使得凝胶载药系统的载药量显著得到提高,加大了药物的载药量,以及纳米铜的包裹率,使得凝胶具有更优的使用效果。
对比例3
一种纳米粒凝胶载药系统的制备,将实施例1中原料纳米铜替换为纳米银,步骤同实施例1。
对比例3所得到的银纳米粒凝胶载药系统,结构为较大的孔状、网状结构,经扫描电镜发现,孔径大小在30~45μm之间,吸水度仅为实施例1的1/3,纳米银的包含率为23.8%,载药量仅为1.06%,对大肠杆菌的抑菌效率82.5%,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效率78.6%,经MTT细胞毒性实验证明,与阴性对照材料的比值接近0.8,与对比例1相比,抑菌效果相差不大,但是实施例1的铜纳米颗粒的包含率以及药物的载药量效果要远远大于对比例1,具有更好的应用价值。

Claims (7)

1.一种铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统,其特征在于:为致密的三维网状多孔结构,凝胶交联度35.4%以上,纳米铜包含率为98.84~99.86%,药物负载率为95.67~97.48%,吸水度为35.5~39.7g/g,药物包裹率为47.82~59.94%;所述铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统,制备原料包括:纳米铜、壳寡糖、聚γ-谷氨酸、EDC/NHS交联剂、透明质酸、鼠李糖脂和负载药物;
所述的纳米铜与壳寡糖、聚γ-谷氨酸的质量比为0.1~0.3: 2~5:50~90;
所述的 EDC/NHS交联剂为 EDC和NHS溶于去离子水中配制成的0.5M交联剂溶液, EDC与NHS在水中的摩尔比为1:0.5,EDC/NHS交联剂用量为100~300μL/ 0.1~0.3mg纳米铜;
所述的鼠李糖脂用量为每mL原料总体积加入鼠李糖脂7~15mg;
所述的透明质酸用量为0.003~0.005g/0.1~0.3mg纳米铜;
所述的负载药物,每0.1~0.3mg纳米铜负载0.004~0.008g药物;
所述的铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)按配比取各原料,将纳米铜加入到灭过菌的去离子水中,超声20min,混合均匀,配制为300μg/mL纳米铜溶液;
2)将聚γ-谷氨酸,加入到灭过菌的去离子水中,搅拌溶解,配制为0.05~0.3g/mL的透明溶液,然后向透明溶液中加入步骤1)配制的纳米铜溶液,搅拌均匀,得到纳米铜的聚γ-谷氨酸溶液;
步骤2)中,纳米铜的聚γ-谷氨酸溶液中聚γ-谷氨酸和纳米铜的质量浓度比为50~90:0.1~0.3;
3)将透明质酸加入到步骤2)的纳米铜的聚γ-谷氨酸溶液中,搅拌均匀,再加入壳寡糖,搅拌均匀,形成均一溶液;
4)将步骤3)均一溶液微波加热9~15s,继续搅拌,直至形成澄清透明溶液;
5)将步骤4)澄清透明溶液冷却至室温,加入负载药物,继续搅拌,形成混合溶液;
6)称鼠李糖脂加入到步骤5)混合溶液中,继续搅拌,形成稳定均一的混合溶液,然后加入交联剂EDC/NHS,搅拌直至形成凝胶;
7)将步骤6)制备好的凝胶, 37℃恒温温育24h,即得铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统,其特征在于:所述的纳米铜,粒度为50nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统,其特征在于: 所述EDC/NHS交联剂用量为250μL/0.15mg纳米铜。
4.根据权利要求1所述的铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统,其特征在于:所述的透明质酸用量为0.004g/0.15mg纳米铜。
5.根据权利要求1所述的铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统,其特征在于:所述的负载药物为每0.15mg纳米铜负载0.005g药物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统,其特征在于:所述的负载药物为顺铂或紫杉醇。
7.一种权利要求1~6任一项所述铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统的应用,其特征在于:所述的铜纳米粒凝胶载药系统用于药物负载,用于创伤、烧伤伤口中做伤口敷料。
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