CN107361248B - Whole-process compound feed for nutritious and efficient Sparus obliquus, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Whole-process compound feed for nutritious and efficient Sparus obliquus, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/24—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from blood
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a full-process compound feed for nutritious and efficient ruddy sea breams, which comprises a compound feed for adult fish and a compound feed for fingerlings, wherein the compound feed for fingerlings comprises the following raw materials: fish meal, enzymolysis blood ball powder, vital gluten, fermented soybean meal, peanut kernel cake, beer yeast, flour, compound vitamin, fish oil and premix; the compound feed for adult fish and the compound feed for fingerling comprise the following raw materials: fish meal, blood ball powder, fermented soybean meal, peanut kernel cakes, beer yeast, flour, compound vitamins, fish oil and premix; the fish fry compound feed and/or the fish seed compound feed and/or the cultured fish compound feed also comprises Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide and feed additives. The efficient nutritive mixed feed for the oplegnathus fasciatus has balanced nutrition, good palatability, good growth promoting effect, low average coefficient of feed for whole-process cultivation, reduced cost, remarkably improved feed utilization rate, environmental protection and economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquatic feeds, and particularly relates to a whole-course compound feed for nutritious and efficient ruddy sea breams, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The Lutjanus obliquus (Hapalogenys nitens Richardson) belongs to Lutjanus of family Latifolia of family Perciformes, and is distributed in China, Korea, and Japanese coastal region, commonly called as Tiegun fish and Baugueh fish. The adult fish not only has bright color, tender meat quality and delicious taste, is popular with the public, but also can strengthen the energy metabolism of human bodies and accelerate the recovery of normal functions of organ tissues because of containing rich protein and vitamin, lower fat content, chromium, iodine, zinc and other mineral substances, and has better auxiliary curative effect on cardiovascular diseases, heart diseases and hypertension, thus becoming important food for human beings.
Along with the continuous increase of the breeding quantity of the Lutra punctatus, the demand for the feed is also larger and larger, the special whole-course compound feed for the Lutra punctatus on the market is less, and the feed for the sea cage culture at present mainly comprises two types: one part is fresh wild trash fish feed which is natural bait; the other part is the compound feed for the marine fish. Although the fresh rough fish feed as natural bait has high fish quality, the incidence rate of the snout bream in the cultivated water area is increased rapidly because the use amount of the fresh rough fish feed is large, the growth speed of the snout bream in the cultivated water area is low because the nutritive value is incomplete, the feed cost is high, 8-10kg of fresh or frozen rough fish, shrimp, crab and squid are required for cultivating 1kg of commercial snout bream in the cultivated water area, and the feed cost is 15-18 yuan/kg. The existing sea fish compound feed is used for feeding the oplegnathus fasciatus, and the defects of single nutrition, lagging processing technology, poor sanitary quality and the like cause the water area to be generally polluted in different degrees, so that the morbidity of the oplegnathus fasciatus is high, the fish meat quality is low, the culture period of the oplegnathus fasciatus is long, and in addition, the feed coefficient of the sea fish compound feed is high.
In conclusion, it is imperative to develop a complete mixed feed for Lutjanus fasciatus with low feed factor and high nutrition efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the full-process mixed feed for the high-efficiency deciduous fasciatus with high nutrition, which has balanced nutrition, good palatability, good growth promoting effect, low average coefficient of the full-process cultured bait, reduced feed cost, obviously improved feed utilization rate, effectively reduced pollution of fresh trash fish to the cultured water body, reduced discharge of N, P in the water body, promoted ecological balance and virtuous cycle of the cultured water body, and promoted continuous healthy development of culture production of the deciduous fasciatus.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a nutritional and high-efficiency complete compound feed for Lucisus fasciatus comprises fish fry compound feed, fish seed compound feed and feed for cultured fish,
the fry compound feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 47-55% of fish meal, 1.5-2.5% of enzymolysis blood ball powder, 1-2% of wheat gluten, 11-14% of fermented soybean meal, 7-8% of peanut kernel cake, 2.5-3.5% of beer yeast, 15-25% of flour, 0.3-0.7% of compound vitamin, 1.5-2.5% of fish oil and 1-3% of premix;
the compound feed for the fingerlings comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 43-46% of fish meal, 1.5-2.5% of blood cell powder, 16-20% of fermented soybean meal, 7-8% of peanut kernel cake, 1.5-3.5% of beer yeast, 15-25% of flour, 0.3-0.7% of compound vitamin, 2.6-4% of fish oil and 1-3% of premix;
the adult fish compound feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-42.8% of fish meal, 1.5-2.5% of blood cell powder, 18-22% of fermented soybean meal, 7-8% of peanut kernel cake, 1.5-3.5% of beer yeast, 15-25% of flour, 0.3-0.7% of compound vitamin, 2.6-4% of fish oil and 1-3% of premix;
the fry compound feed also comprises Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide and feed additives;
and/or the fish compound feed also comprises Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide and feed additives;
and/or the compound feed for the adult fish also comprises Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide and feed additives;
the sum of the weight percentages of the Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide and the feed additive is 2.5 to 5 percent based on the weight percentage of the fry compound feed;
the sum of the weight percentage of the Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide and the weight percentage of the feed additive is 2.5 to 5 percent;
the sum of the Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide and the feed additive in percentage by weight is 2.5-5 percent;
the feed additive comprises betaine, Maifanitum micropowder, and chelating salt.
Preferably, the whole-course compound feed for nutritious and efficient Heterostemma fasciatus comprises a fish fry compound feed, a fish seed compound feed and a feed for adult fish,
the fry compound feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 48-50% of fish meal, 1.5-2.5% of enzymolysis blood ball powder, 1-2% of wheat gluten, 11-14% of fermented soybean meal, 7-8% of peanut kernel cake, 2.5-3.5% of beer yeast, 15-25% of flour, 0.3-0.7% of compound vitamin, 1.5-2.5% of fish oil and 1-3% of premix;
the compound feed for the fingerlings comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 43.5 to 45 percent of fish meal, 1.5 to 2.5 percent of blood cell meal, 17 to 20 percent of fermented soybean meal, 7 to 8 percent of peanut kernel cake, 2 to 3.5 percent of beer yeast, 15 to 25 percent of flour, 0.3 to 0.7 percent of compound vitamin, 2.6 to 3.5 percent of fish oil and 1.5 to 2.5 percent of premix;
the adult fish compound feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 41-42.5% of fish meal, 1.5-2.5% of blood cell powder, 18-22% of fermented soybean meal, 7-8% of peanut kernel cake, 1.5-3.5% of beer yeast, 15-25% of flour, 0.3-0.7% of compound vitamin, 2.6-3.5% of fish oil and 1.5-2.5% of premix.
The nutritional efficient whole-process compound feed for the Lucisus obliquus is prepared by the following steps of: weighing radix astragali, rhizoma Curculiginis, Bulbus Lilii, fructus Schisandrae chinensis, and Mori fructus, crushing in water, homogenizing, heating, cooling, performing solid-liquid separation, and collecting supernatant; leaching the precipitate again, and collecting all supernatant; adding 3% trichloroacetic acid, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain Chinese herbal medicine polysaccharide solution; adding anhydrous ethanol, precipitating Chinese medicinal polysaccharide, and spray drying.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the whole-course compound feed for nutritious and efficient Heterostemma obliqua.
The preparation method of the full-process compound feed for the nutritious and efficient Heterostemma obliqua comprises the following steps: mixing the raw materials, micronizing, mixing, puffing, oven drying, cooling, sieving, and packaging.
The preparation method comprises the steps of adjusting the temperature to be 90-105 ℃, adjusting the nozzle temperature to be 80-100 ℃, adding water in an amount of 400-50L/h, adding steam in an amount of 150-250L/h and feeding at a rotating speed of 30-50 r/min.
According to the preparation method, the drying temperature is 115-125 ℃, the rotating speed is 1800r/min, and the difference between the cooling temperature and the room temperature is below 6 ℃.
The third object of the present invention is to provide the use of the whole-course compound feed for nutritious and highly effective Heterostemma pulcherrima.
A nutritional high-efficiency whole-course compound feed for Lucisus obliquus is provided.
Compared with the prior art, the whole-course compound feed for the nutritious and efficient snout breams, the preparation method and the application thereof provided by the invention achieve the technical effects that: 1) the whole process mixed feed for the Lutjanus molucus is uniform in color, consistent in size and flat in surface; the peculiar smell such as mildew, rancidity, scorching and the like is avoided, and the physical properties and the nutritional ingredients of the fertilizer meet the requirements; 2) by respectively adding Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide and a feed additive of the Lutjanus molitorus, the weight gain rate of fish bodies can be obviously improved, the immunity performance of the fish bodies is improved, the morbidity of cultured fishes is reduced by more than 15%, and the survival rate of net cage culture is improved to more than 90%; 3) the feed is mixed in three stages of the fry, the fingerling and the adult breams of the Lutra fasciata, has balanced nutrition, good palatability and good growth promoting effect, the average coefficient of the whole-process cultured bait is 1.26, the feed cost can be reduced by 22.3 percent, the utilization rate of the feed is obviously improved, meanwhile, the pollution of fresh rough fishes to the culture water body is effectively reduced, the discharge of N, P in the water body is reduced, the ecological balance and the benign circulation of the culture water body are promoted, and the continuous and healthy development of the culture production of the Lutra fasciata is promoted; 4) economic benefits are as follows: 1000 tons of environment-friendly high-quality mixed feed for the Lutjanus molitorus is produced annually, and the yield can newly increase the yield value: 1600 ten thousand yuan, newly increased profit: 60 ten thousand yuan, newly added tax: 75 ten thousand yuan; 5) the feeding feed for the Lutjanus obliquus can be effectively attracted, the feed utilization rate is improved, the growth is promoted, the disease resistance is enhanced, the culture survival rate is improved, and the feeding feed has important significance on the healthy and sustainable development of the Lutjanus obliquus culture industry; 6) the nutritious and efficient compound feed for the Lucislus fasciatus can effectively replace compound feed for fresh trash fish and general sea fish, reduce the bait coefficient, reduce N, P discharge in the aquaculture water area, ensure that the water quality of the aquaculture water area meets the requirements of NY5052-2001 standard, reduce water pollution, further maintain the ecological environment of the aquaculture sea area, promote the aquaculture production to develop towards a healthy and ecological direction, and have good social benefit.
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the examples to facilitate understanding and understanding of the technical solutions.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The experimental methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials are commercially available without specific reference, and the following examples are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent implementations or modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The full-process compound feed for nutritious and efficient Heterostemma obliquus comprises a fry compound feed, a fingerling compound feed and a feed for cultivated fishes, wherein the fry compound feed formula comprises the following components in parts by weight: 49% of fish meal, 2.0% of enzymolysis blood ball powder, 1.5% of wheat gluten, 12.5% of fermented soybean meal, 7.5% of peanut kernel cake, 3.0% of beer yeast, 20% of flour, 0.5% of vitamin complex, 2.0% of fish oil and 2.0% of premix;
the fish feed formula comprises: 44% of fish meal, 2.0% of blood cell powder, 18% of fermented soybean meal, 7.5% of peanut kernel cake, 3.0% of beer yeast, 20% of flour, 0.5% of compound vitamin, 3% of fish oil and 2.0% of premix;
the feed formula for the cultured fish comprises the following components: 42 percent of fish meal, 2.0 percent of blood cell meal, 20 percent of fermented soybean meal, 7.5 percent of peanut kernel cake, 3.0 percent of beer yeast, 20 percent of flour, 0.5 percent of compound vitamin, 3 percent of fish oil and 2.0 percent of premix.
The whole-course compound feed for nutritious and efficient Heterostemma obliqua comprises the following steps: mixing the above fry compound feed, fish seed compound feed and cultured fish feed for the first time, micronizing, mixing for the second time, adjusting temperature to 100 deg.C, nozzle temperature to 90 deg.C, water addition amount of 400L/h, steam addition amount of 150L/h, and feeding speed of 30-50r/min, completing puffing, drying at 120 deg.C and rotation speed of 1800r/min, cooling to room temperature with a temperature difference of below 6 deg.C, sieving, and packaging.
Example 2
The full-process compound feed for nutritious and efficient Heterostemma obliquus comprises a fry compound feed, a fingerling compound feed and a feed for cultivated fishes, wherein the fry compound feed formula comprises the following components in parts by weight: 47.53% of fish meal, 1.94% of enzymolysis corpuscle powder, 1.455% of wheat gluten, 12.125% of fermented soybean meal, 7.275% of peanut kernel cake, 2.91% of beer yeast, 19.4% of flour, 0.485% of vitamin complex, 1.94% of fish oil, 1.94% of premix, 2% of Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide, 0.1% of betaine, 0.8% of medical stone micropowder and 0.1% of chelating salt;
the fish feed formula comprises: 44% of fish meal, 2.0% of blood cell powder, 18% of fermented soybean meal, 7.5% of peanut kernel cake, 3.0% of beer yeast, 20% of flour, 0.5% of compound vitamin, 3% of fish oil and 2.0% of premix;
the feed formula for the cultured fish comprises the following components: 42 percent of fish meal, 2.0 percent of blood cell meal, 20 percent of fermented soybean meal, 7.5 percent of peanut kernel cake, 3.0 percent of beer yeast, 20 percent of flour, 0.5 percent of compound vitamin, 3 percent of fish oil and 2.0 percent of premix.
The preparation method of the nutritional and efficient whole-process compound feed for the Lutjanus obliquus comprises the following steps:
1) the preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide comprises the following steps: weighing radix astragali, rhizoma Curculiginis, Bulbus Lilii, fructus Schisandrae chinensis, and Mori fructus, crushing, homogenizing, heating, cooling, performing solid-liquid separation, and collecting supernatant; leaching the precipitate again, and collecting all supernatant; adding 3% trichloroacetic acid, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain Chinese herbal medicine polysaccharide solution; adding anhydrous ethanol, precipitating Chinese medicinal polysaccharide, and spray drying.
2) Mixing the above fry compound feed, fish seed compound feed and cultured fish feed for the first time, micronizing, mixing for the second time, adjusting temperature to 100 deg.C, nozzle temperature to 90 deg.C, water addition amount to 450L/h, steam addition amount to 200L/h, and feeding speed to 30-50r/min, completing puffing, drying at 120 deg.C and rotation speed of 1800r/min, cooling to room temperature with a temperature difference of below 6 deg.C, sieving, and packaging.
Example 3
The full-process compound feed for nutritious and efficient Heterostemma obliquus comprises a fry compound feed, a fingerling compound feed and a feed for cultivated fishes, wherein the fry compound feed formula comprises the following components in parts by weight: 49% of fish meal, 2.0% of enzymolysis blood ball powder, 1.5% of wheat gluten, 12.5% of fermented soybean meal, 7.5% of peanut kernel cake, 3.0% of beer yeast, 20% of flour, 0.5% of vitamin complex, 2.0% of fish oil and 2.0% of premix;
the fish feed formula comprises: 42.68 percent of fish meal, 1.94 percent of blood cell meal, 17.46 percent of fermented soybean meal, 7.275 percent of peanut kernel cake, 2.91 percent of beer yeast, 19.4 percent of flour, 0.485 percent of vitamin complex, 2.91 percent of fish oil and 1.94 percent of premix; 2% of Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide, 0.1% of betaine, 0.8% of medical stone micro powder and 0.1% of chelate salt;
the feed formula for the cultured fish comprises the following components: 42 percent of fish meal, 2.0 percent of blood cell meal, 20 percent of fermented soybean meal, 7.5 percent of peanut kernel cake, 3.0 percent of beer yeast, 20 percent of flour, 0.5 percent of compound vitamin, 3 percent of fish oil and 2.0 percent of premix.
The preparation method is the same as example 2.
Example 4
The full-process compound feed for nutritious and efficient Heterostemma obliquus comprises a fry compound feed, a fingerling compound feed and a feed for cultivated fishes, wherein the fry compound feed formula comprises the following components in parts by weight: 49% of fish meal, 2.0% of enzymolysis blood ball powder, 1.5% of wheat gluten, 12.5% of fermented soybean meal, 7.5% of peanut kernel cake, 3.0% of beer yeast, 20% of flour, 0.5% of vitamin complex, 2.0% of fish oil and 2.0% of premix;
the fish feed formula comprises: 44% of fish meal, 2.0% of blood cell powder, 18% of fermented soybean meal, 7.5% of peanut kernel cake, 3.0% of beer yeast, 20% of flour, 0.5% of compound vitamin, 3% of fish oil and 2.0% of premix;
the feed formula for the cultured fish comprises the following components: 40.74 percent of fish meal, 1.94 percent of blood cell meal, 19.4 percent of fermented soybean meal, 7.275 percent of peanut kernel cake, 2.91 percent of beer yeast, 19.4 percent of flour, 0.485 percent of vitamin complex, 2.91 percent of fish oil, 1.94 percent of premix, 2 percent of Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide, 0.1 percent of betaine, 0.8 percent of medical stone micropowder and 0.1 percent of chelate salt.
The preparation method is the same as example 2.
Example 4
The full-process compound feed for nutritious and efficient Heterostemma obliquus comprises a fry compound feed, a fingerling compound feed and a feed for cultivated fishes, wherein the fry compound feed formula comprises the following components in parts by weight: 49% of fish meal, 2.0% of enzymolysis blood ball powder, 1.5% of wheat gluten, 12.5% of fermented soybean meal, 7.5% of peanut kernel cake, 3.0% of beer yeast, 20% of flour, 0.5% of vitamin complex, 2.0% of fish oil and 2.0% of premix;
the fish feed formula comprises: 42.68 percent of fish meal, 1.94 percent of blood cell meal, 17.46 percent of fermented soybean meal, 7.275 percent of peanut kernel cake, 2.91 percent of beer yeast, 19.4 percent of flour, 0.485 percent of vitamin complex, 2.91 percent of fish oil and 1.94 percent of premix; 2% of Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide, 0.1% of betaine, 0.8% of medical stone micro powder and 0.1% of chelate salt;
the feed formula for the cultured fish comprises the following components: 40.74 percent of fish meal, 1.94 percent of blood cell meal, 19.4 percent of fermented soybean meal, 7.275 percent of peanut kernel cake, 2.91 percent of beer yeast, 19.4 percent of flour, 0.485 percent of vitamin complex, 2.91 percent of fish oil, 1.94 percent of premix, 2 percent of Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide, 0.1 percent of betaine, 0.8 percent of medical stone micropowder and 0.1 percent of chelate salt.
The preparation method is the same as example 2.
Example 5
The full-process compound feed for nutritious and efficient Heterostemma obliquus comprises a fry compound feed, a fingerling compound feed and a feed for cultivated fishes, wherein the fry compound feed formula comprises the following components in parts by weight: 47.53% of fish meal, 1.94% of enzymolysis corpuscle powder, 1.455% of wheat gluten, 12.125% of fermented soybean meal, 7.275% of peanut kernel cake, 2.91% of beer yeast, 19.4% of flour, 0.485% of vitamin complex, 1.94% of fish oil, 1.94% of premix, 2% of Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide, 0.1% of betaine, 0.8% of medical stone micropowder and 0.1% of chelating salt;
the fish feed formula comprises: 42.68 percent of fish meal, 1.94 percent of blood cell meal, 17.46 percent of fermented soybean meal, 7.275 percent of peanut kernel cake, 2.91 percent of beer yeast, 19.4 percent of flour, 0.485 percent of vitamin complex, 2.91 percent of fish oil and 1.94 percent of premix; 2% of Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide, 0.1% of betaine, 0.8% of medical stone micro powder and 0.1% of chelate salt;
the feed formula for the cultured fish comprises the following components: 40.74 percent of fish meal, 1.94 percent of blood cell meal, 19.4 percent of fermented soybean meal, 7.275 percent of peanut kernel cake, 2.91 percent of beer yeast, 19.4 percent of flour, 0.485 percent of vitamin complex, 2.91 percent of fish oil, 1.94 percent of premix, 2 percent of Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide, 0.1 percent of betaine, 0.8 percent of medical stone micropowder and 0.1 percent of chelate salt.
The preparation method is the same as example 2.
Example 6
The full-process compound feed for nutritious and efficient Heterostemma obliquus comprises a fry compound feed, a fingerling compound feed and a feed for cultivated fishes, wherein the fry compound feed formula comprises the following components in parts by weight: 47.53% of fish meal, 1.94% of enzymolysis corpuscle powder, 1.455% of wheat gluten, 12.125% of fermented soybean meal, 7.275% of peanut kernel cake, 2.91% of beer yeast, 19.4% of flour, 0.485% of vitamin complex, 1.94% of fish oil, 1.94% of premix, 2% of Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide, 0.1% of betaine, 0.8% of medical stone micropowder and 0.1% of chelating salt;
the fish feed formula comprises: 42.68 percent of fish meal, 1.94 percent of blood cell meal, 17.46 percent of fermented soybean meal, 7.275 percent of peanut kernel cake, 2.91 percent of beer yeast, 19.4 percent of flour, 0.485 percent of vitamin complex, 2.91 percent of fish oil and 1.94 percent of premix; 2% of Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide, 0.1% of betaine, 0.8% of medical stone micro powder and 0.1% of chelate salt;
the feed formula for the cultured fish comprises the following components: 42 percent of fish meal, 2.0 percent of blood cell meal, 20 percent of fermented soybean meal, 7.5 percent of peanut kernel cake, 3.0 percent of beer yeast, 20 percent of flour, 0.5 percent of compound vitamin, 3 percent of fish oil and 2.0 percent of premix.
The preparation method is the same as example 2.
Example 7
The full-process compound feed for nutritious and efficient Heterostemma obliquus comprises a fry compound feed, a fingerling compound feed and a feed for cultivated fishes, wherein the fry compound feed formula comprises the following components in parts by weight: 47.53% of fish meal, 1.94% of enzymolysis corpuscle powder, 1.455% of wheat gluten, 12.125% of fermented soybean meal, 7.275% of peanut kernel cake, 2.91% of beer yeast, 19.4% of flour, 0.485% of vitamin complex, 1.94% of fish oil, 1.94% of premix, 1.8% of Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide, 0.2% of betaine, 0.5% of medical stone micropowder and 0.5% of chelate salt;
the fish feed formula comprises: 42.68 percent of fish meal, 1.94 percent of blood cell meal, 17.46 percent of fermented soybean meal, 7.275 percent of peanut kernel cake, 2.91 percent of beer yeast, 19.4 percent of flour, 0.485 percent of vitamin complex, 2.91 percent of fish oil and 1.94 percent of premix; 1.8 percent of Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide, 0.2 percent of betaine, 0.5 percent of medical stone micro powder and 0.5 percent of chelating salt;
the feed formula for the cultured fish comprises the following components: 40.74 percent of fish meal, 1.94 percent of blood cell meal, 19.4 percent of fermented soybean meal, 7.275 percent of peanut kernel cake, 2.91 percent of beer yeast, 19.4 percent of flour, 0.485 percent of vitamin complex, 2.91 percent of fish oil, 1.94 percent of premix, 1.8 percent of Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide, 0.2 percent of betaine, 0.5 percent of medical stone micropowder and 0.5 percent of chelate salt.
The preparation method is the same as example 2.
Test example 1
The three-stage compound feed of the whole-course compound feed of the Lucistus obliquus prepared in example 1 was subjected to the main nutrient component test, and the results of the main nutrient component test are shown in Table 1, wherein the standard reference enterprise standard Q/MDCK 004-.
The three-stage compound feeds of the whole course compound feed for the Lucisus fasciatus prepared in examples 2 to 7 were each subjected to a main nutrient test, and the results were similar to those of the three-stage compound feed of the whole course compound feed for the Lucisus fasciatus prepared in example 1.
TABLE 1 measured values of major nutritional ingredients of mixed feeds for Lucismus obliquus
Test example 2 test and pilot test stages
(1) The adult fish compound feed of example 1 was subjected to a pilot test to evaluate the effect of the adult fish compound feed of the present invention on the relative nutrient levels of the muscles of the Lupulus deciduous, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 relevant nutritional levels of Murraya koenigii muscle
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the compound feed for adult fish of the present invention shows more distinct differences in the indexes compared to the common feed after feeding the snout bream, and the snout bream fed with the compound feed for adult fish of the present invention almost reaches the quality of wild snout bream in the sensory quality of fish meat, and the satisfaction of consumers is better; the muscle nutrition level of the Lutjanus angustifolia fed by the adult fish compound feed of the present invention also shows a difference from the ordinary feed in crude protein and crude fat, and is close to the analysis index of the wild Lutjanus angustifolia.
Among them, the cultured fish compound feeds of examples 2 to 7 were subjected to pilot experiments, and the results were similar to those of the cultured fish compound feed of example 1.
(2) Fry feed breeding test
The test is carried out on the net cage for culturing the fish steak in Australia of Ningde Sandu, during the test, the specific gravity of seawater is 1.022-1.023, the temperature of the seawater is 22 +/-1 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen is about 7.0 ml/L. And selecting the fish fries with consistent specifications and strong physique, and distributing the fish fries into 5 small-specification seawater floating cut cages (1.5m multiplied by 2.0m), wherein 100 fish fries are arranged in each cage. Beginning on day 1 of 3 months and ending on day 31 of 3 months for 30 days. Five groups were set up, one of the control groups was fed with normal sea fish feed, and the other four groups were fed with mixed feed of young Lupulus sibiricus of example 1. The experimental fish is fed twice in morning and evening every day, a full feeding mode is adopted, and the feeding amount is flexibly mastered according to weather and the ingestion condition of the fish.
TABLE 3 fry feed raising test results
The test data in the above table 3 show that the survival rate and the average tail weight gain of the test group are higher than those of the control group, wherein the survival rate is improved by 9.7 percent, and the bait coefficient is reduced by 0.38 percent.
The fry feed prepared in examples 2 to 7 was subjected to the above-mentioned test, and the results thereof were similar to those of the fry feed prepared in example 1.
(3) The results of the tests using the Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide and the feed additive for the snout bream in the feed additive for the snout bream species:
application test selected the cultured fish steaks of the Baker mustache Sidessicum in Ningde three, all the year round. 4 (1.5m multiplied by 2.0m) small-size seawater floating cutting type net cages are selected respectively, and 100 fries are grown in each net cage. Beginning at 10 days 5 to 10 days 6, and ending for 30 days. Four groups were set for the test, namely, a control group 2, a control group 3, a test group 6, and a test group 7, wherein the test group 6 was fed with feed for the Lutra punctatus fingerling of example 3 supplemented with immune polysaccharides and feed additive for Lutra punctatus, and the control group was fed with feed for common sea fish.
TABLE 4 Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide and Lucisus obliquus feed additive for Lucisus obliquus
As can be seen from Table 4, the survival rate of the fed group of the Lucisus obliquus fingerlings supplemented with the immune polysaccharides and the feed additive for Lucisus obliquus was increased by 21.3% and 18.4%, respectively, and the feed coefficient was decreased by 0.4 and 0.39, respectively, as compared with the control group. The method proves that the effect of enhancing the immunity of fish bodies can be achieved by adding a certain amount of Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide and the snout bream feed additive into the snout bream fry compound feed, so that the survival rate of cultured fries is improved by more than 15%, and the feed coefficient is lower than 1.3.
Test example 3 feed coefficient of whole-course compound feed for nutritious and efficient Sparus fasciatus
Sea area selection: the method is selected in a sea area with small wind waves, stable substrate, smooth tide and flat mudflat, can avoid large wind waves, has no pollution sources such as direct industrial three wastes and agricultural, domestic and medical wastes, has a water depth of more than 5 meters, smooth tide, a water flow velocity of less than 1.5 meters per second, a flow direction of straight and stable, and a flow velocity in the net cage of less than 0.2 meters per second after measures such as flow blocking and the like. The water temperature is 22-26 ℃, the salinity is 18-25%, the dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L, the transparency is more than 30cm, and the pH value is 7.8-8.2.
The iced fresh group of the snout bream was fed with fresh trash fish, the control group was fed with general purpose fish feed, the test group was fed with feed for adult snout bream of example 1, and pilot experiments were conducted in the Macau & ltthree & gt region on days 8-20, 9-20, and the results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 Pilot-scale cultivation test results of cultured Lutjanus fasciatus
As can be seen from the above Table 5, the feed coefficient of the adult fish feed of the Lutjanus molitorus in example 1 was 1.28, which was 0.37 lower than that of the conventional sea fish compound feed, and the survival rate was more than 90%, which was significantly higher than that of the conventional sea fish compound feed and fresh trash fish.
The cultured fish feeds prepared in examples 2 to 7 were also subjected to the above-mentioned tests, and the results were similar to those of example 1.
Test example 4 Environment-friendly standard test of whole-course compound feed for nutritious and efficient Sparus fasciatus
To illustrate the effect of different feeds on water environment pollution, the following figures were specifically used for comparison: if the fresh trash fish is used as the feed for fish culture, the feed coefficient FCR is more than 8, that is, at least 8 tons of fresh trash fish are needed to feed 1 ton of finished product fish, it is estimated that about 200kg of nitrogen (one of pollutants) will be discharged into water in the culture process, and the water supply environment causes a great load, whereas in the whole process of the mixed feed for the mustache with the oblique band in the embodiment 1, the FCR is lower than 1.3, and about 35kg of nitrogen discharged into the water environment is reduced when 1 ton of finished product fish is produced, and the environment-friendly effect is obvious.
The method comprises the steps of respectively detecting water quality of mustache fascicularis in different culture stages, sampling 3 times in each stage, performing self-detection twice, and sending to a marine environment and fishery resource monitoring center in Fujian province for detection. The water quality state: the water temperature is 22-26 ℃, the salinity is 18-25 per mill, the dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L, the transparency is more than 30cm, and the pH value is 7.8-8.2. The specific test results are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 indexes of water environment during breeding of Hirudidae
As can be seen from Table 7, in the whole course of the present invention, the use of the Lutjanus molitor compound feed of the present invention in example 1 for the cultivation of Lutjanus molitor, the N, P content of water in the cultivated water was reduced by more than 30% compared with the case of feeding fresh Lutjanus molitor feed, and the cultivated water quality standard reached the requirement of NY 5052-2001.
Similarly, the same experiment showed that the whole course mixed feed for Lutja tenuis prepared in examples 2-7 was used to culture Lutja tenuis with N, P% lower than that of fresh fish feed, and the water quality standard of culture reached NY 5052-2001.
The whole-course mixed feed for the snout bream has positive effects on promoting the virtuous cycle of the culture water body and improving the utilization rate of the culture water area.
The foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the invention, but as aforementioned, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A full-process compound feed for nutritious and high-efficiency Heterostemma obliquus is characterized by comprising a fish fry compound feed, a fish seed compound feed and a cultured fish feed,
the fry compound feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 47-55% of fish meal, 1.5-2.5% of enzymolysis blood ball powder, 1-2% of wheat gluten, 11-14% of fermented soybean meal, 7-8% of peanut kernel cake, 2.5-3.5% of beer yeast, 15-25% of flour, 0.3-0.7% of compound vitamin, 1.5-2.5% of fish oil and 1-3% of premix;
the compound feed for the fingerlings comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 43-46% of fish meal, 1.5-2.5% of blood cell powder, 16-20% of fermented soybean meal, 7-8% of peanut kernel cake, 1.5-3.5% of beer yeast, 15-25% of flour, 0.3-0.7% of compound vitamin, 2.6-4% of fish oil and 1-3% of premix;
the adult fish compound feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-42.8% of fish meal, 1.5-2.5% of blood cell powder, 18-22% of fermented soybean meal, 7-8% of peanut kernel cake, 1.5-3.5% of beer yeast, 15-25% of flour, 0.3-0.7% of compound vitamin, 2.6-4% of fish oil and 1-3% of premix;
the fry compound feed also comprises Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide and feed additives;
and/or the fish compound feed also comprises Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide and feed additives;
and/or the compound feed for the adult fish also comprises Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide and feed additives;
the sum of the weight percentages of the Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide and the feed additive is 2.5 to 5 percent based on the weight percentage of the fry compound feed;
the sum of the weight percentage of the Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide and the weight percentage of the feed additive is 2.5 to 5 percent;
the sum of the Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide and the feed additive in percentage by weight is 2.5-5 percent;
the feed additive comprises betaine, Maifanitum micropowder, and chelating salt.
2. The complete-course compound feed for nutritious, highly effective Lucisus fasciatus as claimed in claim 1, comprising a fry compound feed, a fingerling compound feed and an adult fish feed,
the fry compound feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 48-50% of fish meal, 1.5-2.5% of enzymolysis blood ball powder, 1-2% of wheat gluten, 11-14% of fermented soybean meal, 7-8% of peanut kernel cake, 2.5-3.5% of beer yeast, 15-25% of flour, 0.3-0.7% of compound vitamin, 1.5-2.5% of fish oil and 1-3% of premix;
the compound feed for the fingerlings comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 43.5 to 45 percent of fish meal, 1.5 to 2.5 percent of blood cell meal, 17 to 20 percent of fermented soybean meal, 7 to 8 percent of peanut kernel cake, 2 to 3.5 percent of beer yeast, 15 to 25 percent of flour, 0.3 to 0.7 percent of compound vitamin, 2.6 to 3.5 percent of fish oil and 1.5 to 2.5 percent of premix;
the adult fish compound feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 41-42.5% of fish meal, 1.5-2.5% of blood cell powder, 18-22% of fermented soybean meal, 7-8% of peanut kernel cake, 1.5-3.5% of beer yeast, 15-25% of flour, 0.3-0.7% of compound vitamin, 2.6-3.5% of fish oil and 1.5-2.5% of premix.
3. The whole-course compound feed for nutritious and highly effective Lucisus fasciatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine immune polysaccharide is prepared by the following method: weighing radix astragali, rhizoma Curculiginis, Bulbus Lilii, fructus Schisandrae chinensis, and Mori fructus, crushing in water, homogenizing, heating, cooling, performing solid-liquid separation, and collecting supernatant; leaching the precipitate again, and collecting all supernatant; adding 3% trichloroacetic acid, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain Chinese herbal medicine polysaccharide solution; adding anhydrous ethanol, precipitating Chinese medicinal polysaccharide, and spray drying.
4. The method for preparing whole-course compound feed for snout bream according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of: mixing the raw materials, micronizing, mixing, puffing, oven drying, cooling, sieving, and packaging.
5. The preparation method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the puffing conditions comprise a modulation temperature of 90-105 ℃, a nozzle temperature of 80-100 ℃, a water addition amount of 400-250L/h, a steam addition amount of 150-250L/h and a feeding rotation speed of 30-50 r/min.
6. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the drying temperature is 115 ℃ to 125 ℃, the rotation speed is 1800r/min, and the difference between the cooling temperature and the room temperature is less than 6 ℃.
7. The use of the whole-course compound feed for Lucisus fasciatus as claimed in any one of claims 1-3.
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| CN109275600B (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2021-08-31 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Indoor seedling raising method for mustache obliqua |
| CN111296330B (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2021-10-08 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | Device and method for breeding parent fish of bream with snout and obtaining fertilized eggs |
| CN113598095B (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2022-05-31 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | Rapid breeding technology for snout bream with transverse bands |
| CN114793955B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-03-10 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | Feeding habit domesticating method for feeding young breams with mixed feed |
| CN115136910A (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-10-04 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | Method for reducing abnormal rate of fry of bream with snout and application |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101433274A (en) * | 2008-12-26 | 2009-05-20 | 福建大昌生物科技实业有限公司 | Environmental-protecting type high-efficient large yellow croaker compound feed |
| CN101433272A (en) * | 2008-12-26 | 2009-05-20 | 福建大昌生物科技实业有限公司 | Process for producing high-energy feed of aquatic product |
| CN101433289A (en) * | 2008-12-26 | 2009-05-20 | 福建大昌生物科技实业有限公司 | Chinese herbal medicine immunity enhancement type compound feed for Litopenaeus vannamei |
| CN101433273B (en) * | 2008-12-26 | 2012-02-08 | 福建大昌生物科技实业有限公司 | Sweetfish compound feed |
| CN103110016B (en) * | 2013-02-26 | 2014-08-06 | 福建大昌生物科技实业有限公司 | Flake abalone compound feed and production method thereof |
| CN105746954A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-07-13 | 福建农林大学 | Environment-friendly Pseudosciaena crocea breeding stage expanded pellet feed for improving water resistance |
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