CN115136910A - Method for reducing abnormal rate of fry of bream with snout and application - Google Patents
Method for reducing abnormal rate of fry of bream with snout and application Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fry breeding of lateral mustache, and discloses a method for reducing the abnormal rate of the fry of lateral mustache, which comprises the steps of feeding rotifers with reinforced cultivation in sections at the peak of food intake in the morning, at noon and at evening after the fry of lateral mustache opens; feeding the artemia nauplii which are enriched in nutrition from 9 th to 12 th days, and gradually reducing the feeding of the rotifers; the rotifer nutrition strengthening method comprises the following steps: dispersing rotifers into an aqueous solution of biological bait I for nutrition enhancement, wherein the biological bait I comprises schizochytrium limacinum powder, astaxanthin powder, vitamin A and vitamin D; the nutrition strengthening method of fairy shrimp nauplii comprises the following steps: the rotifer is dispersed into the water solution of biological bait II for enhancing nutrition, wherein the biological bait II comprises schizochytrium limacinum powder and astaxanthin powder. The method of the invention can reduce the malformation rate of the fry of the bream with snout from the source, and the malformation rate is reduced to below 10 percent, thereby being beneficial to the popularization of the large-scale artificial breeding of the bream with snout.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fry breeding of bream with snout transverse zone, in particular to a method for reducing the abnormal rate of the fry of the bream with snout transverse zone and application.
Background
Lutjanus latus (Hort.) Merr (Lutjanus latus (Merr.))Hapaloyenys mucronatus) The fish is commonly called sixteen fish, is distributed along the coast of China, is deeply favored by fishing lovers and consumers due to the advantages of high meat yield, solid and fresh meat quality, delicious taste, higher nutritional value, beautiful body color and the like, and is marine fish with higher edible value and ornamental value. However, because the total amount of wild resources is deficient, there is no obvious full-fish stage, the yield of fish is low, and the market is in short supply, artificial breeding and breeding technology research is urgently needed to promote the development of the breeding industry of the lateral stripe mustache.
At present, a plurality of problems exist in the scale artificial breeding technology of the lateral mustache, and particularly, according to previous observation and research work, the lateral mustache has obvious fingerling malformation problems: the early fries are easy to have vertebra deformities, and the later fries are easy to have jaw deformities. The fry malformation causes the survival rate of the larval fish to be lower in the conversion stage of the larval fish to the juvenile fish. Meanwhile, after the partially surviving abnormal fish fries enter the adult fish culture stage, the growth speed is slow, and consumers cannot accept the abnormal fish. The malformation problem occurs in the early stage of fry rearing, and the fry is still small, young and tender, difficult to find and the like, and is difficult to remove, thereby causing great difficulty for fry selling and later-stage rearing. Therefore, the problem of fry malformation becomes a technical problem for limiting large-scale artificial breeding of the rhamsidae, and is an important factor for limiting the breeding benefit of the rhamsidae.
The breeding research of the bream with snout is not rare at present, particularly relating to fry malformation. CN113598095A, the patent name "a technique for rapidly growing diaphragma, discloses that by combining the cultivation pool treatment, fingerling casting mode, bait feeding mode, timely grading, disease control and other means, the diaphragma may have higher survival rate, higher body length and quality, higher nutrients and nutritive value, and higher polyunsaturated fatty acids. On one hand, the technical scheme mainly relates to the culture of the rhabdosargus sarmentosa and is greatly different from fry culture, and on the other hand, the technical scheme does not concern about fry deformity of the rhabdosarmentosa.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of malformation of fries of lateral mustache, and provides a method for reducing the malformation rate of fries of lateral mustache, which is beneficial to large-scale artificial breeding of lateral mustache by reducing the malformation rate of fries of lateral mustache from the source.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for reducing abnormal rate of fry of snout bream comprises the following steps:
(1) After the young fish with snout bream is opened, feeding rotifers with reinforced cultivation in the morning, at noon and in the evening in a segmented manner;
(2) Feeding the artemia nauplii which are enriched in nutrition from 9 th to 12 th days, and gradually reducing the feeding of the rotifers; specifically, the feeding amount can be reduced by 20-30 wt% every day until the rotifer is decreased;
the rotifer nutrition strengthening method comprises the following steps: dispersing rotifers into an aqueous solution of biological bait I for enhancing nutrition, wherein the biological bait I comprises schizochytrium limacinum powder, astaxanthin powder, vitamin A and vitamin D;
and/or the nutrition strengthening method of the fairy shrimp nauplius is as follows: the rotifer is dispersed into the water solution of biological bait II for enhancing nutrition, wherein the biological bait II comprises schizochytrium limacinum powder and astaxanthin powder.
The malformation of the fry of the bream with snot usually occurs in the juvenile stage of fish, and is manifested as deformity of spine and jaw bone, which causes difficulty in movement and growth retardation. It can be found by comparing photographs of the lateral sovereign porgy in actual research that the 3-day-old lateral sovereigy in fig. 2 and 3 shows deformity of spine and deformity of jaw, respectively, and the lateral sovereigy in fig. 4 and 5 shows deformity of spine and deformation of jaw, respectively, more clearly than the normal lateral sovereigy in fig. 1. The fish has a lot of causes for generating deformity, which are mainly influenced by factors such as heredity, nutrition and environment, wherein the nutritional factors play an important role. Through research, the nutrition-enriched cultivation is carried out on the fry of the bream with snout bream in the development period, the rotifer and the fairy shrimp nauplii after nutrition enrichment are sequentially adopted for feeding, the feeding time period and the feeding mode of the rotifer and the fairy shrimp nauplii are controlled, the nutrition is enriched, and the development requirement of the fry is met. The schizochytrium powder for enriching the nutrition of the Rotifer and fairy shrimp nauplii can provide abundant nutritional ingredients such as highly unsaturated fatty acid for the larva fish, and the comparison shows that the schizochytrium powder has stronger applicability to the larva fish of the Pagrus transversus and particularly avoids the generation of deformity compared with the commonly used intensified Rotifomia and fairy shrimp such as chlorella, spirulina, selenium yeast and the like. The astaxanthin powder provides oxidation resistance and is matched with schizochytrium limacinum powder. Vitamin A and vitamin D promote bone growth of the fry, and the timing of the addition of vitamin A and vitamin D is important, and in our study, it was found that the earlier the supplementation of vitamin A and vitamin D is, the better the fry of the bream with snout. The method can effectively reduce the abnormal rate of the Lutjanus transversus, and the survival rate of the Lutjanus transversus fry is obviously improved.
As a preference for the process of the present invention,
in the water solution of the biological bait I, 0.10 to 0.15g/L of schizochytrium limacinum powder, 0.04 to 0.08g/L of astaxanthin powder, 0.4 to 0.8 percent of vitamin A and 0.15 to 0.25 percent of vitamin D, wherein the sum of the weights of the schizochytrium limacinum powder and the astaxanthin powder is respectively;
and/or, in the water solution of the biological bait II, 0.10 to 0.15g/L of schizochytrium limacinum powder and 0.04 to 0.08g/L of astaxanthin powder.
As a preference for the process of the present invention,
the dispersion density of the rotifer in the aqueous solution of the biological bait I is 300 to 350/mL, and the nutrition is strengthened for 9 to 12 hours;
and/or the juvenile fairy shrimp is dispersed in the biological bait II water solution with the density of 300 to 350 per mL, and the nutrition is strengthened for 5 to 8 hours.
As a preference for the process of the present invention,
the peak time of each feeding period is as follows: in the morning, 7;
and/or feeding for 1 time in each feeding time period;
and/or the density of the rotifer fed by the feeding system is 3 to 4/mL, and the density of the fairy shrimp nauplii fed by the feeding system is 1 to 2/mL. Feeding the larvae in the peak ingestion period can ensure that the larvae can fully eat rotifers and fairy shrimp nauplii, and the nutrition accumulation is enhanced.
As a preferable mode of the method of the present invention, the parent fish population which breeds the red fish of Bedskin bream is a wild Bedskin group. Genetic factors are also important reasons influencing skeletal deformity of the fries, and the fries are difficult to improve in later period, so that the parent fish from wild groups is selected, and the risk of skeletal deformity degeneration of fries germplasm increased by close breeding can be avoided.
As a preference for the process of the present invention,
the parent fish has normal body shape and no malformation phenomenon;
and/or the weight of the parent fish is more than or equal to 300g, and the body length is more than or equal to 18cm.
As the optimization of the method of the invention, after the parent fish enters the sexual maturity stage, the bait rich in protein and unsaturated fatty acid is fed, and 2 to 4 weight percent of vitamin C, 1 to 2 weight percent of vitamin E, 2 to 5 per thousand of lecithin and 5 to 6 weight percent of immune polysaccharide are added. The nutrition of the bait is strengthened to ensure that high-quality fertilized eggs are obtained and the quality of the hatched larval fish is improved.
Preferably, the bait used in the method of the invention is mussel meat or clamworm.
As the optimization of the method of the invention, the water temperature of the water body for hatching and cultivating the snout bream fry is 20-22 ℃, the salinity is 25-28 per mill, the pH value is 7.5-8.0, and the water body is slightly aerated. The water quality conditions are controlled, the source of water for hatching fertilized eggs and culturing fish fries is pollution-free, the water is far away from agricultural planting and chemical plant areas, and the risk of deformity caused by the water quality that organic pesticides and heavy metals exceed the standard is avoided.
The method for reducing the abnormal rate of the fry of the lateral mustache porgy is applied to reducing the abnormal rate of the emergence of the fry of the lateral mustache porgy, preferably, the method further comprises the steps of arranging a spotlight at a pond corner of a fry rearing pond, opening the spotlight when the fry is incubated and cultivated for more than or equal to 20 days, and fishing the fry in dark light;
and/or, a water pump is arranged on the cultivating pool, and the water outlet of the water pump forms an included angle of 15-20 degrees with the pool wall along the long wall direction of the cultivating pool.
The normal fry is sensitive to light and has light-gathering property, the normal fry can quickly form a group which actively swims in the upper middle water layer under a spotlight, and the deformed fry cannot be added into the active group due to weak swimming ability and circles around a pool with dark light; meanwhile, the normally developed fry has the habit of swimming in groups in top water, and the deformed fry cannot resist the impact of running water because of weak swimming capability and can not enter the groups swimming in top water and be dispersed at the corners with smaller water flow speed; therefore, the deformed fish fry can be separated from the fish fry group by two modes of water flow impact and light condensation, and the deformed fish fry can be completely selected by catching with a hand-net and the like and generally operating for 2 to 3 days. Thus, by reducing the occurrence of abnormal fries of the Lucismus latus and the method for removing the abnormal fries in the later period, no abnormal fish is found in the fry culturing process, and the qualification rate of normal fish reaches 100 percent when commercial fish is sold. Avoiding the malformation loss caused by the malformed fish, and maximizing the breeding benefit.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the technical scheme provided by the invention starts from multiple aspects of heredity, nutrition, living environment and the like, selects wild rhabdosargus sarba as parent fish, controls the water body condition for fish fry incubation and cultivation, and feeds rotifer and fairy shrimp nauplius reinforced by a special method, thereby greatly reducing the occurrence of malformation, reducing the malformation rate of rhabdosargus sarba fries from more than 20% to less than 10%, effectively reducing the malformation rate of the rhabdosarba fry, and further combining the water flow impact and the light-gathering characteristic of the fries on the basis, being capable of conveniently removing malformed fries and enabling the qualification rate of the fries to reach 100%.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a photograph of normal snout bream.
Fig. 2 is a photograph of 3-day old Lumbolus fasciatus showing spinal deformity.
Fig. 3 is a photograph of 3-day old diaphragma pulcheri showing jaw malformation.
Fig. 4 is a photograph of a horizontal mustache porgy showing a deformity of the spine.
Fig. 5 is a photograph of a transverse mustache porgy showing a malformation of the jaw bone.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention.
The starting materials used in the present invention are commercially available or commonly used in the art, unless otherwise specified, and the methods in the following examples are conventional in the art, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A method for reducing the abnormal rate of fries of snout bream comprises the following steps:
(1) Feeding the larva fish with rotifers:
(1.1) selecting a wild rhabdosarba fascicularis group as a parent fish group to be fed, wherein the parent fish has normal body shape and no malformation phenomenon, feeding clamworm as bait after the parent fish enters a sexual maturity stage, and adding 3wt% of vitamin C, 1wt% of vitamin E, 3wt% of lecithin and 5wt% of immune polysaccharide based on the weight of the clamworm;
(1.2) after the parent fish spawns, hatching the fertilized eggs in a culture pond with the length of 5 m, the width of 3 m and the depth of 1.5 m, controlling the water temperature of a water body to be 20 ℃, the salinity of 25 per mill and the pH value of 7.5, and slightly aerating;
(1.3) opening on the 3 rd day after the pellegnathus fasciatus hatches out of the membrane, and feeding rotifers with reinforced cultivation for 1 time at 7 a.m. in the morning, 11 a.m. and 16 a.evening;
the rotifer nutrition strengthening method comprises the following steps: preparing an aqueous solution from a biological bait I consisting of schizochytrium limacinum powder, astaxanthin powder, vitamin A and vitamin D, wherein the schizochytrium limacinum powder is 0.10g/L, the astaxanthin powder is 0.04g/L, the vitamin A is 0.4 percent of the mass sum of the schizochytrium limacinum powder and the astaxanthin powder, and the vitamin D is 0.15 percent of the mass sum of the schizochytrium limacinum powder and the astaxanthin powder, dispersing rotifers into the aqueous solution of the biological bait I, wherein the dispersion density is 300/mL, and the nutrition is enhanced for 10 hours;
(2) Feeding the fairy shrimp nauplius to fry:
feeding nutrition-enriched fairy shrimp nauplii from the 10 th day of feeding the rotifers, wherein the feeding density of the fairy shrimp nauplii in the culture pond is 1/mL, the feeding amount is reduced by 20 percent per day, and the feeding time and the feeding frequency are unchanged;
the nutrition strengthening method of fairy shrimp nauplii comprises the following steps: preparing a water solution from a biological bait II consisting of schizochytrium limacinum powder and astaxanthin powder, wherein the schizochytrium limacinum powder is 0.10g/L and the astaxanthin powder is 0.04g/L, dispersing the fairy shrimp nauplii into the water solution of the biological bait I, the dispersion density is 300/mL, and the nutrition is enhanced for 6 hours.
By the method, when the incubated fry of the Lutjanus latus is cultivated for 20 days, the survival rate of the fry is 18.4%, and the aberration rate is 8.3%.
Example 2
A method for reducing abnormal rate of fry of snout bream comprises the following steps:
(1) Feeding the larva fish with rotifers:
(1.1) selecting a wild rhabdosarba colony as a parent fish colony to be fed, wherein the parent fish colony is normal in shape and has no malformation, feeding clamworm as bait after the parent fish enters a sexual maturity stage, and adding 2wt% of vitamin C, 2wt% of vitamin E, 5wt% of lecithin and 5wt% of immune polysaccharide based on the weight of the clamworm;
(1.2) after the parent fish spawns, hatching the fertilized eggs in a culture pond with the length of 5 m, the width of 3 m and the depth of 1.5 m, controlling the water temperature of a water body to be 22 ℃, the salinity of 28 per mill and the pH value of 8.0, and slightly aerating;
(1.3) opening on the 3 rd day after the pellegnathus fasciatus hatches out of the membrane, and feeding rotifers with reinforced cultivation for 1 time at 7 a morning, 11 a noon and 17 a evening respectively, wherein the feeding density of the rotifers in the cultivation pond is 4/mL;
the nutrition strengthening method of the rotifers comprises the following steps: preparing an aqueous solution from a biological bait I consisting of schizochytrium limacinum powder, astaxanthin powder, vitamin A and vitamin D, wherein the schizochytrium limacinum powder is 0.15g/L and the astaxanthin powder is 0.08g/L, the vitamin A is 0.8 percent of the mass sum of the schizochytrium limacinum powder and the astaxanthin powder, and the vitamin D is 0.2 percent of the mass sum of the schizochytrium limacinum powder and the astaxanthin powder, dispersing rotifers into the aqueous solution of the biological bait I, wherein the dispersion density is 350/mL, and the nutrition is strengthened for 9 hours;
(2) Feeding the fairy shrimp nauplius to fry:
feeding the rotifer nauplii with enhanced nutrition from the 9 th day, wherein the feeding density of the rotifer nauplii in the culture pond is 1/mL, the rotifer feeding is reduced by 25% of the decrement per day, and the feeding time and the feeding frequency are unchanged;
the nutrition strengthening method of fairy shrimp nauplii comprises the following steps: preparing a biological bait II consisting of schizochytrium limacinum powder and astaxanthin powder into an aqueous solution, wherein the schizochytrium limacinum powder is 0.15g/L and the astaxanthin powder is 0.08g/L, dispersing the fairy shrimp nauplii into the aqueous solution of the biological bait I, the dispersion density is 350/mL, and the nutrition is enhanced for 5 hours.
By the method, when incubated fry of snout bream is cultivated for 20 days, the survival rate of the fry is 19.8%, and the aberration rate is 7.1%.
Example 3
A method for reducing abnormal rate of fry of snout bream comprises the following steps:
(1) Feeding the fry with rotifer:
(1.1) selecting a wild rhabdosarba colony as a parent fish colony to be fed, wherein the parent fish colony is normal in shape and has no malformation, feeding clamworm as bait after the parent fish enters a sexual maturity stage, and adding 4wt% of vitamin C, 1wt% of vitamin E, 2wt% of lecithin and 6wt% of immune polysaccharide based on the weight of the clamworm;
(1.2) after the parent fish spawns, hatching the fertilized eggs in a culture pond with the length of 5 m, the width of 3 m and the depth of 1.5 m, controlling the water temperature of a water body to be 21 ℃, the salinity of 27 per thousand and the pH value of 8.0, and slightly inflating;
(1.3) opening on the 3 rd day after the pellegnathus fasciatus hatches out of the membrane, and feeding rotifers with reinforced cultivation for 1 time at 7 a, 11 a, and 18 a in the morning;
the rotifer nutrition strengthening method comprises the following steps: preparing a water solution from a biological bait I consisting of schizochytrium limacinum powder, astaxanthin powder, vitamin A and vitamin D, wherein the schizochytrium limacinum powder is 0.13g/L and the astaxanthin powder is 0.06g/L, the vitamin A is 0.6 percent of the sum of the masses of the schizochytrium limacinum powder and the astaxanthin powder, and the vitamin D is 0.25 percent of the sum of the masses of the schizochytrium limacinum powder and the astaxanthin powder, dispersing rotifers into the water solution of the biological bait I, wherein the dispersion density is 330/mL, and the nutrition is enhanced for 12 hours;
(2) Feeding the juvenile fish with fairy shrimp nauplii:
feeding the rotifer nauplii with enhanced nutrition from the 12 th day, wherein the feeding density of the rotifer nauplii in the culture pond is 2/mL, the feeding amount of the rotifer nauplii is reduced by 30% per day, and the feeding time and the feeding frequency are unchanged;
the nutrition strengthening method of fairy shrimp nauplii comprises the following steps: preparing a water solution from a biological bait II consisting of schizochytrium limacinum powder and astaxanthin powder, wherein the schizochytrium limacinum powder is 0.13g/L and the astaxanthin powder is 0.06g/L, dispersing the fairy shrimp nauplii into the water solution of the biological bait I, the dispersion density is 330/mL, and the nutrition is enhanced for 8 hours.
By the method, when the incubated fry of the Lutjanus latus is cultivated for 20 days, the survival rate of the fry is 18.7%, and the aberration rate is 7.6%.
Example 4
A method for realizing no malformation of fry emergence of snout bream comprises the following processes:
when fry of transverse sea bream is incubated and cultured for 20 days, the full length of the fry is 6.24 to 6.73 mm, deformed fry and normal fry are obviously distinguished due to certain difference in form and swimming capability, a water pump is arranged at a position, close to a corner, of a fry culturing pool of the transverse sea bream, a water outlet of the water pump is along the direction of a long wall of the culturing pool and forms an included angle of 15 degrees with the direction of the long wall, a spotlight ceiling lamp is arranged above the corner, the power is 20W, the water pump and the spotlight ceiling lamp are started at night, the fry in the period is sensitive to light and has a spotlight characteristic, normal fry can quickly form a group which actively swims in an upper water layer under a spotlight, the deformed fry cannot be added into an active group due to weak swimming capability, the ring is turned at the side of a pool with dark light, the normal fry which develops at the same time has the deformed swimming characteristic of group top water, the fry can be easily separated from the abnormal fry in a dark pond by a flashlight in a dark place, and the abnormal top water can be easily separated by a flashlight in a dark net for 3 days, the normal fry with normal operation of the transverse sea bream, the normal fry and the abnormal fry can be easily separated by using a light.
Of course, the above operations can be performed based on the schemes of the embodiments 1 to 3, and the yield of emergence can reach 100%, and the overall survival rate is high and the distortion rate is low.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that the selected parent fish population is an artificially fed population, and the rotifers and fairy worms are not enriched in nutrients. When the young bream with snout bream is cultivated for 20 days, the survival rate of the fry is 11.3 percent, and the aberration rate is 23.4 percent.
Comparative example 2
In comparison to example 1, neither rotifers nor fairy bugs were nutritionally fortified. When the young hemiphragma punctatus is cultivated for 20 days, the survival rate of the fry is 13.6 percent, and the deformity rate is 21.3 percent.
Comparative example 3
Compared with the example 1, in the biological feed I and the biological feed II, chlorella is used for replacing schizochytrium limacinum powder. When the young hemiphragma punctatus is cultivated for 20 days, the survival rate of the fry is 18.2 percent, and the deformity rate is 17.7 percent.
Comparative example 4
Compared with example 1, the schizochytrium limacinum powder is replaced by the spiral shape in the biological bait I and the biological bait II. When the young bream with snout bream is cultivated for 20 days, the survival rate of the fry is 16.4 percent, and the aberration rate is 20.6 percent.
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 1 was that astaxanthin was not added to rotifer and artemia cystokiniana for nutrition enrichment, and that the red sea bream was incubated for 20 days. The survival rate of the fry is 15.6 percent, and the deformity rate is 18.5 percent.
Comparative example 6
The difference from example 1 is that selenium yeast is added instead of astaxanthin for the rotifer and fairy shrimp during the enrichment of nutrients, and the selenium yeast is added during the enrichment. When the young bream with snout bream is cultivated for 20 days, the survival rate of the fry is 18.2 percent, and the aberration rate is 17.7 percent.
Comparative example 7
The difference from example 1 is that vitamin E was used instead of astaxanthin powder in biological feed I and biological feed II. When the young bream with snout bream is cultivated for 20 days, the survival rate of the fry is 17.6 percent, and the aberration rate is 18.1 percent.
Comparative example 8
The difference from example 1 is that rotifers fortified according to the method of example 1 have been used for feeding. When the young bream with snout bream is cultivated for 20 days, the survival rate of the fry is 12.1 percent, and the aberration rate is 20.8 percent.
Comparative example 9
The difference from example 1 is that rotifers were fortified with aqueous solutions of biological bait II and fairy bugs were fortified with aqueous solutions of biological bait I. When the young hemiphragma punctatus is cultivated for 20 days, the survival rate of the fry is 17.9 percent, and the deformity rate is 17.4 percent.
Comparative example 10
The difference from the example 1 is that the fairy shrimp nauplii powder is firstly used for feeding the fish fries, the rotifers with enhanced nutrition are fed on the 10 th day, and the fairy shrimp nauplii powder is fed in a decreasing amount of 20 percent per day; wherein, the fairy shrimp nauplii powder is obtained by reinforcing the fairy shrimp nauplii by the aqueous solution of the biological bait II, freezing, drying, crushing at low temperature and sieving by a 80-mesh sieve, the feeding amount is the same as the dry weight of the fairy shrimp nauplii in the embodiment 1, and the rotifer is reinforced by the aqueous solution of the biological bait I. When the young bream with snout bream is cultivated for 20 days, the survival rate of the fry is 18.1 percent, and the aberration rate is 15.3 percent.
In the calculation of the distortion rate of the fry, the number of the total fry groups in each scheme is not less than 1000, so that the accuracy of the result is ensured. It can be seen from the results described in the above examples and comparative examples that the distortion rate of the fry of diapascus acanthus could be reduced to 10% or less by using the present invention, and the present invention has remarkable effect. Meanwhile, the comparison of comparative examples 2 to 7 shows that the reasonable collocation of the biological baits for strengthening rotifers and fairy bugs is very important for reducing the deformity rate, and the comparison of comparative examples 8 to 10 shows that the vitamins A and D and the putting time of different worm bodies also have important influence.
Claims (10)
1. A method for reducing the abnormal rate of fry of snout bream, comprising the steps of:
(1) After the young fish with snout bream is opened, feeding rotifers with reinforced cultivation in the morning, at noon and in the evening in a segmented manner;
(2) Feeding the artemia nauplii which are enriched in nutrition from 9 th to 12 th days, and gradually reducing the feeding of the rotifers;
the rotifer nutrition strengthening method comprises the following steps: dispersing rotifers into an aqueous solution of biological bait I for nutrition enhancement, wherein the biological bait I comprises schizochytrium limacinum powder, astaxanthin powder, vitamin A and vitamin D;
and/or the nutrition strengthening method of the fairy shrimp nauplius is as follows: dispersing rotifers into an aqueous solution of a biological bait II for nutrition enhancement, wherein the biological bait II comprises schizochytrium limacinum powder and astaxanthin powder.
2. The method for reducing abnormal rate of fry of snout bream according to claim 1, wherein the abnormal rate of fry of snout bream is lower than the abnormal rate of fry of snout bream,
in the water solution of the biological bait I, 0.10 to 0.15g/L of schizochytrium limacinum powder, 0.04 to 0.08g/L of astaxanthin powder, 0.4 to 0.8 percent of vitamin A and 0.15 to 0.25 percent of vitamin D, wherein the sum of the weights of the schizochytrium limacinum powder and the astaxanthin powder is respectively;
and/or in the water solution of the biological bait II, 0.10-0.15 g/L of schizochytrium limacinum powder and 0.04-0.08 g/L of astaxanthin powder are/L.
3. The method for reducing abnormal rate of fry of snout bream according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the abnormal rate of fry of snout bream is lower than the abnormal rate of fry of snout bream,
the dispersion density of the rotifer in the aqueous solution of the biological bait I is 300 to 350/mL, and the nutrition is strengthened for 9 to 12 hours;
and/or the dispersion density of the fairy shrimp nauplii in the biological bait II aqueous solution is 300 to 350/mL, and the nutrition is strengthened for 5 to 8 hours.
4. The method for reducing abnormal rate of fry of snout bream according to claim 1, wherein the abnormal rate of fry of snout bream is lower than the abnormal rate of fry of snout bream,
the peak time of each feeding period is as follows: in the morning, the ratio of (7);
and/or feeding for 1 time in each feeding time period;
and/or the feeding density of rotifers is 3 to 4 per mL, and the feeding density of fairy shrimp nauplii is 1 to 2 per mL.
5. The method for reducing the abnormal rate of fry of red snapper related to claim 1, wherein the parent fish population of the red snapper related to breeding the red snapper related to mustache related to wild red snapper related to mustache related to family.
6. The method for reducing the abnormal rate of fries of lateral mustache bream according to claim 5,
the parent fish has normal body shape and no malformation phenomenon;
and/or the weight of the parent fish is more than or equal to 300g, and the body length is more than or equal to 18cm.
7. The method for reducing abnormal rate of fry of bream with snout bream according to claim 5, wherein the parent fish is fed with a food rich in protein and unsaturated fatty acids after entering the sexual maturity stage, and further comprises 2-4 wt% of vitamin C, 1-2 wt% of vitamin E, 2-5% o of lecithin and 5-6 wt% of immune polysaccharide.
8. The method for reducing the abnormal rate of fries of lateral mustache bream according to claim 7, wherein the bait is mussel meat or clamworm.
9. The method for reducing abnormal rate of fry of snout bream according to claim 1, wherein the water used for incubating and culturing the fry of snout bream is 20 to 22 ℃, has a salinity of 25 to 28%, has a pH of 7.5 to 8.0, and is slightly aerated.
10. The application of the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 for reducing the rate of dislocation of the emergence of the mustache latus, further comprising disposing a spot light at a pond corner of a fry rearing pond, opening the spot light when the fry is incubated for more than or equal to 20 days, and fishing the fry in a dark place;
and/or, a water pump is arranged on the cultivation pool, and the water outlet of the water pump forms an included angle of 15-20 degrees with the pool wall along the long wall direction of the cultivation pool.
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