CN107359855A - 一种交直流两用的光伏设备 - Google Patents

一种交直流两用的光伏设备 Download PDF

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CN107359855A
CN107359855A CN201610305675.6A CN201610305675A CN107359855A CN 107359855 A CN107359855 A CN 107359855A CN 201610305675 A CN201610305675 A CN 201610305675A CN 107359855 A CN107359855 A CN 107359855A
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pwm
photovoltaic apparatus
power switch
switch circuits
photovoltaic
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CN107359855B (zh
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曹仁贤
顾亦磊
谷雨
徐君
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Sungrow Power Supply Co Ltd
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Sungrow Power Supply Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201610305675.6A priority Critical patent/CN107359855B/zh
Priority to ES17163347T priority patent/ES2854927T3/es
Priority to EP17163347.2A priority patent/EP3244523B1/en
Priority to US15/474,061 priority patent/US10389132B2/en
Priority to JP2017067017A priority patent/JP2017205003A/ja
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F21S8/08—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation with a standard
    • F21S8/085—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation with a standard of high-built type, e.g. street light
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S9/00—Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply
    • F21S9/02—Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply the power supply being a battery or accumulator
    • F21S9/03—Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply the power supply being a battery or accumulator rechargeable by exposure to light
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H02J3/385—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
    • H02P7/06—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
    • H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
    • H02P7/24—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/28—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/32—Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/0077—Plural converter units whose outputs are connected in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/10—Arrangements incorporating converting means for enabling loads to be operated at will from different kinds of power supplies, e.g. from ac or dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H02M1/126—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output using passive filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
    • H02M7/5395—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种交直流两用的光伏设备，包括：光伏组件、直流侧电容、直流‑脉冲宽度调制DC‑PWM功率开关电路和控制器；直流侧电容并联在光伏组件的输出端；DC‑PWM功率开关电路的输入端连接光伏组件的输出端；DC‑PWM功率开关电路包括可控开关管；控制器，用于输出开关控制信号控制DC‑PWM功率开关电路中可控开关管的开关状态，以使DC‑PWM功率开关电路输出直流PWM波或交流PWM波；当开关控制信号为直流调制信号时，DC‑PWM功率开关电路输出直流PWM波；当开关控制信号为交流调制信号时，DC‑PWM功率开关电路输出交流PWM波。既应用需要直流供电的场合，也应用需要交流供电的场合，提高了通用性。

Description

一种交直流两用的光伏设备
技术领域
本发明涉及光伏发电技术领域，尤其涉及一种交直流两用的光伏设备。
背景技术
传统的光伏组件通常包含太阳能电池、框架、玻璃、背板和接线盒等。其接线盒内一般为旁路二极管，旁路二极管反接于一组串联的光伏电池两端，在电池片被遮挡或故障时正偏置导通，起到保护光伏电池的作用。在对传统组件的改进中，有些厂商采用MOSFET代替传统二极管以提高效率，也有的集成了数据采集和通讯系统。传统光伏组件功能简单，一般需要外接变换器才能并网或给负载供电。图1是一种传统光伏组件的示例。
针对传统光伏组件的不足，市场上出现了直流模块式光伏组件和交流模块式光伏组件。
参见图2，该图为直流模块式光伏组件的示意图。
直流模块式光伏组件包括传统的光伏组件、DC/DC功率开关电路和控制器，输出直流电能，并可以实现MPPT。直流模块式光伏组件输出为直流电压，可以直接作为直流母线，或者串联之后构成更高电压的直流母线。
参见图3，该图为交流模块式光伏组件的示意图。
交流模块式光伏组件包括传统的光伏组件、DC/AC功率开关电路和控制器，输出交流电能，并可以直接连接到电网或者直接给交流负载供电。
上述的三种光伏组件中，第一种传统组件无法实现电能调节，后面两种尽管可以实现电能的变换以及实现每个组件独立的MPPT，但是组件的输出只能是交流电压或者只能是直流电压。应对未来多样化的光伏应用，上述几种技术存在灵活性和通用性差的问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的以上技术问题，本发明提供一种交直流两用的光伏设备，可以控制其既能够输出交流又可以输出直流，灵活性和通用性比较高，可以适应未来多样化的光伏应用。
本发明实施例提供一种交直流两用的光伏设备，包括：光伏组件、直流侧电容、直流-脉冲宽度调制DC-PWM功率开关电路和控制器；
所述直流侧电容并联在所述光伏组件的输出端；
所述DC-PWM功率开关电路的输入端连接所述光伏组件的输出端；
所述DC-PWM功率开关电路包括可控开关管；
所述控制器，用于输出开关控制信号控制所述DC-PWM功率开关电路中可控开关管的开关状态，以使所述DC-PWM功率开关电路输出直流PWM波或交流PWM波；当所述开关控制信号为直流调制信号时，所述DC-PWM功率开关电路输出直流PWM波；当所述开关控制信号为交流调制信号时，所述DC-PWM功率开关电路输出交流PWM波。
优选地，所述DC-PWM功率开关电路为全桥电路。
优选地，所述DC-PWM功率开关电路为三电平逆变器拓扑电路。
优选地，所述DC-PWM功率开关电路输出直流PWM波时，负载为直流电机或LED路灯。
优选地，所述光伏设备为多个，且所述DC-PWM功率开关电路为输出直流PWM波时，该多个所述光伏设备串联在一起后为高压直流通讯系统供电。
优选地，所述光伏设备为多个，且所述DC-PWM功率开关电路输出直流PWM波时，
该多个所述光伏设备串联在一起后连接逆变器的输入端，所述逆变器的输出端连接交流电网；或，该多个光伏设备串并联在一起后连接所述逆变器的输入端，所述逆变器的输出端连接所述交流电网。
优选地，所述光伏设备为多个，所述DC-PWM功率开关电路输出交流PWM波时，
该多个光伏设备串联在一起后为家用电器供电，或，该多个光伏设备串联在一起后连接交流电网，或该多个光伏设备串并联在一起后连接交流电网。
优选地，还包括：滤波电路；
所述滤波电路，用于滤除所述DC-PWM功率开关电路输出的直流PWM波或交流PWM波中的谐波成分。
与现有技术相比，本发明至少具有以下优点：
利用控制器输出的开关控制信号可以控制DC-PWM功率开关电路输出直流PWM波或交流PWM波。当所述开关控制信号为直流调制信号时，所述DC-PWM功率开关电路输出直流PWM波；当所述开关控制信号为交流调制信号时，所述DC-PWM功率开关电路输出交流PWM波。从而使该光伏设备可以应用于在需要直流供电的场合，也可以应用于在需要交流供电的场合，这样提高了该光伏设备的通用性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请中记载的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为传统的光伏组件示意图；
图2为现有技术中为直流负载供电的光伏系统示意图；
图3为现有技术中为交流负载供电的光伏系统示意图；
图4为本发明提供的交直流两用的光伏设备实施例一示意图；
图5a为本发明提供的光伏设备输出+1电平示意图；
图5b为本发明提供的光伏设备输出0电平示意图；
图5c为本发明提供的光伏设备输出-1电平示意图；
图6a为本发明提供的开关控制信号为正直流量的PWM波形；
图6b为本发明提供的开关控制信号为负直流量的PWM波形；
图6c为本发明提供的开关控制信号为正直流量的PWM波形；
图6d为本发明提供的开关控制信号为正弦量单极性的PWM波形；
图6e为本发明提供的开关控制信号为正弦量双极性的PWM波形；
图7为本发明提供的DC-PWM功率开关电路由三电平单相逆变器电路来实现的示意图；
图8a为本发明提供的光伏设备为直流电机供电的示意图；
图8b为本发明提供的光伏设备为LED灯供电的示意图；
图8c为本发明提供的光伏设备为高压直流通讯供电的示意图；
图8d为本发明提供的光伏设备输出的直流电经过逆变器后并入交流电网实施例一示意图；
图8e为本发明提供的光伏设备输出的直流电经过逆变器后并入交流电网实施例二示意图；
图8f为本发明提供的光伏设备为家用电器供电的示意图；
图8g为本发明提供的光伏设备输出交流电并入交流电网实施例一示意图；
图8h为本发明提供的光伏设备输出交流电并入交流电网实施例二示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一：
参见图4，该图为本发明提供的交直流两用的光伏设备实施例一示意图。
本实施例提供的交直流两用的光伏设备，包括：光伏组件100、直流侧电容C、直流-脉冲宽度调制DC-PWM功率开关电路200和控制器300；
所述直流侧电容C并联在所述光伏组件100的输出端；
所述DC-PWM功率开关电路200的输入端连接所述光伏组件的输出端；
所述DC-PWM功率开关电路200包括可控开关管；
所述控制器300，用于输出开关控制信号控制所述DC-PWM功率开关电路200中可控开关管的开关状态，以使所述DC-PWM功率开关电路200输出直流PWM波或交流PWM波；当所述开关控制信号为直流调制信号时，所述DC-PWM功率开关电路200输出直流PWM波；当所述开关控制信号为交流调制信号时，所述DC-PWM功率开关电路200输出交流PWM波。
所述直流PWM包括直流调制波成分和谐波成分；所述交流PWM波包括交流调制波成分和谐波成分。
可以理解的是，本发明的目的就是使该光伏组件在负载需要直流的场合能够输出直流电，在负载需要交流的场合能够输出交流电。当开关控制信号为直流调制信号时，输出直流PWM波，该直流PWM波中包括直流调制波成分和谐波成分，滤波以后就剩下直流成分。
需要说明的是，本发明实施例中所述的光伏组件100可以为多个光伏电池板串联在一起，也可以为多个光伏电池板并联在一起，也可以为多个电池板串并联在一起。
可以理解的是，光伏组件100输出的为直流电，而DC-PWM功率开关电路200可以将直流电变换为PWM波信号进行输出。
需要说明的是，控制器300除了可以输出开关控制信号以外，还可以实现其他控制，例如，监测光伏组件或光伏电池板的状态、实现最大功率点追踪MPPT以及实现保护和通讯等功能。
控制器300的实现形式可以为MCU或DSP等。
本实施例提供的光伏设备，利用控制器输出的开关控制信号可以控制DC-PWM功率开关电路输出直流PWM波或交流PWM波。当所述开关控制信号为直流调制信号时，所述DC-PWM功率开关电路输出直流PWM波；当所述开关控制信号为交流调制信号时，所述DC-PWM功率开关电路输出交流PWM波。从而使该光伏设备可以应用于在需要直流供电的场合，也可以应用于在需要交流供电的场合，这样提高了该光伏设备的通用性。
实施例二：
参见图5a-5c，该图为本发明提供的交直流两用的光伏设备实施例二示意图。
本实施例中以DC-PWM功率开关电路由全桥电路来实现为例进行介绍。
具体可以参见图5a-5c，该全桥电路包括四个可控开关管，分别为S1-S4。控制这四个可控开关管的开关状态，可以使该全桥电路输出不同的电平。
具体地，可以产生+1、0、-1电平。图5a显示了H型全桥电路中S1和S4导通时，S2和S3关断时可以产生+1电平。
图5b显示了H型全桥电路中S3和S4导通，S1和S2关断时可以产生0电平。需要说明的是，该H型全桥电路中S3和S4关断，S1和S2导通时也能产生0电平，这种情况没有对应的图示。
图5c显示了H型全桥电路中S2和S3导通，S1和S4关断可以产生-1电平。
可以理解的是，PWM波就是至少包括+1、0和-1三种电平中的两种脉宽信号。
以调制频率为1kHz为例，图6a-6e示出了调制波成分包含+1、0、-1电平的PWM波形。
参见图6a，该图为开关控制信号为正直流量的PWM波形，包含+1和0两种电平。
参见图6b，该图为开关控制信号为负直流量的PWM波形，包含-1和0两种电平。
参见图6c，该图为开关控制信号为正直流量的PWM波形，包含+1和-1两种电平。
参见图6d，该图为开关控制信号为正弦量单极性的PWM波形，包含+1、0和-1三种电平。
参见图6e，该图为开关控制信号为正弦量单极性的PWM波形，包含+1和-1两种电平。
需要说明的是，以上以DC-PWM功率开关电路为全桥电路为例来介绍，可以理解的是，DC-PWM功率开关电路还可以为全桥电路的衍生电路来实现，例如，包括衍生的多电平拓扑，可以由三电平单相逆变器电路来实现。如图7所示的三电平单相逆变器电路。
以上实施例提供的交直流两用的光伏设备具有很强的通用性，可以应用于需要直流供电的场合，也可以应用于交流供电的场合，下面结合附图对其应用场景进行详细的介绍。
参见图8a，该图为交直流两用的光伏设备输出为直流PWM波时，负载为直流电机M，即为M供电。
参见图8b，该图为交直流两用的光伏设备输出为直流PWM波时，负载为直流LED灯，即为LED灯供电。
参见图8c，该图为所述光伏设备为多个，且所述DC-PWM功率开关电路为输出直流PWM波时，该多个所述光伏设备串联在一起后为高压直流通讯系统供电。
参见图8d，该图为所述光伏设备为多个，且所述DC-PWM功率开关电路输出直流PWM波时，
该多个所述光伏设备串联在一起后连接逆变器DC/AC的输入端，所述逆变器的输出端连接交流电网。
参见图8e，该图为多个光伏设备串并联在一起后连接所述逆变器DC/AC的输入端，所述逆变器的输出端连接所述交流电网。
需要说明的是，图8d和图8e的区别是，图8d是多个光伏设备串联在一起是为了增加输出电压，而图8e中多个光伏设备串联在一起后又并联在一起，这样既可以增加输出电压，又可以增加输出电流。
参见图8f，该图为所述光伏设备为多个，所述DC-PWM功率开关电路输出交流PWM波时，该多个光伏设备串联在一起后为家用电器供电。
参见图8g，，所述光伏设备为多个，所述DC-PWM功率开关电路输出交流PWM波时，该多个光伏设备串联在一起后连接交流电网。
参见图8h，所述光伏设备为多个，所述DC-PWM功率开关电路输出交流PWM波时，该多个光伏设备串并联在一起后连接交流电网。
以上实施例提供的交直流两用的光伏设备，可以应用于各种场合，通过控制器控制DC-PWM功率开关电路，可以将直流电转换为一系列的PWM波。该交直流两用的光伏设备输出的直流PWM波或交流PWM波经过滤波电路滤除谐波成分后可以生成直流或正弦交流等各种电压波形。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制。虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然而并非用以限定本发明。任何熟悉本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围情况下，都可利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰，或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案保护的范围内。

Claims (8)

1.一种交直流两用的光伏设备，其特征在于，包括：光伏组件、直流侧电容、直流-脉冲宽度调制DC-PWM功率开关电路和控制器；
所述直流侧电容并联在所述光伏组件的输出端；
所述DC-PWM功率开关电路的输入端连接所述光伏组件的输出端；
所述DC-PWM功率开关电路包括可控开关管；
所述控制器，用于输出开关控制信号控制所述DC-PWM功率开关电路中可控开关管的开关状态，以使所述DC-PWM功率开关电路输出直流PWM波或交流PWM波；当所述开关控制信号为直流调制信号时，所述DC-PWM功率开关电路输出直流PWM波；当所述开关控制信号为交流调制信号时，所述DC-PWM功率开关电路输出交流PWM波。
2.根据权利要求1所述的交直流两用的光伏设备，其特征在于，所述DC-PWM功率开关电路为全桥电路。
3.根据权利要求1所述的交直流两用的光伏设备，其特征在于，所述DC-PWM功率开关电路为三电平逆变器拓扑电路。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的交直流两用的光伏设备，其特征在于，所述DC-PWM功率开关电路输出直流PWM波时，负载为直流电机或LED路灯。
5.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的交直流两用的光伏设备，其特征在于，所述光伏设备为多个，且所述DC-PWM功率开关电路为输出直流PWM波时，该多个所述光伏设备串联在一起后为高压直流通讯系统供电。
6.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的交直流两用的光伏设备，其特征在于，所述光伏设备为多个，且所述DC-PWM功率开关电路输出直流PWM波时，
该多个所述光伏设备串联在一起后连接逆变器的输入端，所述逆变器的输出端连接交流电网；或，该多个光伏设备串并联在一起后连接所述逆变器的输入端，所述逆变器的输出端连接所述交流电网。
7.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的交直流两用的光伏设备，其特征在于，所述光伏设备为多个，所述DC-PWM功率开关电路输出交流PWM波时，
该多个光伏设备串联在一起后为家用电器供电，或，该多个光伏设备串联在一起后连接交流电网，或该多个光伏设备串并联在一起后连接交流电网。
8.根据权利要求1所述的交直流两用的光伏设备，其特征在于，还包括：滤波电路；
所述滤波电路，用于滤除所述DC-PWM功率开关电路输出的直流PWM波或交流PWM波中的谐波成分。
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