CN107353656A - 车辆用热塑性环保复合阻尼胶板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

车辆用热塑性环保复合阻尼胶板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107353656A
CN107353656A CN201710635821.6A CN201710635821A CN107353656A CN 107353656 A CN107353656 A CN 107353656A CN 201710635821 A CN201710635821 A CN 201710635821A CN 107353656 A CN107353656 A CN 107353656A
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CN107353656B (zh
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李亚鹏
王静媛
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Jilin University
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Abstract

本发明的车辆用热塑性环保复合阻尼胶板及其制备方法属于材料制备的技术领域。所述的车辆用热塑性环保复合阻尼胶板由阻尼层、粘弹层、束缚层三层依次复合构成；制备过程首先制备阻尼层板和束缚层板，最后再用热熔胶将阻尼层板和束缚层板复合在一起。本发明制备的复合阻尼胶板具有阻尼值高、热稳定性好、环保性好、材料利用率高等优点，在‑20～+50℃范围内阻尼值可以达到0.06～0.15。

Description

车辆用热塑性环保复合阻尼胶板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于材料制备的技术领域，特别涉及一种用于车辆减震降噪的复合阻尼材料和制备方法。
背景技术
车辆在运行过程中产生的中低频车内噪声主要通过固体途径传播，而高频车内噪声则以空气传播为主。一般汽车噪音是低频噪音，因此，如果能减弱或消除固体传播，则可大大降低车内噪声。阻尼减振降噪技术是有效控制振动和噪声的方法之一，在解决车内振动和噪声问题方面有着其他减振技术不可替代的功效，在汽车上得到了广泛应用。目前车辆阻尼材料多数用沥青阻尼板或毛毡等.对于降低车内噪音或振动有效果。事实上车辆减震降噪效果最好的是带有束缚层的复合阻尼板。复合阻尼板是由3层材料组成，包括束缚层、阻尼层、粘弹层复合在一起构成复合阻尼胶板，它的减震降噪效果要比前面所述阻尼板效果好，性能优于普通阻尼板，阻尼值可以提高1.0-2.5倍。
随着国内汽车市场发展以及我国对清洁生产的日渐重视，汽车减震降噪技术，正朝着采用环保材料、简化工序、降低生产成本的方向发展。申请人课题组在专利200410011306.3中已经制作了一种由束缚层、粘弹层、阻尼层组成的复合阻尼胶板，是热固化型的阻尼胶板，加入各种填料和橡胶助剂如硫化剂等，用于汽车减震降噪。但是在材料中使用了非环保型橡胶交联剂和触进剂，如四甲基二硫化秋兰姆、二苯胍、N-环己基-2苯并噻唑次磺酰胺等。容易对环境和车厢内造成污染，上述专利中有些交联剂和触进剂化工原料的VOC不合格，使得复合阻尼材料环保性差，VOC排放超标准，随着汽车对环保要求的提高，汽车厂不能再使用VOC不合格的复合阻尼材料。同时在橡胶中加入交联剂和触进剂产品稳定性差，保存期短，尤其夏季保存期仅有20天。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是，克服背景技术中现有复合阻尼胶板存在的不足，提供一种热塑性环保型复合组尼胶板及制备方法，利用多组分聚合物Tg衔接技术和有效组合，采用粘弹层、阻尼层、束缚层三层复合方法得到宽温域高阻尼的阻尼胶板。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种车辆用热塑性环保复合阻尼胶板，由阻尼层、粘弹层、束缚层三层依次复合构成；所述阻尼层、粘弹层、束缚层的厚度分别是1.0～3.0mm、0.2～1mm、1.0～3.0mm，
所述的阻尼层由沥青、填料、树脂和橡胶组成，按重量计，沥青占30～38份，填料占53～65份，树脂占4～8份，橡胶占0～5份；所述的填料选自滑石粉、云母、硅藻土、纤维；填料中所述的纤维可以是聚酯纤维、聚丙烯酸酯纤维、植物纤维等；所述的树脂选自石油树脂、聚乙烯或酚醛树脂；所述的橡胶选自丁苯橡胶或丁基橡胶；
所述的束缚层由塑料、橡胶、树脂和无机填料组成；按重量计，塑料和橡胶合计占30～34份，树脂占6～10份，无机填料占50～63份；所述的塑料是热塑性塑料，选自苯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丙烯酸酯或聚乙烯；所述的橡胶选自丁苯橡胶、聚丁二烯或聚氨酯；所述的树脂选自石油树脂、聚酯树脂、松香树脂或酚醛树脂；所述的无机填料选自云母、钛白粉、氧化钙、滑石粉、针粉、碳黑；
所述的粘弹层由热熔胶构成，粘弹层用来粘合束缚层和阻尼层；所述的热熔胶是聚丁二烯热熔胶、丁基橡胶、EVA热熔胶或聚氨酯热熔胶。
一种车辆用热塑性环保复合阻尼胶板制备方法，有以下步骤：
1)阻尼层板的制作：首先，将沥青在120～160℃熔化；其次，将填料、树脂和橡胶按所述的重量配比加入熔化的沥青中搅拌均匀用挤出机挤出胚块；最后，将胚块用双滚压延机制成厚度为1.0～3.0mm的片材，得到阻尼层板；
2)束缚层板制作：首先，将塑料、橡胶和树脂按所述的重量配比进行混合后在混炼机上混炼，温度为180～220℃；然后，加入无机填料继续搅拌30～40分钟；最后，将所得材料取出在三辊压延机上压片，厚度为1.5～3.0mm，得到束缚层板；
3)复合阻尼板的制作：首先，将压敏胶溶化后涂覆在步骤1)制得的阻尼层板上，再放上步骤2)制得的束缚层板，用油压机复合在一起制得由束缚层、粘弹层、阻尼层构成的车辆用热塑性环保复合阻尼胶板。
有益效果：
本发明利用束缚层、阻尼层、粘弹层三层复合胶板，制得环保型阻尼胶板，阻尼值高，热稳定性好，环保性好，边角料可以重复加工使用，提高了材料利用率。
本发明制备的车辆用热塑性环保复合阻尼胶板，在-20～+50℃范围内使用悬臂梁阻尼测试仪阻尼值0.06～0.15。
具体实施方式
下面结合给出的具体案例对本发明中的配料及加工工艺做进一步描述，并给出相应的阻尼值。表1和表2给出的原料是按重量百分比计算的。
所述的束缚层、阻尼层、粘弹层三层复合胶板厚度分别是1.0～3.0mm，1.0～3.0mm，0.2～1mm。
实施例1
阻尼层板的原料配比见表1中1#，束缚层板的原料配比见表2中1#，粘弹层使用聚丁二烯热熔胶。
首先，将沥青在120～160℃熔化；其次，将填料、树脂和橡胶按所述的重量配比加入熔化的沥青中搅拌均匀用挤出机挤出胚块；最后，将胚块用双滚压延机制成片材
加工方法：
1、阻尼层板制作工艺：板按表1中1#的原料配比先将沥青加热160℃融化，再将填料、树脂和橡胶加入融化的沥青中，挤出压延制成阻尼层板，厚度2mm。
2、束缚层制作方法：
将表2中的1#原料加入一体机中，采用橡塑密炼机-提升机-双锥挤出机-压延机为一体的设备，实现全自动生产过程。
(1)将橡胶、树脂和塑料加入橡塑密炼机里进行密炼(混炼)10分钟。温度为220℃。
(2)在该温度下加入无机填料，继续密炼10分钟。
(3)将上述密炼好的材料注入提升机料斗内，提升到双锥料斗上方导入从而实现连续化生产，然后用双螺杆挤出机挤出。
(4)直接在压延机上压片出片，厚度为3.0mm，该制作过程是连续化生产过程。
3、复合阻尼胶板制作工艺：将聚丁二烯热熔胶在170℃熔化用涂胶机将热熔胶涂在阻尼层板上，厚度0.6mm，再放上束缚层板，然后压延、切割，得到车辆用热塑性环保复合阻尼胶板。
使用悬臂梁阻尼测试仪测试不同温度下的阻尼值如下：
阻尼值：20℃0.07；40℃0.14；70℃0.06。
实施例2
阻尼层板的原料配比见表1中2#，厚度2.0mm，束缚层板的原料配比见表2中2#，厚度3mm，粘弹层使用聚丁二烯热熔胶厚度0.7mm，加工方法同实施例1。
阻尼值：20℃0.06；40℃0.15；70℃0.07。
实施例3
阻尼层板的原料配比见表1中3#，厚度2mm，束缚层板的原料配比见表2中3#，束缚板厚2mm，粘弹层使用聚氨酯热熔胶，粘弹层厚0.6mm。加工方法同实施例1
阻尼值：20℃0.06；40℃0.08；70℃0.07。
实施例4
阻尼层板的原料配比见表1中1#，阻尼层厚度2.5mm。束缚层板的原料配比见表2中2#，厚度3mm。粘弹层使用聚丁二烯热熔胶，粘弹层厚度0.6mm，加工方法同实施例1。
阻尼值：20℃0.06；40℃0.15；70℃0.07。
实施例5
阻尼层板的原料配比见表1中1#，阻尼层厚度2.0mm，束缚层板的原料配比见表2中4#，厚度2mm。粘弹层使用聚乙酸乙酯热熔胶，粘弹层厚度0.6mm，加工方法同实施例1。
阻尼值：20℃0.08；40℃0.10；70℃0.06。
实施例6
阻尼层板的原料配比见表1中1#，阻尼层厚度2.0mm，束缚层板的原料配比见表2中3#厚度1.5mm。粘弹层使用热聚丁二烯热熔胶，粘弹层厚度0.6mm，加工方法同实施例1。
阻尼值：20℃0.07；40℃0.10；70℃0.06。
实施例7
阻尼层板的原料配比见表1中2#，厚度2mm，束缚层板的原料配比见表2中1#，厚度2mm，粘弹层使用聚丁二烯热熔胶，厚度0.7mm，加工方法同实施例1。
阻尼值：20℃0.06；40℃0.14；70℃0.06。
实施例8
阻尼层板的原料配比见表1中2#，厚度2mm，束缚层板的原料配比见表2中4#，厚度2.2mm，粘弹层使用聚氨酯热熔胶，加工方法同实施例1。
阻尼值：20℃0.07；40℃0.08；70℃0.06。
实施例9
阻尼层板的原料配比表1中2#，粘弹层使用聚氨酯热熔胶，束缚层板的原料配比见表2中4#，但表2中4#的丁苯橡胶用等重量的聚丙烯胶替代，阻尼层厚度2mm，束缚层板厚度2mm，聚氨酯热熔胶厚0.06mm。加工方法同实施例1。
阻尼值：20℃0.05；40℃0.04；70℃0.03。
实施例9为用来对照的反例，在该实施例中，仅将丁苯橡胶替换为性质相近的聚丙烯胶，但制得的复合阻尼胶板的阻尼值大幅度下降，尤其在温度稍微升高到40℃、70℃时，阻尼值已下降到只有0.04、0.03，已经基本起不到减震降噪的作用。
表1
表2
。
由以上实施例可以看出，本发明制备的车辆用热塑性环保复合阻尼胶板用于车辆阻尼降噪时效果明显优于普通自由阻尼材料，尤其在高温下，表现出稳定的阻尼效果。本发明经过分子设计将多种复合材料组合在一起，制得的束缚型阻尼材料可以把声能和振动能有效的转化为热而消耗掉，达到降低噪音减小振动作用，束缚阻尼材料具有宽温域高阻尼特性，且无毒环保，是在汽车行业非常有价值的材料。

Claims (2)

1.一种车辆用热塑性环保复合阻尼胶板，由阻尼层、粘弹层、束缚层三层依次复合构成；其特征在于，所述阻尼层、粘弹层、束缚层的厚度分别是1.0～3.0mm、0.2～1mm、1.0～3.0mm；
所述的阻尼层由沥青、填料、树脂和橡胶组成，按重量计，沥青占30～38份，填料占53～65份，树脂占4～8份，橡胶占0～5份；所述的填料选自滑石粉、云母、硅藻土或/和纤维；填料中所述的纤维是聚酯纤维、聚丙烯酸酯纤维或植物纤维；所述的树脂是石油树脂、聚乙烯或酚醛树脂；所述的橡胶是丁苯橡胶或丁基橡胶；
所述的束缚层由塑料、橡胶、树脂和无机填料组成；按重量计，塑料和橡胶合计占30～34份，树脂占6～10份，无机填料占50～63份；所述的塑料是热塑性塑料，选自苯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丙烯酸酯或/和聚乙烯；所述的橡胶是丁苯橡胶、聚丁二烯或/和聚氨酯；所述的树脂是石油树脂、聚酯树脂、松香树脂或/和酚醛树脂；所述的无机填料是云母、钛白粉、氧化钙、滑石粉、针粉或/和碳黑；
所述的粘弹层由热熔胶构成，粘弹层用来粘合束缚层和阻尼层；所述的热熔胶是聚丁二烯热熔胶、丁基橡胶、EVA热熔胶或聚氨酯热熔胶。
2.一种权利要求1的车辆用热塑性环保复合阻尼胶板的制备方法，有以下步骤：
1)阻尼层板的制作：首先，将沥青在120～160℃熔化；其次，将填料、树脂和橡胶加入熔化的沥青中搅拌均匀用挤出机挤出胚块；最后，将胚块用双滚压延机制成厚度为1.0～3.0mm的片材，得到阻尼层板；
2)束缚层板制作：首先，将塑料、橡胶和树脂进行混合后在混炼机上混炼，温度为180～220℃；然后，加入无机填料继续搅拌30～40分钟；最后，将所得材料取出在三辊压延机上压片，厚度为1.5～3.0mm，得到束缚层板；
3)复合阻尼板的制作：首先，将压敏胶溶化后涂覆在步骤1)制得的阻尼层板上，再放上步骤2)制得的束缚层板，用油压机复合在一起制得由束缚层、粘弹层、阻尼层构成的车辆用热塑性环保复合阻尼胶板。
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CN1636706A (zh) * 2004-12-07 2005-07-13 长春一汽实业合成材料有限公司 高阻尼宽温域复合型阻尼胶板及制造方法
CN103289351A (zh) * 2013-05-21 2013-09-11 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 由氯醋树脂组成宽温宽频压电增效阻尼材料的制备方法

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CN1636706A (zh) * 2004-12-07 2005-07-13 长春一汽实业合成材料有限公司 高阻尼宽温域复合型阻尼胶板及制造方法
CN103289351A (zh) * 2013-05-21 2013-09-11 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 由氯醋树脂组成宽温宽频压电增效阻尼材料的制备方法

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CN110183995A (zh) * 2019-07-01 2019-08-30 吉林大学 一种车辆用束缚型阻尼材料制作方法

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