CN110183995A - 一种车辆用束缚型阻尼材料制作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明的一种车辆用束缚型阻尼材料制作方法属于化工产品和涂料制备领域。步骤包括:制备粘弹层阻尼片材,在得到的粘弹层阻尼片材的一面加上玻璃布作为束缚层,在130℃干燥30分钟,在粘弹层阻尼片材的另一面涂刷聚丙烯酸胶,然后用隔离纸保护。本发明采用环保型材料制作阻尼材料,减少了车辆内由于化学品挥发造成的异味和环境污染,且阻尼效果好,可以提高减振降噪效果,是理想的车辆用阻尼材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化工产品和涂料制备领域,特别涉及一种用于汽车、飞机、高速列车产生震动和噪音部位的阻尼材料的制备方法。
背景技术
汽车行驶时会产生噪声和振动,影响乘坐舒适性。衡量汽车舒适性的一个指标是NVH特性,即Noise(噪声)、Vibration(振动)和Harshness(声振粗糙度)。为获得更加舒适的乘坐体验,控制噪音和振动主要的方法是在汽车的地板、前围、后备箱、顶棚、车门等位置使用合适的阻尼材料,以实现减振降噪的效果。
固体机械零件的振动会造成机器损坏,交通工具的运行会产生有害噪声。随着现代工业的发展,这些危害正日益加剧。汽车、飞机、高速列车以及可以产生震动和噪音的部件常因振动疲劳而失效。
噪声对人的危害很大,一方面噪音会造成环境污染人身体带来损害,另一方面造成机械部件损害而失效。因此,噪音和振动的控制非常重要。
互穿聚合物网络(IPN)阻尼材料,具有高的阻尼值和宽的阻尼功能区,是理想的阻尼材料。IPN阻尼机理是高聚物在交变应力作用下,大分子链段克服分子摩擦阻力产生运动需要一定的时间,其应变滞后于应力,这种由摩擦产生滞后损耗进而将机械能转变为热能的能力称为材料的阻尼能力。
阻尼材料通常分为自由阻尼、束缚阻尼两种类型。束缚阻尼材料一般在阻尼材料表层再加上一层阻尼材料复合而成,可以有效的将振动和噪音吸收并转化,阻尼效果较自由阻尼好,是理想的阻尼材料。
与本发明最接近的现有技术是申请号为201611228732.1的中国专利,该专利中阻尼层采用苯丙、纯丙、和硅丙复合而成,束缚层采用环氧树脂,其中填料有玻纤和无机填料,开发环境友好的材料是今后发展方向。
束缚型阻尼材料具有宽温域高阻尼特性,但是随着车辆的轻量化和环保的要求,束缚型阻尼材料还有许多工作需要进一步研究。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是,提供一种具有复合约束结构的汽车用环保阻尼材料的制备方法,材料由阻尼层和约束层组成,其底层材为阻尼层,上层为束缚层,阻尼片总厚度为3~6mm,经固化干燥,制备具有束缚结构的阻尼片。主要用于汽车的车门、地板,后备箱,顶棚等位置,具有宽温域高阻尼特点。
本发明中是由阻尼层和束缚层两层构成,阻尼层的基料是聚丙烯酸乳液、水性聚氨酯乳液和环氧树脂乳液复合制备成IPN材料,束缚层为玻璃布。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种车辆用束缚型阻尼材料制作方法,包括以下步骤:
1)在搅拌釜中加入水性聚丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂和聚氨酯混合搅拌均匀制成IPN混合乳液,按质量比,聚丙烯酸酯:聚氨酯:环氧树脂=5:1~4:1~4;交联度为4.2%,再加入防冻剂、消泡剂、分散剂、表面活性剂和杀菌剂,搅拌均匀;再加入无机填料云母、重钙、硅藻土、针状粉、石墨、滑石粉,搅拌均匀;最后加入增稠剂和水并搅拌均一;然后用研磨过滤器过滤,得到粘稠状材料,用刮涂或用机械手喷涂,制成粘弹层阻尼片材;
2)在得到的粘弹层阻尼片材的一面加上玻璃布作为束缚层,在130℃干燥30分钟,得到具有束缚层的阻尼片;
3)在粘弹层阻尼片材的另一面涂刷聚丙烯酸胶,然后用隔离纸保护,得到车辆用束缚型阻尼材料。
在步骤1)中,按质量计,由水性聚丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂和聚氨酯混合制成的IPN混合乳液优选占总混合物的38%~45%。
在步骤1)中,制成的粘弹层阻尼片材的厚度优选4~5mm。
有益效果:
本发明采用环保型材料制作阻尼材料,减少了车辆内由于化学品挥发造成的异味和环境污染。同时一般的阻尼材料采用自由阻尼,也就是单一的材料来进行减振降噪,减振降噪效果较差。而束缚阻尼是在粘弹层上再加上一层束缚材料,束缚阻尼可以将机械能转变为热能直接消耗在体系内,有效降低振动或噪音的传播,阻尼效果较自由阻尼好,可以提高减振降噪效果,是理想的阻尼材料。
具体实施方式
实施例1
按质量比,聚丙烯酸乳液:聚氨酯乳液:环氧乳液为5:3:2,三者总用量为40%,重钙17%,云母10%,滑石粉10%,硅藻土5.5%,石墨6.0%,消泡剂0.7%,分散剂0.4%,防冻剂0.5%,增稠剂0.3%,表面活性剂7.5%,杀菌剂0.1%,水2%。制备步骤如下:
A、在搅拌釜中加入水性聚丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂和聚氨酯混合搅拌均匀制成IPN混合乳液,加入防冻剂、消泡剂、分散剂、自制复合助剂和杀菌剂,搅拌均匀。
B、将无机填料云母、重钙、硅藻土、滑石粉、石墨加入上述搅拌釜中搅拌均匀。
C、再往其中加入增稠剂和水,搅拌均一,后用过滤器过滤,得到粘稠状材料。
D、将上述C制备的粘稠状材料,用刮涂或用机械手喷涂,制成不同形状粘弹层阻尼片材,片材厚度4mm,然后在所述的粘弹层阻尼片材的一面加上1mm厚玻璃布作为束缚层,在130度干燥30分钟,得到具有束缚层的阻尼片。
E、在所述的粘弹层阻尼片材的另一面涂刷聚丙烯酸胶,然后用隔离纸保护,使用时将隔离纸去掉,贴在汽车车门,后备箱、顶棚等部位。
实施例2
按质量比,聚丙烯酸乳液:聚氨酯乳液:环氧乳液=5:4:1,三者总用量为38%,重钙10%、云母14%、滑石粉15%、硅藻土9.0%、石墨5.0%、消泡剂0.4%、分散剂0.5%、防冻剂0.5%、增稠剂0.2%、自制复合助剂6.3%、杀菌剂0.1%、水1%。
A、在搅拌釜中加入水性聚丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂和聚氨酯混合搅拌均匀制成IPN混合乳液,加入防冻剂、消泡剂、分散剂、自制复合助剂和杀菌剂,搅拌均匀。
B、将无机填料云母、重钙、硅藻土、滑石粉、石墨加入上述搅拌釜中搅拌均匀。
C、再往其中加入增稠剂和水,搅拌均一,然后用过滤器过滤,得到粘稠状材料。
D、将上述C制备的粘稠状材料,用刮涂或用机械手喷涂,制成不同形状粘弹层阻尼片材,片材厚度5mm,然后在所述的粘弹层阻尼片材的一面加上0.5mm厚玻璃布作为束缚层,在130度干燥30分钟,得到具有束缚层的阻尼片。
E、在所述的粘弹层阻尼片材的另一面涂刷聚丙烯酸胶,然后用隔离纸保护,使用时将隔离纸去掉,贴在汽车车门,后备箱、顶棚等部位。
实施例3
按质量比,聚丙烯酸乳液:聚氨酯乳液:环氧乳液=5:2:3,三者总用量为45%,重钙25%,云母10%,滑石粉8.77%,硅藻土5%,石墨3%,分散剂0.5%,防冻剂0.4%,增稠剂0.2%,自制复合助剂2.1%,杀菌剂0.03%。
制作方法同实施例1,粘弹层阻尼片材厚度4mm,束缚层厚度1.5mm。
实施例4
按质量比,聚丙烯酸乳液:聚氨酯乳液:环氧乳液=5:1:4,三者总用量为42%,重钙20%,云母10%,滑石粉8%,硅藻土5%,石墨5%,分散剂0.5%,防冻剂0.4%,增稠剂0.2%,自制复合助剂5.1%,杀菌剂0.3%,水3.5%。
制作方法同实施例1,粘弹层阻尼片材厚度4.5mm,束缚层厚度0.5mm。
表1各实施例制备的材料的阻尼值
试验项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 |
阻尼值0℃ | 0.151 | 0.201 | 0.101 | 0.16 |
阻尼值20℃ | 0.096 | 0.174 | 0.072 | 0.851 |
阻尼值40℃ | 0.112 | 0.136 | 0.137 | 0.210 |
分别在0、20、40条件下对上述实施例1~4制备的阻尼材料进行阻尼测试,如果如上表1所示,可以看出,本发明制备的束缚型阻尼材料较宽的温度范围内均有很好的阻尼效果。
Claims (3)
1.一种车辆用束缚型阻尼材料制作方法,包括以下步骤:
1)在搅拌釜中加入水性聚丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂和聚氨酯混合搅拌均匀制成IPN混合乳液,按质量比,聚丙烯酸酯:聚氨酯:环氧树脂=5:1~4:1~4;交联度为4.2%,再加入防冻剂、消泡剂、分散剂、表面活性剂和杀菌剂,搅拌均匀;再加入无机填料云母、重钙、硅藻土、针状粉、石墨、滑石粉,搅拌均匀;最后加入增稠剂和水并搅拌均一;然后用研磨过滤器过滤,得到粘稠状材料,用刮涂或用机械手喷涂,制成粘弹层阻尼片材;
2)在得到的粘弹层阻尼片材的一面加上玻璃布作为束缚层,在130℃干燥30分钟,得到具有束缚层的阻尼片;
3)在粘弹层阻尼片材的另一面涂刷聚丙烯酸胶,然后用隔离纸保护,得到车辆用束缚型阻尼材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种车辆用束缚型阻尼材料制作方法,其特征在于,在步骤1)中,按质量计,由水性聚丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂和聚氨酯混合制成的IPN混合乳液占总混合物的38%~45%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种车辆用束缚型阻尼材料制作方法,其特征在于,在步骤1)中,制成的粘弹层阻尼片材的厚度为4~5mm。
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