CN107337275B - Aerobic granular sludge with high denitrification capacity at low temperature, culture method and culture device - Google Patents

Aerobic granular sludge with high denitrification capacity at low temperature, culture method and culture device Download PDF

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CN107337275B
CN107337275B CN201710604254.8A CN201710604254A CN107337275B CN 107337275 B CN107337275 B CN 107337275B CN 201710604254 A CN201710604254 A CN 201710604254A CN 107337275 B CN107337275 B CN 107337275B
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aerobic granular
granular sludge
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sludge
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CN107337275A (en
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任洪强
何甦
丁丽丽
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Nanjing University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/301—Aerobic and anaerobic treatment in the same reactor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/1205—Particular type of activated sludge processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/38—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/06—Nutrients for stimulating the growth of microorganisms
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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Abstract

The invention discloses aerobic granular sludge with high denitrification capacity at low temperature, a culture method and a culture device, and belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering. The device comprises an aerobic granular sludge reactor and a water supply unit, wherein a water inlet is formed in the upper end of the aerobic granular sludge reactor, and aerobic granular sludge formed by taking rice hull biochar as a core is filled in the aerobic granular sludge reactor; the water supply unit comprises a water inlet pipe, a pump is installed on the water inlet pipe, the head of the water inlet pipe extends into the aerobic granular sludge reactor through the water inlet, and domestic sewage is led to enter the aerobic granular sludge reactor. The invention makes up the defect that the concentration of soluble organic nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in the effluent of the low-temperature activated sludge reactor is higher due to the insufficient ammoniation, nitrification and denitrification capabilities of the activated sludge in the existing low-temperature domestic sewage treatment.

Description

Aerobic granular sludge with high denitrification capacity at low temperature, culture method and culture device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of domestic sewage purification treatment, and particularly relates to a process for adding rice hull Biochar (Biochar) into flocculent activated sludge to form aerobic granular sludge, which enhances the denitrification capability of microorganisms at low temperature, is mainly suitable for enhancing denitrification of domestic sewage at the low temperature of 4-15 ℃, and reduces water-soluble organic nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen of a sewage treatment plant.
Background
The abundance and activity of denitrifying bacteria (ammonifying bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria) in the active sludge are reduced under the condition of low temperature (less than 15 ℃), so that the concentration of soluble organic nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen of low-temperature effluent of a sewage treatment plant is increased, and the quality of the effluent is deteriorated. The flocculent activated sludge method is an aerobic biological treatment technology of sewage which is most widely applied at present, accounts for more than 90 percent of the urban sewage treatment process, but the denitrification activity of the flocculent activated sludge is obviously reduced under the low-temperature condition.
The key for improving the denitrification capability of microorganisms under the low-temperature condition is to strengthen the denitrification capability of activated sludge microorganisms, and the existing method for strengthening the treatment effect of activated sludge under the low-temperature condition mainly comprises the steps of changing an operation process, adjusting operation parameters, adjusting the quality of inlet water, physically strengthening, adding additives or high-efficiency cold-resistant strains, but the methods have the limitations of the methods; in addition, the sewage treatment process and the engineering design parameters under the low-temperature condition are greatly different from those under the normal-temperature condition.
For example, a patent application publication No. 201510751936.2 filed on 2016, 3, and 23 discloses a method for accelerating sludge granulation by using biochar, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparation of rhizoumsp. njustt 18 inoculum: inoculating Rhizobium sp. INJUST18 into an inorganic salt culture medium MSM added with 0.5-2g/L pyridine, culturing for 96 hours by a shaking table, centrifuging the bacterial liquid for 10 minutes under the condition of 8000 × g, and taking the obtained bacterial sediment as an inoculum of an SBR reactor; (2) starting the reactor: adding simulated wastewater containing 500mg/L pyridine and 500mg/L sodium acetate into an SBR reactor, mixing 2g dry weight of Rhizobium sp.NJUST18 and 2g dry weight of activated sludge, adding the mixture into the SBR reactor as a mixed inoculum, adding 4g/L biochar when the SBR reactor is started at the initial stage, and operating the SBR reactor with the volume exchange rate of 50 percent in the mode of: water inlet, aeration, sedimentation and water outlet; (3) culturing granular sludge: in the starting and running process of the reactor, with the improvement of the degradation performance of the pyridine in the simulated wastewater, the content of sodium acetate in the simulated wastewater is gradually reduced, and the content of the pyridine in the simulated wastewater is gradually increased to 3000 mg/L; gradually adjusting the operation period from 24 hours to 8 hours to increase the water inlet load; gradually reducing the settling time of the sludge from 10 minutes to 2 minutes until pyridine in the simulated wastewater is used as a unique carbon source and a unique nitrogen source. The method is simple to operate, and can prepare 0.01-0.5mm of biochar from rice bran to form aerobic granular sludge.
The patent application with Chinese patent application number 201510002654.2 and application publication date of 2015, 4 and 22 discloses a method for quickly culturing aerobic granular sludge at low temperature, which specifically comprises the following steps: (1) inoculating 5L of aerobic tank activated sludge into an internal circulation sequential batch air stripping reactor, wherein the effective volume of SBAR is 10.4L, the water drainage ratio is 50%, the reaction period is 3h, 5.2L of water is fed in each period, the water temperature is controlled to be 8-12 ℃, and the pH value of the fed water is adjusted to be 7.0 +/-0.2; wherein the static water inlet period is 60min, the aeration reaction period is 112min, the sludge settling period is 3min, and the rapid water discharge period is 5 min; the dissolved oxygen saturation in the static water inlet period is 0, and the dissolved oxygen saturation in the aeration reaction period is 100 percent; (2) adding alginate granules once every 8 reaction periods, adding the alginate granules in an aeration reaction period, wherein the adding amount is about 1.4 percent (m/m) of the water inflow in one period, and adding 200 alginate granules every time until sludge granules are formed.
Compared with the flocculent activated sludge method, the aerobic activated sludge method has an anaerobic layer, an anoxic layer and an aerobic layer, can enrich nitrobacteria and denitrifying bacteria, and is a well-known process with stronger denitrification capability under low-temperature conditions. The ammonifying bacteria of the anaerobic layer can enhance the degradation of soluble organic nitrogen, the denitrifying bacteria of the anoxic layer can enhance the removal of nitrate, and the environment of the aerobic layer is favorable for the enrichment of nitrifying bacteria. The utilization rate of the carbon source by the microorganisms is low under the low-temperature condition, the denitrification carbon source is insufficient, a carbon source with a relatively stable structure needs to be found to serve as an aerobic granular sludge core, and the denitrification carbon source is provided for a long time. The rice hull biochar is a slow-release carbon source, the loss of the rice hull biochar added into soil for 5 years is 50-80%, and the content of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) can be obviously improved. Although the technical schemes of the two documents form aerobic granular sludge by using rice bran and sodium alginate as cores, the denitrification capability of activated sludge microorganisms is not well researched, and the problem of denitrification of low-temperature domestic sewage cannot be effectively solved. In addition, the rice hull biochar adopted by the invention is agricultural solid waste which is cheaper and easily obtained than the two materials, and has obvious advantages in the time for forming aerobic granular sludge.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Problems to be solved
The invention provides a culture device of aerobic granular sludge with high denitrification capability at low temperature, aiming at the problem that the effluent soluble organic nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen content of an active sludge method at low temperature are higher and do not reach the standard.
The invention also provides aerobic granular sludge with high denitrification capability at low temperature, the rice hull biochar is used as a core, compared with aerobic granular sludge formed by other methods, the starting time is shorter, the problem that the aerobic granular sludge is easy to disintegrate can be solved, and meanwhile, the rice hull biochar can continuously release volatile fatty acid to provide an additional carbon source for denitrification.
The invention also provides a method for culturing aerobic granular sludge with high denitrification capability at low temperature, wherein the concentration of the added rice hull biochar is 500-1000mg/L, and the concentration of the flocculent activated sludge is 3000-4000mg/L, so that the flocculent sludge can be adsorbed on the biochar to form the aerobic granular sludge, and the denitrification effect of the activated sludge at low temperature can be improved simultaneously.
2. Technical scheme
The invention principle is as follows: the flocculent activated sludge is added with rice hull biochar which can be used as a core to accelerate the formation of aerobic granular sludge, and the aerobic granular sludge process has three community functions of anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic from inside to outside and has three functions of ammoniation, nitrification and denitrification; meanwhile, the rice hull biochar serving as the core can release volatile fatty acid and serve as a carbon source to promote denitrifying bacteria in an anoxic layer to utilize the volatile fatty acid for denitrification.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a culture device of aerobic granular sludge with high denitrification capability at low temperature, which comprises an aerobic granular sludge reactor and a water supply unit, wherein the upper end of the aerobic granular sludge reactor is provided with a water inlet, and flocculent activated sludge and rice hull biochar are filled in the aerobic granular sludge reactor; the water supply unit comprises a water inlet pipe, a pump is installed on the water inlet pipe, the head of the water inlet pipe extends into the aerobic granular sludge reactor through the water inlet, and domestic sewage is led to enter the aerobic granular sludge reactor.
As a further improvement of the invention, a water outlet and a sludge outlet are arranged on the side wall of the aerobic granular sludge reactor.
As a further improvement of the invention, the device also comprises a stirring unit, wherein the stirring unit comprises a power part, a stirring shaft and a stirring paddle, the stirring shaft is connected with the power part, the stirring shaft is arranged in the water inlet pipe in a penetrating way and extends downwards to the bottom of the aerobic granular sludge reactor, the stirring paddle is fixed at the lower end of the stirring shaft, the power output by the power part is transmitted to the stirring paddle, and the stirring paddle fully stirs the activated sludge.
As a further improvement of the invention, the device also comprises an aeration unit which is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the aerobic granular sludge reactor and is positioned below the stirring paddle, and the aeration unit is arranged in the middle of the aerobic granular sludge reactor to form an upper aerobic lower anoxic environment, which is beneficial to the growth of denitrifying bacteria in the aerobic environment and the function of the denitrifying bacteria as functional strains in the anoxic environment.
As a further improvement of the invention, the device also comprises a dissolved oxygen tester, the dissolved oxygen tester comprises a controller and a detection rod, the controller and the detection rod are connected through a lead, the detection rod is arranged in the aerobic granular sludge reactor, and the concentration of the dissolved oxygen is controlled to be 5-6 mg/L.
As a further improvement of the invention, the concentration of the flocculent activated sludge is 3000-4000 mg/L.
As a further improvement of the invention, the concentration of the rice hull biochar is 500-1000 mg/L.
The invention relates to a method for culturing aerobic granular sludge with high denitrification capability at low temperature, which comprises the following steps:
(a) under the condition of low temperature of 4-15 ℃, adding inoculated flocculent activated sludge into an aerobic granular sludge reactor, and carrying out stirring and aeration treatment to ensure that the flocculent activated sludge is in a completely mixed state;
(b) feeding into an aerobic granular sludge reactorAdding rice hull biochar, stirring and aerating for 24 hours, standing, and discharging a small amount of rice hull biochar suspended on the water surface; adding 1.6-2.0kg of organic load/(m) into an aerobic granular sludge reactor3D) stirring and aerating the simulated domestic sewage for 24 hours, standing, and discharging flocculent activated sludge settled on the upper layer of the rice hull biochar;
(c) flocculent activated sludge adhered on the aerobic granular sludge can generate new flocculent activated sludge, the newly generated flocculent activated sludge is continuously discharged through a sludge discharge port, after 10 days of acclimation, actual domestic sewage is added for treatment, and the organic load of inlet water is gradually reduced to 0.6-0.8kg/(m & lt/& gt)3D), regulating the C/N ratio to 100: 5 by adding glucose, controlling the water power retention time to be 12h, controlling the dissolved oxygen concentration to be 5-6mg/L, and gradually reducing the simulated domestic sewage until the simulated domestic sewage is not added after the stable state is reached to form aerobic granular sludge.
As a further improvement of the invention, the concentration of flocculent activated sludge added into the aerobic granular sludge reactor in the step (a) is 3000-4000 mg/L.
As a further improvement of the invention, the concentration of the rice hull biochar added into the aerobic granular sludge reactor in the step (b) is 500-1000 mg/L.
The aerobic granular sludge obtained by the culture method takes the rice hull biochar as a core, and domestic sewage denitrification is optimal under the low-temperature condition of 4-15 ℃.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the culture device of the aerobic granular sludge with high denitrification capability at low temperature is formed with the aerobic granular sludge taking the rice hull biochar as the core, can effectively reduce the content of soluble organic nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in effluent water of an active sludge method at low temperature, and has the best effect of removing the ammonia nitrogen and the total nitrogen in the aerobic granular sludge formed by the rice hull biochar compared with other known biochar (such as rice bran, coconut shells, bamboos and the like) under the condition of the same quality; under the condition that the total nitrogen concentration of inlet water is 20mg/L, the concentration of soluble organic nitrogen of outlet water of the low-temperature reactor can be controlled to be lower than 1mg/L, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen is lower than 4mg/L, and the concentration of total nitrogen is lower than 12mg/L by the aerobic granular sludge process formed by rice hull organisms.
(2) According to the aerobic granular sludge with high denitrification capability at low temperature, the rice hull biochar is used as a core, the flocculent activated sludge is quickly formed into the aerobic granular sludge within 30 days at low temperature, compared with other aerobic granular sludge formed, the starting time is shorter, the problem that the aerobic granular sludge is easy to disintegrate can be solved, and meanwhile, the rice hull biochar can continuously release volatile fatty acid to provide an additional carbon source for denitrification;
(3) according to the method for culturing the aerobic granular sludge with high denitrification capability at low temperature, the rice hull biochar is added into an aerobic granular sludge reactor, the concentration is 500-1000mg/L, and the concentration of flocculent activated sludge is 3000-4000mg/L, so that the flocculent sludge can be adsorbed on the biochar to form the aerobic granular sludge, and the denitrification effect of the activated sludge at low temperature can be improved;
(4) the method for culturing the aerobic granular sludge with high denitrification capability at low temperature does not need specific activated sludge microorganisms, only needs secondary sedimentation tank sludge of a common sewage treatment plant, the sewage treatment plant generally treats sewage with low carbon nitrogen ratio, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria are easy to obtain, the nitrifying bacteria generally account for about 2 percent of total sludge strains, and the denitrifying bacteria account for about 12 percent.
(5) The culture device of the aerobic granular sludge with high denitrification capability at low temperature has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable design, easy manufacture and high sludge granulation ratio.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an apparatus for culturing aerobic granular sludge having high denitrification capability at low temperatures according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the surface-adhered microorganisms of aerobic granular sludge formed by coconut shell biochar according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows microorganisms adhered to the surface of aerobic granular sludge formed by using rice hull biochar according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows microorganisms adhered to the surface of aerobic granular sludge formed by bamboo charcoal according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional fluorescence diagram of aerobic granular sludge reactor low-temperature effluent formed by rice hull biochar;
FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional fluorescence view of low-temperature effluent from a common flocculent activated sludge reactor;
FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional fluorescence image of the formation of low temperature effluent from an aerobic granular sludge reactor using anaerobic granular sludge.
In the figure: 1. a water inlet pipe; 2. a pump; 3. an aerobic granular sludge reactor; 4. a water outlet; 5. aerobic granular sludge; 6. a stirring paddle; 7. a sludge discharge port; 8. a dissolved oxygen meter; 9. an aeration unit.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration exemplary embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. Although these exemplary embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be realized and that various changes to the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The following more detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is presented for purposes of illustration only and not limitation to describe the features and characteristics of the invention, to set forth the best mode of carrying out the invention, and to sufficiently enable one skilled in the art to practice the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is to be limited only by the following claims.
The detailed description and exemplary embodiments of the invention will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings, where the elements and features of the invention are identified by reference numerals.
With reference to fig. 1, a culture apparatus for aerobic granular sludge with high denitrification capability at low temperature is established in a sewage treatment plant. The invention comprises an aerobic granular sludge reactor 3, a stirring unit, an aeration unit 9, a dissolved oxygen tester 8 and a water supply unit, wherein most of the structure of the aerobic granular sludge reactor 3 is the structure of the reactor disclosed in the patent publication No. CN106219746A, the upper end of the aerobic granular sludge reactor 3 is provided with a water inlet, the side wall of the aerobic granular sludge reactor 3 is provided with a water outlet 4 and a sludge outlet 7, and the reactor is filled with flocculent activated sludge and rice hull biochar; the water supply unit comprises a water inlet pipe 1, a pump 2 is arranged on the water inlet pipe 1, the head of the water inlet pipe 1 extends into the aerobic granular sludge reactor 3 from a water inlet, and domestic sewage is led to enter the aerobic granular sludge reactor 3; the stirring unit comprises a power part, a stirring shaft and a stirring paddle 6, the stirring shaft is connected with the power part, penetrates through the water inlet pipe 1 and extends downwards to the bottom of the aerobic granular sludge reactor 3, the stirring paddle 6 is fixed at the lower end of the stirring shaft, power output by the power part is transmitted to the stirring paddle 6, and the stirring paddle 6 fully stirs flocculent activated sludge; the aeration unit 9 is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the aerobic granular sludge reactor 3 and is positioned below the stirring paddle 6, and an upper aerobic lower anoxic environment is formed in the middle of the aerobic granular sludge reactor 3 by utilizing the aeration unit 9, so that the growth of denitrifying bacteria in the aerobic environment and the function of the denitrifying bacteria as functional strains in the anoxic environment are facilitated; the dissolved oxygen tester 8 comprises a controller and a detection rod, wherein the controller and the detection rod are connected through a lead, the detection rod is arranged in the reactor, and the concentration of the dissolved oxygen is controlled to be 5-6 mg/L. Many dissolved oxygen measuring apparatuses currently on the market can be used in the present invention, and the dissolved oxygen measuring apparatus 8 used in the present invention is a U.S. hash dissolved oxygen measuring apparatus (Polymetron 9582).
The inventor finally obtains the technical scheme of the invention by long-term large-scale experimental research and combining the reaction mechanism of an aerobic granular sludge method, namely, the rice hull biochar is added into the flocculent activated sludge to be used as a core to accelerate the formation of the aerobic granular sludge 5, and the aerobic granular sludge 5 process has three community functions of anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic from inside to outside and has three functions of ammoniation, nitrification and denitrification; meanwhile, the rice hull biochar serving as the core can release volatile fatty acid and serve as a carbon source to promote denitrifying bacteria in an anoxic layer to perform denitrification by utilizing the volatile fatty acid, so that the problem of low microbial denitrification activity under a low-temperature condition is solved, in addition, the problem of low-temperature domestic sewage denitrification is effectively solved, the concentrations of soluble organic nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen of effluent of a sewage treatment plant are reduced, and the effluent quality is better.
In addition, the applicant of the invention thinks that the grain diameter of the rice hull biochar is larger than that of the rice bran biochar from the aspect of grain diameter, so that aerobic granular sludge is more easily formed; from the structural strength, the rice hull biochar is higher than the rice bran biochar in structural strength, and the material with strong structural strength is easier to maintain the stability of the aerobic granular sludge structure under the high hydraulic load condition of a sewage treatment plant; the rice bran also has certain nutritive value and can be used as feed for livestock; but the rice hulls are completely solid wastes and only can be returned to the field, and the rice hulls are utilized to better accord with the concept of treating wastes with wastes, which is also considered from the aspect of economic cost; from the time of forming aerobic granular sludge, the rice hull biochar with larger specific surface area is faster, and the starting time of the reactor is faster; from the aspect of treatment effect, the proportion of the aerobic granular sludge anaerobic layer and the anoxic layer formed by the rice hull biochar with larger size is larger, the denitrification effect is better, and the treatment effect of the reactor is better.
Example 1
The invention relates to a method for culturing aerobic granular sludge with high denitrification capability at low temperature, which comprises the following steps:
(a) inoculating flocculent activated sludge is added into aerobic granular sludge reactors R1, R2 and R3 at the low temperature of 5 ℃, the sludge concentration is 3000mg/L, stirring and aeration are carried out, the dissolved oxygen concentration is 5-6mg/L, and the inoculating flocculent activated sludge is enabled to reach the state of complete mixing;
(b) adding coconut shell biochar into a first reactor R1, adding rice hull biochar into a second reactor R2, and adding bamboo biochar into a third reactor R3 respectively, wherein the concentrations of the coconut shell biochar, the rice hull biochar and the bamboo biochar are all 500mg/L, stirring and aerating for 24 hours, and then standing reactors R1, R2 and R3;
the first reactor R1 discharges a small amount of coconut shell biochar suspended on the water surface, and the reactor R1 is added with 1.6-2.0kg of organic load/(m)3D) stirring and aerating the simulated domestic sewage for 24 hours, then standing the reactor R1, and discharging flocculent activated sludge settled on the coconut shell biochar;
the second reactor R2 discharges a small amount of rice hull biochar suspended on the water surface, and the reactor R2 is added with 1.6-2.0kg of organic load/(m)3D) stirring and aerating the simulated domestic sewage for 24 hours, then standing the reactor R2, and discharging flocculent activated sludge settled on the upper layer of the rice hull biochar;
the third reactor R3 discharges a small amount of bamboo biochar suspended on the water surface, and the reactor R3 is added with organic load of 1.6-2.0 kg/(m)3D) stirring and aerating the simulated domestic sewage for 24 hours, then leaving the reactor R3 at rest, and discharging flocculent activated sludge settled on the upper layer of the bamboo charcoal;
(c) aiming at reactors R1, R2 and R3, the subsequent treatment steps are consistent, new flocculent activated sludge can be generated by flocculent activated sludge adhered on aerobic granular sludge, the newly generated flocculent activated sludge is continuously discharged through a sludge discharge port, after the activated sludge is acclimated for 10 days, actual domestic sewage is added for treatment, and the organic load of inlet water is gradually reduced to 0.8kg/(m < m > of organic load3D), regulating the C/N ratio to 100: 5 by adding glucose, controlling the concentration of dissolved oxygen to be 5mg/L after the water power retention time is 12h, and gradually reducing the simulated domestic sewage until the simulated domestic sewage is not added after the stable state is achieved (the ammonia nitrogen removal rate is more than 80 percent) to form the obtained aerobic granular sludge, as shown in figure 2, figure 3 and figure 4.
Through the treatment of the steps, the reactor R2 added with the rice hull biochar can well operate under the low-temperature condition, the concentration of the ammonia nitrogen in the effluent is 3.3-3.5mg/L, and the total nitrogen in the effluent is 11.1-11.5 mg/L. Compared with reactors R1 and R3 which feed other biochar under the condition of equal mass, the reactor R2 which feeds the rice hull biochar can reduce ammonia nitrogen of effluent by at least 16 percent and total nitrogen of the effluent by at least 20 percent, and the comparison condition is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Low-temp. operation of apparatus for culturing aerobic granular sludge formed by different kinds of biochar
Figure BDA0001356776710000071
Example 2
In the embodiment, only inoculated flocculent activated sludge with the sludge concentration of 4000mg/L is added into a reactor R4, and inoculated flocculent activated sludge with the sludge concentration of 4000mg/L and rice hull biochar with the sludge concentration of 1000mg/L are added into a reactor R5.
(a) Inoculating flocculent activated sludge to the reactors R4 and R5 at the low temperature of 15 ℃, wherein the sludge concentration is 4000mg/L, stirring and aerating, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is 5-6mg/L to ensure that the flocculent activated sludge is in a completely mixed state;
(b) adding no biochar into the fourth reactor R4, adding 1000mg/L rice hull biochar into the fifth reactor R5, stirring and aerating for 24 hours, and standing the reactors R4 and R5;
the fourth reactor R4 is charged with an organic load of 1.6 to 2.0 kg/(m)3D) simulated domestic sewage, stirred and aerated for 24 hours, and then left standing in reactor R4;
the fifth reactor R5 discharges a small amount of rice hull biochar suspended on the water surface; adding simulated domestic sewage with organic load of 1.6-2.0kg/(m3 d) into a reactor R5, stirring and aerating for 24 hours, standing the reactor R5, and discharging flocculent activated sludge settled on the upper layer of the rice hull biochar;
(c) aiming at the reactor R5, flocculent activated sludge adhered on the aerobic granular sludge can generate new flocculent activated sludge, the newly generated flocculent activated sludge is continuously discharged through a sludge discharge port, after the activated sludge is acclimated for 10 days, actual domestic sewage is added for treatment, and the organic load of inlet water is gradually reduced to 0.8 kg/(m/(m) m3D), regulating the C/N ratio to 100: 5 by adding glucose, controlling the concentration of dissolved oxygen to be 5.5mg/L, and gradually reducing the simulated domestic sewage to be not added after reaching a stable state (the ammonia nitrogen removal rate is more than 80 percent); after the reactor R4 is acclimated for 10 days by activated sludge, adding actual domestic sewage for treatment, and gradually reducing the organic load of inlet water to 0.8 kg/(m)3D), the hydraulic retention time is 12h, and after the steady state is achieved (ammonia nitrogen removal rate is more than 80 percent), the simulated domestic sewage is gradually reduced to be not added.
Through the treatment of the steps, the reactor R5 added with the rice hull biochar can well operate under the low-temperature condition, the concentration of the ammonia nitrogen in the effluent is 0.23-0.55mg/L, and the total nitrogen in the effluent is 4.85-5.49 mg/L. Compared with a reactor R4 of flocculent activated sludge, the reactor R5 of the invention added with rice hull biochar can reduce ammonia nitrogen of effluent by at least 77 percent and total nitrogen of the effluent by at least 66 percent, and the comparison condition is shown in Table 2. In addition, according to the comparison between FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the content of the dissolved organic nitrogen in the effluent of the aerobic granular sludge added with biochar is lower, and the content of the dissolved organic nitrogen in the effluent of the aerobic granular sludge added with biochar is also lower.
TABLE 2 Low temperature operating conditions of a culture apparatus utilizing rice hull biochar and not utilizing aerobic granular sludge formation
Figure BDA0001356776710000081
Figure BDA0001356776710000091
Example 3
In the embodiment, anaerobic granular activated sludge with the sludge concentration of 4000mg/L is added into a reactor R6, and aerobic activated sludge with the sludge concentration of 4000mg/L and rice hull biochar of 700mg/L are added into a reactor R7.
(a) Under the condition of low temperature of 10 ℃, inoculating anaerobic granular activated sludge is added into a reactor R6, inoculating aerobic activated sludge is added into a reactor R7, the sludge concentration is 4000mg/L, stirring and aeration are carried out, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is 5-6mg/L, so that the activated sludge is in a completely mixed state;
(b) adding no biochar into the sixth reactor R6, adding only 700mg/L rice hull biochar into the seventh reactor R7, stirring and aerating for 24 hours, and standing the reactors R6 and R7;
the reactor R6 is charged with an organic load of 1.6-2.0 kg/(m)3D) simulated domestic sewage, stirred and aerated for 24 hours, and then left standing in reactor R6;
the seventh reactor R7 discharges a small amount of rice hull organisms suspended on the water surfaceCarbon; the reactor R7 is charged with an organic load of 1.6-2.0 kg/(m)3D) stirring and aerating the simulated domestic sewage for 24 hours, then standing the reactor R7, and discharging flocculent activated sludge settled on the upper layer of the rice hull biochar;
(c) aiming at the reactor R6, after the activated sludge is acclimated for 10 days, adding actual domestic sewage for treatment, and gradually reducing the organic load of inlet water to 0.8 kg/(m)3D), regulating the C/N ratio to 100: 5 by adding glucose, controlling the concentration of dissolved oxygen to be 6mg/L after the water power stays for 12 hours and achieving a stable state (the ammonia nitrogen removal rate is more than 80 percent), and gradually reducing the simulated domestic sewage until the simulated domestic sewage is not added; aiming at the reactor R7, flocculent activated sludge adhered on the aerobic granular sludge can generate new flocculent activated sludge, the newly generated flocculent activated sludge is continuously discharged through a sludge discharge port, after the activated sludge is acclimated for 10 days, actual domestic sewage is added for treatment, and the organic load of inlet water is gradually reduced to 0.8 kg/(m/(m) m3D), the hydraulic retention time is 12h, and after the steady state is achieved (ammonia nitrogen removal rate is more than 80 percent), the simulated domestic sewage is gradually reduced to be not added.
TABLE 3 Low temperature operation of a culture apparatus using aerobic granular sludge from different sources
Figure BDA0001356776710000092
Figure BDA0001356776710000101
The two aerobic granular sludge sources are respectively formed by converting anaerobic granular sludge and rice hull biochar, and by comparison, a reactor R7 added with the rice hull biochar has shorter starting time (less than 30 days) under the low-temperature condition and better denitrification effect, the concentration of the ammonia nitrogen in effluent is 0.64-0.77mg/L, and the total nitrogen in the effluent is 7.63-8.15 mg/L. Compared with the reactor R6 of aerobic granular sludge converted from anaerobic granular sludge, the reactor R7 of the invention added with rice hull biochar reduces the starting time and reduces the concentrations of soluble organic nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the outlet water of the reactor R7 at low temperature. In addition, according to the comparison between FIG. 5 and FIG. 7, the content of the dissolved organic nitrogen in the effluent of the aerobic granular sludge added with biochar is lower, and the content of the dissolved organic nitrogen in the effluent of the aerobic granular sludge added with biochar is also lower.
The invention and its embodiments have been described in detail in the above for illustrative purposes, and the description is not intended to be limiting, and the embodiments shown in the drawings are only one embodiment of the invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that similar arrangements and embodiments can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and it is intended to cover all such modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. A method for culturing aerobic granular sludge with high denitrification capability at low temperature is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) under the condition of low temperature of 4-15 ℃, flocculent activated sludge is added and inoculated into the aerobic granular sludge reactor (3) for stirring and aeration treatment, so that the flocculent activated sludge is in a completely mixed state;
(b) adding rice hull biochar into the aerobic granular sludge reactor (3), stirring and aerating for 24 hours, standing, and discharging a small amount of rice hull biochar suspended on the water surface; adding 1.6-2.0kg of organic load/(m) into an aerobic granular sludge reactor (3)3D) stirring and aerating the simulated domestic sewage for 24 hours, standing, and discharging flocculent activated sludge settled on the upper layer of the rice hull biochar;
(c) flocculent activated sludge adhered on the aerobic granular sludge can generate new flocculent activated sludge, the newly generated flocculent activated sludge is continuously discharged through a sludge discharge port, after 30 days of acclimation, actual domestic sewage is added for treatment, and the organic load of inlet water is gradually reduced to 0.6-0.8kg/(m & lt/& gt)3D), adjusting the C/N ratio to 100 by adding glucose: 5, the hydraulic retention time is 12 hours, the concentration of dissolved oxygen is controlled to be 5-6mg/L, and after the stable state is reached, the simulated domestic sewage is gradually reduced until the simulated domestic sewage is not added, so that the aerobic granular sludge is formed.
2. The method for cultivating aerobic granular sludge with high denitrification capability at low temperature as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of flocculent activated sludge added to the aerobic granular sludge reactor (3) in the step (a) is 3000-4000 mg/L; in the step (b), the concentration of the rice hull biochar added into the aerobic granular sludge reactor (3) is 500-1000 mg/L.
3. The aerobic granular sludge obtained by the cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, which uses rice hull biochar as a core and is suitable for denitrification treatment of domestic sewage at a low temperature of 4-15 ℃.
4. The apparatus for culturing aerobic granular sludge with high denitrification capability at low temperature according to claim 3, wherein the apparatus comprises an aerobic granular sludge reactor (3) and a water supply unit, wherein a water inlet is arranged at the upper end of the aerobic granular sludge reactor (3), flocculent activated sludge and rice hull biochar are filled in the aerobic granular sludge reactor (3), the water supply unit comprises a water inlet pipe (1), a pump (2) is arranged on the water inlet pipe (1), and the head of the water inlet pipe (1) extends into the aerobic granular sludge reactor (3) from the water inlet to induce the domestic sewage to enter the aerobic granular sludge reactor (3).
5. The apparatus for cultivating aerobic granular sludge with high denitrification capability at low temperature according to claim 4, wherein the side wall of the aerobic granular sludge reactor (3) is provided with a water outlet (4) and a sludge outlet (7).
6. The apparatus for cultivating aerobic granular sludge with high denitrification capability at low temperature according to claim 4, further comprising a stirring unit, wherein the stirring unit comprises a power component, a stirring shaft connected with the power component, and a stirring paddle (6), the stirring shaft is arranged in the water inlet pipe and extends downwards to the bottom of the aerobic granular sludge reactor (3), the stirring paddle (6) is fixed at the lower end of the stirring shaft, and the power output by the power component is transmitted to the stirring paddle (6).
7. The apparatus for cultivating aerobic granular sludge with high denitrification capability at low temperature according to claim 4, further comprising an aeration unit (9), wherein the aeration unit (9) is installed at the bottom center of the aerobic granular sludge reactor (3) and below the stirring paddle (6).
8. The apparatus for cultivating aerobic granular sludge with high denitrification capability at low temperature according to claim 4, wherein the apparatus further comprises a dissolved oxygen meter (8), the dissolved oxygen meter (8) comprises a controller and a detection rod, the controller and the detection rod are connected by a wire, and the detection rod is disposed in the aerobic granular sludge reactor (3).
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