CN109665632B - Process for rapidly degrading high-concentration eutrophic sewage - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process for rapidly degrading high-concentration eutrophic sewage, belonging to the technical field of sewage treatment. The invention carries on the multistage series or multistage parallel installation to the reactor, then processes the sewage; the reactor is filled with a medium material, the lower layer is filled with hollow bricks, the middle layer is filled with coal cinder, volcanic rock and quartz sand, and the upper layer is not filled; transferring the sewage to be treated into a reactor, adding heterotrophic bacteria, and activating biological strains by using raw water; the sewage adopts a continuous water feeding mode, each reactor is used for supplying oxygen to the supernatant by an aerator, and when the free ammonia of the sewage is lower than 25mg/L, intermittent oxygen supply is adopted; during the above treatment, the water temperature is kept at 12-40 ℃. The invention can effectively treat the eutrophic sewage with high concentration, and has high treatment speed and greatly reduced energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, and particularly relates to a process for quickly degrading high-concentration eutrophic sewage.
Background
With the development of urbanization in China, the total amount of domestic sewage is increased rapidly. The urban domestic sewage has high nutrient substances and belongs to eutrophic wastewater. The eutrophic wastewater is discharged improperly and easily causes the eutrophication of the water body of the discharged area. Eutrophication refers to the phenomenon that under the influence of human activities, excessive nutrients such as ammonia, nitrogen and phosphorus are received by water, so that algae and other zooplankton are rapidly bred, the water becomes discolored, smelly and turbid, and the water is continuously deteriorated, so that the ecological system and water functions of the water are hindered and destroyed. When the eutrophication is serious to a certain degree, water blooms, algae in the water breed in a large amount, and dissolved oxygen is reduced rapidly, so that aquatic organisms such as fishes and the like die in a large amount. And in the outbreak of algae, microcystis and other freshwater algae producing toxin can produce algal toxin, and the health of aquatic animals and even human beings is threatened directly. Meanwhile, due to eutrophication, the ecological system balance of the water body is broken, so that the biological diversity of the water body is reduced. The eutrophication of the water body not only restricts the availability of river and lake resources, but also directly influences the healthy survival of human beings and the sustainable development of social economy, and is a great environmental problem of global nature.
The eutrophic sewage treatment mainly degrades and removes the ammonia nitrogen phosphorus and other nutrient substances in the sewage, the nitrogen removal is one of the hot points and difficulties of the research in the current water pollution control field, and researchers develop a plurality of processes and methods for efficiently and economically removing nitrogen. According to the traditional denitrification theory, nitrification and denitrification can not be simultaneously carried out in the same process. In addition, the traditional sewage treatment process generally has the problems of low treatment efficiency, high energy consumption, incapability of treating ultrahigh-concentration sewage and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provide a process for quickly degrading high-concentration eutrophic sewage.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a process for quickly degrading high-concentration eutrophic sewage includes installing reactors in multi-stage series or multi-stage parallel connection, and treating sewage; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, filling a medium material in the reactor, filling hollow bricks at the lower layer, filling one or more of coal cinder, volcanic rock and quartz sand at the middle layer, and not filling the upper layer;
s2, activating heterotrophic bacteria with raw water: transferring the sewage to be treated into a reactor, adding heterotrophic bacteria, stirring uniformly, activating, and standing for 14-21 days to propagate the heterotrophic bacteria; the feeding amount of the heterotrophic organism bacteria is 1-2g per ton of sewage; the heterotrophic organism is put in every 3-5 years;
s3, adopting a continuous water inlet mode for sewage, and when the dissolved oxygen in the sewage is lower than 0.8mg/L, feeding oxygen to the supernatant by an oxygen increasing machine in each reactor, wherein the air supply amount of each ton of sewage is 12m3Over h, when the sewage is freeWhen the ammonia is lower than 25mg/L, intermittent oxygen supply is adopted;
s4, during the above treatment, the water temperature is kept at 12-40 ℃.
Further, in step S2, the flora of heterotrophic bacteria is one or more of rotifer, facultative bacteria, and aerobic bacteria; the flora of the heterotrophic bacteria is preferably one or more of rotifer, beetle and denitrifying bacteria.
Further, after the reactors are connected in series, in step S3, the sewage is continuously fed, the previous reactor and the next reactor are connected by a water pipe, one end of the water pipe is connected to the upper end of the previous reactor, the other end of the water pipe is connected to the lower end of the next reactor, and the water pipe is provided with a water pump which pumps the upper water of the previous reactor to the lower layer of the next reactor through the water pipe to form plug-flow type water feeding.
Furthermore, after the reactors are connected in series, the last stage reactor is connected with the first stage reactor through a return pipe, the return pipe is provided with a return valve and a return water pump, the last stage reactor is also provided with a water outlet, and when water discharged by the last stage reactor meets the water discharge standard, the water is directly discharged from the water outlet; and when the water discharged by the last stage reactor does not meet the drainage standard, opening a return valve and a return water pump, and pumping the water back to the first stage reactor through a return pipe for retreatment.
Further, in step S3, the first stage reactor is supplied with an air amount of 12m3After each stage of reactor, the gas supply is increased by 0.5m3/h。
Further, the ammonia nitrogen content of the sewage is more than 10000 mg/L; the total phosphorus is more than 2000 mg/L; COD is more than 20000 mg/L.
Furthermore, the reactor is sealed, and anaerobic bacteria and facultative bacteria are put in the sewage treatment process.
Further, in step S1, the middle layer of the reactor is filled with coal slag, volcanic rock and quartz sand which are uniformly mixed, and the mass ratio of the coal slag, the volcanic rock and the quartz sand is 1-2: 0.5-1: 1.
further, in step S1, the volume ratio of the lower layer, the middle layer and the upper layer of the reactor is 1: 3-4: 1.5-2.
Further, in step S4, the water temperature is maintained at 18-25 ℃.
Has the advantages that:
1. the method has high treatment rate on the high-concentration eutrophic sewage, and the total treatment rate reaches 95 percent; and can treat the sewage with ultra-high concentration with ammonia nitrogen content more than 10000mg/L and total phosphorus content more than 2000mg/L, COD more than 20000 mg/L.
2. Compared with the traditional process, the sewage treatment process can continuously feed water, has short sewage retention time and high treatment efficiency, and saves the energy consumption by 90 percent compared with the traditional process. In addition, the sewage in the treatment process of the process does not need to stay, and the process can be designed to be used in a river channel.
3. According to the invention, a certain amount of medium material is filled in the reactor, wherein the volcanic material is porous and has the function of adsorbing free ammonia nitrogen, and the service life of volcanic particles in a water body is more than 50 years; the coal cinder adapts to positive and negative charges, can adsorb dust in a water body, and has the functions of decoloring and dedusting; the medium materials are mutually matched to intercept the outflow of heterotrophic bacteria, the heterotrophic bacteria generate a biological membrane in the medium, and the organic matters are intercepted and decomposed.
The invention directly uses sewage raw water to activate heterotrophic bacteria, and stands for 14-21 days to carry out maximum cultivation and propagation, the microorganisms are attached in gaps of media after being activated, the media are mutually attached and linked, the biomembrane is attached in the carrier to form the biomembrane to connect the carrier to form a multilayer flora, and the surface area is larger than that of water, thereby playing roles of filtration, synchronous nitrification and denitrification. In the invention, as various medium materials are arranged in each layer of the reactor to be matched with the initial flora for activated propagation, only 1-2g of heterotrophic bacteria are added to each ton of sewage, and only one addition is needed, so that the maintenance is needed for 3 to 5 years, and the cost is greatly reduced; the heterotrophic organism strain has the advantages that the dominant flora mainly comprises rotifers, facultative bacteria and aerobic bacteria, and is matched with a push type water inlet mode, the heterotrophic organism bacteria are arranged in a medium material, an anaerobic section is formed at the bottom, a facultative section and an aerobic section are formed at the middle upper part, and a nitrification process and a denitrification process are integrally formed, ammonia nitrogen is decomposed into gas and water, and phosphorus is absorbed and solidified by organisms; through the reaction of each part of the reactor, the eutrophic sewage with high concentration can be degraded quickly, and the aim of efficiently treating the sewage is achieved.
4. The water temperature can influence the nitrification and denitrification degree of the treatment process, and the existing research considers that the nitrifying bacteria are very active at 10-20 ℃, the accumulation rate of ammonia nitrogen is very low no matter how high the free ammonia concentration is, and the influence of the temperature on the activity of nitrifying bacteria is greater than the inhibition effect of the free ammonia concentration on the activity of the nitrifying bacteria under the condition; when the temperature is 20-25 ℃, the nitration reaction rate is reduced and the nitrosation reaction rate is increased; when the temperature is higher than 25 ℃, the inhibition effect of the concentration of the free ammonia on the nitrifying bacteria is larger than the effect of the temperature, the accumulation of ammonia nitrogen can be caused by the inhibition of the concentration of the free ammonia, and the temperature range in which the nitrosobacteria can possibly form advantages in quantity is 30-34 ℃. Tests show that the process realizes synchronous nitrification and denitrification at 12-40 ℃, and does not accord with the view in the prior document, even if the temperature is changed at 18-25 ℃, the system can still realize the synchronous nitrification and denitrification process, the accumulation of ammonia nitrogen in the system is stable, and the removal of ammonia nitrogen in the system is stable, which indicates that the process can realize normal-temperature nitrification and denitrification through the process setting of each step.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
notation in the figure: 1-reactor, 2-lower layer, 3-middle layer, 4-upper layer, 5-aerator, 6-aerator pipe, 7-aerator head, 8-water inlet, 9-water pipe, 10-return pipe, 11-return valve, 12-return water pump, and 13-water outlet.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
Example 1
A process for rapidly degrading high-concentration eutrophic sewage comprises the steps of adopting a cylindrical SBR reactor with the inner diameter of 300mm and the height of 650mm as a reactor 1, and treating sewage after five-stage series connection of the five reactors 1 as shown in figure 1; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing the reactor 1 into a lower layer 2, a middle layer 3 and an upper layer 4, wherein the volume ratio of the lower layer 2, the middle layer 3 and the upper layer 4 is 1: 3: 2, filling a medium material in each reactor 1, filling hollow bricks in the lower layer 2, filling coal cinder, volcanic rock and quartz sand which are uniformly mixed in the middle layer 3, wherein the mass ratio of the coal cinder, the volcanic rock and the quartz sand is 1: 0.5: 1, the upper layer 4 is not filled;
s2, transferring the sewage to be treated into a reactor 1, adding heterotrophic bacteria, stirring uniformly to activate biological strains by using sewage raw water, standing for 16 days to culture and propagate the heterotrophic bacteria, and keeping the water temperature at 10-40 ℃; the adding amount of the biological strains is that 1.5g of heterotrophic biological bacteria are added into each ton of sewage according to the sewage capacity of the reactor; the heterotrophic organism is thrown once every 4 years; the flora of the heterotrophic bacteria consists of rotifers and beetles in the same proportion.
S3, sewage enters from a water inlet 8 in a continuous water inlet mode, the water inlet 8 is arranged at the upper end of a first-stage reactor 1, two adjacent stages of reactors 1 are connected through a water conveying pipe 9, namely, a previous-stage reactor is connected with a next-stage reactor through the water conveying pipe 9, one end of the water conveying pipe 9 is connected with the upper end of the previous-stage reactor, the other end of the water conveying pipe 9 is connected with the lower end of the next-stage reactor, the water conveying pipe 9 is provided with a water pump, the water pump pumps upper-layer water of the previous-stage reactor to the lower layer of the next-stage reactor through the water conveying pipe 9 to form plug-flow type water inlet, namely, the flow of the water pump is set according to treatment capacity, and water enters from the second-stage reactor and flows upwards; the push-flow type influent water can not only promote and maintain the integral nitrification and denitrification process of the system, but also reduce the loss of heterotrophic bacteria and ensure that the heterotrophic bacteria can be cultured and propagated in a proper environment.
When the dissolved oxygen in the sewage is lower than 0.8mg/L, the upper liquid is supplied with oxygen by an oxygen increasing machine 5 for each reactor 1, gas is conveyed to an aeration head 7 through an aeration pipe 6, the upper layer 2 of each reactor 1 is aerated, and the gas supply amount of each ton of sewage is 12m3More than h, specifically: the gas supply of the first stage reactor was 12m3H/ton, after every addition of a first reactor, thenThe air supply amount is correspondingly increased by 0.5m3H/ton, i.e. the feed rate to the second stage reactor was 12.5m3H/ton, the gas supply of the third reactor stage was 13m3H/ton, feed rate to the fourth reactor 13.5m3H/ton, the gas supply of the fifth reactor stage was 14m3H/ton; when the free ammonia in the sewage is lower than 25mg/L, intermittent oxygen supply is adopted;
after the reactors 1 are connected in series, the fifth-stage reactor is connected with the first-stage reactor through a return pipe 10, the return pipe 10 is provided with a return valve 11 and a return water pump 12, the upper end of the fifth-stage reactor is also provided with a water outlet 13, when water discharged by the fifth-stage reactor meets the drainage standard specified by the country, the water is discharged from the water outlet 13, and when the water discharged by the fifth-stage reactor does not meet the drainage standard specified by the country, the water is pumped back to the first-stage reactor for retreatment by opening the return valve 11 and the return water pump 12.
S4, during the above treatment, the water temperature is kept at 18-25 ℃.
Example 2
A process for rapidly degrading high-concentration eutrophic sewage comprises the following steps:
s1, filling a medium material in the SBR reactor, filling hollow bricks on the lower layer, filling coal cinder, volcanic rock and quartz sand which are uniformly mixed on the middle layer, wherein the mass ratio of the coal cinder, the volcanic rock and the quartz sand is 2: 1: 1; the volume ratio of the lower layer, the middle layer and the upper layer of the reactor is 1: 4: 2;
s2, transferring the sewage to be treated into a reactor, adding heterotrophic organism bacteria, activating biological strains by using raw water, and standing for 14 days to culture and propagate the heterotrophic organism bacteria; the putting amount of the biological strains is 1g per ton of sewage; the heterotrophic organism is thrown once every 3 years; the heterotrophic organism comprises heterotrophic organism bacteria consisting of rotifers, tickworms and denitrifying bacteria in any proportion;
s3, continuously feeding water into the sewage, and supplying oxygen to the supernatant by an aerator in each reactor, wherein the air supply of each reactor is 13m3When the free ammonia in the sewage is lower than 25mg/L, intermittent oxygen supply is adopted;
s4, during the above treatment, the water temperature is kept at 12-25 ℃.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 3
A process for rapidly degrading high-concentration eutrophic sewage comprises the following steps:
s1, filling a medium material in the SBR reactor, filling hollow bricks on the lower layer, filling coal cinder, volcanic rock and quartz sand which are uniformly mixed on the middle layer, wherein the mass ratio of the coal cinder, the volcanic rock and the quartz sand is 1: 0.5: 1; the volume ratio of the lower layer, the middle layer and the upper layer of the reactor is 1: 3: 1.5;
s2, transferring the sewage to be treated into a reactor, adding heterotrophic organism bacteria, activating biological strains by using raw water, and standing for 21 days to culture and propagate the heterotrophic organism bacteria; the putting amount of the biological strains is 2g per ton of sewage; the heterotrophic organism is thrown once every 5 years; the heterotrophic organism is rotifer;
s3, continuously feeding water into the sewage, and supplying oxygen to the supernatant by an aerator in each reactor, wherein the air supply of each reactor is 12m3When the free ammonia in the sewage is lower than 25mg/L, intermittent oxygen supply is adopted;
s4, during the above treatment process, the water temperature is kept at 30-40 ℃.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 1
A process for rapidly degrading high-concentration eutrophic sewage, which is basically the same as the process in the example 1, and has the following difference: the material filled in the middle layer of the reactor is replaced by active carbon.
Comparative example 2
A process for rapidly degrading high-concentration eutrophic sewage, which is basically the same as the process in the example 1, and has the following difference: in step S2, the sewage is treated without activated reproduction after heterotrophic bacteria are directly thrown in.
Comparative example 3
A process for rapidly degrading high-concentration eutrophic sewage, which is basically the same as the process in the example 1, and has the following difference: in step S3, a plug-flow water inlet method of lower inlet water and upper outlet water is not adopted, but a lower outlet water and upper inlet water inlet method is adopted, that is, a water pump is used to pump the lower layer water of the previous reactor to the upper layer of the next reactor.
The inventors have performed corresponding experimental analyses on the above examples and comparative examples, taking samples at the water inlet as samples before treatment and taking samples at the water outlet as samples after treatment (without performing the reflow treatment), and the specific results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the treatment of the sewage by the processes of the examples 1 and 2 can effectively reduce the contents of ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and COD in the sewage and effectively degrade the high-concentration eutrophic sewage. The data of comparative examples 1-3 show that the selected medium material, the method for activating and culturing biological bacteria by raw water and the water inlet mode of each reactor have great influence on the sewage treatment effect, and the method can achieve the purpose of rapidly and efficiently degrading the high-concentration eutrophic sewage and thoroughly solve the problem that the high-concentration organic wastewater cannot be treated by the mutual matching of the steps.
In addition, the process has the advantage of energy consumption saving, and the inventor makes a comparison test to find that the process energy consumption of the invention is saved by 90 percent compared with the traditional process, and the process has very obvious economic benefit. In addition, after the reactors are connected in series, the reactors are arranged in a sealed mode, the energy consumption is saved by 96 percent compared with the traditional process, and the sewage treatment cost is greatly reduced. The process of the invention is applied to the treatment of the biogas power generation wastewater of pig farm plants, the treated wastewater can be recycled, and the process can be used for washing pigsty and irrigation and can fully utilize resources.
Although the present invention has been described with respect to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A process for rapidly degrading high-concentration eutrophic sewage is characterized in that: after the reactors are installed in a multistage series connection or multistage parallel connection mode, sewage is treated; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, filling a medium material in the reactor, filling hollow bricks at the lower layer, filling one or more of coal cinder, volcanic rock and quartz sand at the middle layer, and not filling the upper layer;
s2, activating heterotrophic bacteria with raw water: transferring the sewage to be treated into a reactor, adding heterotrophic bacteria, stirring uniformly, activating, and standing for 14-21 days to propagate the heterotrophic bacteria; the feeding amount of the heterotrophic organism bacteria is 1-2g per ton of sewage; the heterotrophic organism is put in every 3-5 years;
s3, after the reactors are connected in series, sewage is continuously fed, the previous reactor and the next reactor are connected through a water pipe, one end of the water pipe is connected with the upper end of the previous reactor, the other end of the water pipe is connected with the lower end of the next reactor, a water pump is arranged on the water pipe, the water pump pumps the upper water of the previous reactor to the lower layer of the next reactor through the water pipe, and plug-flow type feed water is formed; the last stage reactor is connected with the first stage reactor through a return pipe, a return valve and a return water pump are installed on the return pipe, the last stage reactor is also provided with a water outlet, and when water discharged by the last stage reactor meets the water discharge standard, the water is directly discharged from the water outlet; when the water discharged by the last stage reactor does not meet the drainage standard, a reflux valve and a reflux water pump are opened, and the water is pumped back to the first stage reactor through a reflux pipe for retreatment; when the dissolved oxygen in the sewage is lower than 0.8mg/L, each reactor is used for supplying oxygen to the supernatant by an oxygen increasing machine, and the gas supply amount of each ton of sewage is 12m3More than h, when the free ammonia in the sewage is lower than 25mg/L, intermittent oxygen supply is adopted;
s4, during the above treatment, the water temperature is kept at 12-40 ℃.
2. The process for rapidly degrading high-concentration eutrophic water according to claim 1, wherein the eutrophic water is obtained by the following steps: in step S2, the heterotrophic bacteria include one or more of rotifer, facultative bacteria, and aerobic bacteria.
3. The process for rapidly degrading high-concentration eutrophic water according to claim 1, wherein the eutrophic water is obtained by the following steps: in step S3, the first reactor is supplied with 12m of gas3After each stage of reactor, the gas supply is increased by 0.5m3/h。
4. The process for rapidly degrading high-concentration eutrophic water according to claim 1, wherein the eutrophic water is obtained by the following steps: the ammonia nitrogen content of the sewage is more than 10000 mg/L; the total phosphorus is more than 2000 mg/L; COD is more than 20000 mg/L.
5. The process for rapidly degrading high-concentration eutrophic water according to claim 1, wherein the eutrophic water is obtained by the following steps: the reactor is sealed, and anaerobic bacteria and facultative bacteria are put in the sewage treatment process.
6. The process for rapidly degrading high-concentration eutrophic water according to claim 1, wherein the eutrophic water is obtained by the following steps: in the step S1, the middle layer of the reactor is filled with coal slag, volcanic rock and quartz sand which are uniformly mixed, wherein the mass ratio of the coal slag to the volcanic rock to the quartz sand is (1-2): 0.5-1: 1.
7. the process for the rapid degradation of high concentration eutrophic water according to claim 6, wherein: in step S1, the volume ratio of the lower layer, the middle layer, and the upper layer of the reactor is 1: 3-4: 1.5-2.
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