CN107334734B - 一种西罗莫司或其衍生物的眼用制剂 - Google Patents
一种西罗莫司或其衍生物的眼用制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107334734B CN107334734B CN201710557141.7A CN201710557141A CN107334734B CN 107334734 B CN107334734 B CN 107334734B CN 201710557141 A CN201710557141 A CN 201710557141A CN 107334734 B CN107334734 B CN 107334734B
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- sirolimus
- everolimus
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种西罗莫司或其衍生物的眼用制剂,包括以下重量百分比的原料:依维莫司或西罗莫司0.02~0.2%;溶剂0~3%;乳化剂和表面活性剂0~7%;渗透压调节剂0~8%;pH调节剂0~0.5%;抑菌剂0~5%;增稠剂0~2%;纯化水余量。其中,溶剂组分与乳化剂和表面活性剂组分不同时为零。本发明西罗莫司或其衍生物的眼用制剂制备简便,适于工业化生产,应用方便,具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药剂学中的药物眼用给药制剂领域,具体涉及一种西罗莫司或其衍生物的眼用制剂。
背景技术
90%的上市眼用药都被制成滴眼液,但脂溶性强的药物不易溶解在水基质中。如何增加药物溶解度克服眼球的生理屏障,探索高效的药物递送系统,从而提高药物生物利用度,是难溶性药物研究关注的热点与难点。近年随着纳米技术与高分子材料科学发展迅速,基于纳米技术及生物黏附材料的眼部药物递送系统发展迅速,如脂质体、树枝状共聚物、壳聚糖纳米粒、胶束、乳剂和纳米混悬等。在这些新型眼用药物递释系统中,胶束具有增加难溶性药物的溶解度从而提高眼部生物利用度、粒径小、保护包被在其中的药物分子、减轻不良反应并能主动靶向给药、良好的生物相容性、无免疫原性等诸多优点,同时胶束能够达到一定的缓控释效应,因此可以考虑作为用于眼部疾病长期治疗药物的有效递释系统。近期的一些研究也表明以胶束为递释系统的新型制剂在解决眼用的难溶性药物溶解性及提高生物利用度方面有着巨大的潜在价值。因此,胶束是非常有应用前景的眼用制剂递释系统。
对于眼科很多疾病,如角膜移植术后免疫排斥反应、增生性玻璃体视网膜病变、葡萄膜炎等均需在眼内达到一定的药物浓度方能起到治疗效果。依维莫司,又称40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素,属于新一代大环内酯类免疫抑制剂。与西罗莫司(又称雷帕霉素)比,40位的2-羟乙基取代使依维莫司更具亲水性和更好的药动学特性。虽然依维莫司与西罗莫司都显示出较好的药理活性,然而由于其水中溶解度低,25℃水中溶解度依维莫司为9.6μg/mL,西罗莫司仅为2.6μg/mL。加之其在肠壁和肝中被CYP3A4同功酶广泛代谢,且又是P-gp的底物导致其口服剂型生物利用度较低,临床常用口服制剂的平均生物利用度依维莫司仅为20%,西罗莫司为15%左右。此外,依维莫司与西罗莫司原料药价格都非常昂贵,医药费的高额支出将成为患者及其家庭的沉重负担。
另外,对于免疫抑制剂给药剂量应准确,依维莫司与西罗莫司的治疗窗较窄(依维莫司3-8ng/mL,西罗莫司为7-12ng/mL),但若通过口服制剂到达眼内有效药物浓度时,全身血药浓度高,易产生毒副反应。传统凝胶眼用给药虽然能够延长滞留,但存在不容易给药、给药剂量不准确及易糊眼等问题。眼用胶束或混悬或其原位凝胶剂能有利于克服以上问题,达到给药剂量准确、控释特性好、副作用小及病人舒适性与依从性好等优点。
目前,依维莫司在国内外上市的剂型仅有口服片剂,口服全身给药后不良反应严重,而其眼用剂型的研究却相对滞后,国内外未有上市制剂。依维莫司分子量较大,虽然溶解度比西罗莫司(雷帕霉素)高,但仍是低水溶性药物,易受到系统的外排作用,使其在眼表局部应用时的眼内吸收差。西罗莫司抑制免疫排斥反应效果比环孢霉素强50倍、比他克莫司强30倍,是一种疗效好、低毒、无肾毒性的新型免疫抑制剂,而依维莫司是在其基础上进一步改造后具有更好的疗效和水溶性的药物。虽然目前对依维莫司剂型研究较少,但是西罗莫司一直备受关注,国内外上市制剂有片剂、胶囊和口服液,但仅限于口服制剂,还有眼用混悬液处于临床研究阶段。另外,西罗莫司多种给药制剂的研究包括固体分散体、脂质体、胶束、纳米粒、可生物降解眼内插入剂等。这些研究为依维莫司剂型的开发提供良好的基础。近期的一些对其它难溶性药物的研究也表明以胶束为递释系统的新型制剂在解决眼用的难溶性药物溶解性及提高生物利用度方面有着巨大的潜在价值。因此,胶束是非常有应用前景的眼用制剂递释系统。而混悬液由于制备相对简单,也很适合眼用给药。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种西罗莫司或其衍生物的眼用制剂,采用胶束或其原位凝胶剂和混悬液或其原位凝胶剂的形式,所得眼用制剂无刺激性、方便给药并能较长时间维持较高房水药物浓度。
一种西罗莫司或其衍生物的眼用制剂,包括以下重量百分比的原料:
其中,溶剂组分与乳化剂和表面活性剂组分不同时为零。
作为优选,所述依维莫司或西罗莫司在眼用制剂中的重量百分比含量为0.05~0.1%。依维莫司与西罗莫司均为难溶性药物,依维莫司在水中的溶解度仅约为9μg/mL,西罗莫司约为2.5μg/mL。而作为免疫抑制剂,其用量也很低,因此浓度为1mg/mL左右较合适。
所述的渗透压调节剂为甘露醇、甘油和葡萄糖中的至少一种,渗透压调节剂在眼用制剂中的重量百分比含量0.01~8%。作为优选,所述的渗透压调节剂为甘露醇。
眼用制剂的pH一般在5.5~7.8,本发明眼用制剂未加pH调节剂时,pH为5.8左右,所以可以根据需要决定是否添加pH调节剂。如果要加入pH调节剂,本发明眼用制剂为载药胶束或混悬液形式时,可采用一般报道的由磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二钠组成的缓冲体系作为pH调节剂;为载药胶束原位凝胶剂或混悬液原位凝胶剂时,因为要采用结冷胶制成眼用原位凝胶,离子型的原位凝胶遇到钠、钾、镁、钙等离子会由液体转变成凝胶,所以要避免采用,本发明以氨基丁三醇作为pH调节剂为佳。
关于抑菌剂,常用的有季铵类、有机汞类、尼泊金类等,本发明中抑菌剂为苯扎氯铵、苯扎溴铵、硫柳汞、对羟基苯甲酸酯、山梨醇、苯乙醇和氯己定中的至少一种,作为优选,所述的抑菌剂为苯扎氯铵或硫柳汞,苯扎氯铵和硫柳汞毒副作用比较低,此外,可以通过提高包装水平做到少用或不用抑菌剂。
作为优选,所述的增稠剂选自甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素和羟丙基甲基纤维素中的至少一种;增稠剂在所述的眼用制剂中的重量百分含量为0.1~0.5%;
进一步优选,所述的增稠剂为羟丙基甲基纤维素,羟丙基甲基纤维素增稠性能稳定,最大用量FDA规定是2.25%,安全性好。
作为优选,所述的眼用制剂为载药胶束形式,包括以下重量百分比的原料:
形成胶束用到的原料为聚乙二醇40硬脂酸酯和聚山梨酯80,这两种材料最大用量FDA分别定为7%和4%,安全性好。
本发明通过将脂溶性依维莫司或西罗莫司载入胶束疏水核心提高溶解度,利用胶束的纳米小尺寸改善渗透性。作为优选,所述载药胶束的平均粒径为5~50nm,粒子尺寸小、粒子均一。
进一步优选,所述的眼用制剂为载药胶束原位凝胶剂,包括以下重量百分比的原料:
采用载药胶束原位凝胶剂,由于其具有较好的生物黏附性,能克服传统制剂会很快被眼泪冲刷而无法达到有效药物浓度的缺点;组织相容性好,使用方便,减少给药频率,提高患者顺应性;三维网状结构高度亲水,控制药物释放;理化性能特殊,在体外条件下呈流动液体状态,易于灌装,便于工业化生产;给药剂量准确,长期给药也不容易引起全身毒性和不良反应。
优选地,所述的眼用制剂为混悬液形式,包括以下重量百分比的原料:
由于依维莫司或西罗莫司不溶于水,所以制备时所用溶剂为丙二醇或乙醇,其中丙二醇在眼中的最大用量FDA规定为不超过5%,乙醇为不超过1.43%。
所述的混悬液中粒子的平均粒径为200~700nm,该粒径范围内依维莫司或西罗莫司的释放速率适中。
西罗莫司或其衍生物的混悬液的原位凝胶可以在药动学时表现出比混悬液更高更稳定的房水浓度,进一步优选,所述的眼用制剂为混悬液原位凝胶剂,包括以下重量百分比的原料:
结冷胶是一种线性的阴离子杂多糖,耐热、耐酸性能良好,对酶的稳定性亦高,作为原位凝胶剂基质用量低,一般0.6%以下即可,对眼刺激小;结冷胶为离子型原位凝胶,即在一价或多价阳离子存在时立即形成凝胶。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
采用聚乙二醇40硬脂酸酯和聚山梨酯80作为载体制备依维莫司或西罗莫司胶束;或者制备药物混悬液,制备方法简单,稳定性好、粒径小。
将胶束与混悬液进一步结合结冷胶制备眼用原位凝胶,能提高药物在眼内的浓度,提高药物的生物利用度。
附图说明:
图1为实施例1制备的依维莫司胶束的平均粒径分布图;
图2为实施例1制备的依维莫司胶束的Zeta电位分布图;
图3为依维莫司原料药、空白胶束和依维莫司胶束的红外对比图谱;
图4为依维莫司、依维莫司胶束、空白胶束、依维莫司与空白胶束的物理混合物的XRD扫描图谱;
图5为实施例2制备的依维莫司混悬液的平均粒径分布图;
图6为实施例2制备的依维莫司混悬液的Zeta电位分布图;
图7为依维莫司胶束和依维莫司混悬液的体外释放实验结果图(n=6);
图8为依维莫司胶束和依维莫司混悬液的离体兔巩膜渗透实验结果图(n=6);
图9为依维莫司胶束和依维莫司混悬液的兔眼房水内药动学曲线(n=5);
图10为依维莫司胶束原位凝胶和依维莫司混悬液原位凝胶的兔眼房水内药动学曲线(n=3);
图11为实施例5制备的西罗莫司胶束的粒径分布图;
图12为实施例5制备的西罗莫司胶束的Zeta电位图;
图13为西罗莫司原料药、空白胶束和西罗莫司胶束的红外对比图谱;
图14为西罗莫司、西罗莫司胶束、空白胶束、西罗莫司与空白胶束的物理混合物的XRD扫描图谱;
图15为实施例6制备的西罗莫司混悬液的平均粒径分布图;
图16为实施例6制备的西罗莫司混悬液的Zeta电位分布图;
图17为西罗莫司胶束和西罗莫司混悬液的体外释放实验结果图(n=6);
图18为西罗莫司胶束和西罗莫司混悬液的离体兔巩膜渗透实验结果图(n=6);
图19为西罗莫司胶束和西罗莫司混悬液的兔眼房水内药动学曲线(n=6);
图20西罗莫司胶束原位凝胶和西罗莫司混悬液原位凝胶的兔眼房水内药动学曲线(n=3)。
具体实施方式
实施例1
依维莫司胶束
由以下重量百分比的原料组成:
制备方法:改良的薄膜水化法制备,具体方法如下:首先按上述比例将依维莫司、聚乙二醇40硬脂酸酯溶解在乙醇中,旋蒸除去溶剂乙醇后聚合物在烧瓶内表面形成薄膜,加入含渗透压调节剂甘露醇、抑菌剂苯扎氯铵及聚山梨酯80的水化介质,振荡超声,在水合作用力的驱动下,水分子透过空隙渗透进入聚合物薄膜,形成胶束。
经检测,所得依维莫司胶束的pH值为7.1;渗透压为293mOsmol/kg。载药量为2%,包封率为93.0%。
取所得依维莫司胶束,加去离子水分散,用马尔文粒径电位仪测定粒径,结果如图1和图2所示。所得依维莫司胶束的平均粒径为12.88±0.75nm,多分散系数PDI为0.25±0.02,Zeta电位-5.32±0.92。形成的粒子皆正态分布。
图3为依维莫司原料药、空白胶束和依维莫司胶束的红外图谱,从图中可以看出,1645cm-1和1742cm-1依维莫司的特征官能团在依维莫司胶束中消失,说明依维莫司可能存在于胶束内核中,从而显示出空白胶束的属性。
图4为依维莫司、依维莫司胶束、空白胶束、依维莫司与空白胶束的物理混合物的XRD扫描图谱,从图中可以看出,依维莫司原料药为非晶态,依维莫司胶束和空白胶束图谱一致,说明依维莫司可能存在于胶束内核中,从而显示出空白胶束的特征衍射峰。
实施例2
依维莫司混悬液
由以下重量百分比的原料组成:
制备方法:先制备聚乙烯醇(PVA)溶液,称取1.4g低粘PVA,加纯化水至约100mL,80~85℃水浴搅拌溶解,放置一定时间溶胀,形成PVA溶液。然后称取依维莫司100mg,加丙二醇2g将依维莫司溶解。将上述依维莫司溶液滴加入PVA溶液中,不断搅拌。加入0.02g苯扎氯铵,最后将混悬液定量至100mL,超声10min。
经检测,所得依维莫司混悬液的pH值为5.7;渗透压为286mOsmol/kg。
取所得依维莫司混悬液适量,加去离子水分散,用马尔文粒径电位仪测定粒径,结果如图5和图6所示。混悬液平均粒径为546.03±10.15nm,多分散系数PDI为0.26±0.02,Zeta电位-7.52±0.47。形成的混悬液粒子呈正态分布。
体外释放实验:分别精密移取0.5mL实施例1制备的依维莫司胶束和实施例2制备的依维莫司混悬液于分子截留量为14000Da,直径为44mm的透析袋中,将透析袋口扎紧后置于西林瓶中。加入20mL 40%PEG的pH7.4PBS溶液作为扩散介质,并将西林瓶置于恒温摇床中,温度控制在34℃,震荡频率100rpm。每隔一定时间(2,4,6,8,10,24,48,72,96h),取样1mL,并及时补加等温等体积释放介质。样品经离心后,采用高效液相法测定药物含量。色谱柱:C18column(Diamonsil,4.6mm×150mm,5μm,Dikma公司):流动相:乙腈-水(体积比为86:14);流速:1.0mL/min;检测波长:277nm;柱温:60℃;进样量:20μL。结果如图7所示,其中,胶束指依维莫司浓度为1mg/mL的实施例1制备的依维莫司胶束溶液;混悬液指依维莫司浓度为1mg/mL的实施例2制备的依维莫司混悬液,实验重复次数n=6,由图7的检测结果可知,制备的胶束组释放96h释放率为46.24±3.03%,混悬液组48h释放率为86.15±4.28%。
离体兔巩膜渗透试验:将新西兰大白兔空气针处死后,及时取眼球,立即除去多余组织,仔细分离出巩膜。将新鲜离体巩膜固定于自制弧口Franz扩散池的供给池和接收池之间,在接受池中加入新鲜配制的40%PEG400的PBS溶液3mL,并将温度控制于34℃,磁子转速100r·min-1,然后在供给池中加入实施例1制备的依维莫司胶束或或实施例2制备的依维莫司混悬液80μL。加入后开始计时,每隔一定时间从接收池中取出100μL样品,同时补充等体积等温40%PEG400的pH7.4PBS溶液,样品经离心后,取上清液采用HPLC法测定药物浓度,
离体巩膜渗透研究中累积渗透率Q均可由下列公式(1)求算:
式中,Qn为累积释放率或累积渗透率(%),V为每次取样体积(mL),V0为接受池中溶液体积(mL),Cn为t时间测定的药物浓度(mg·mL-1),Ci为t时间前测定的浓度(mg·mL-1),mdrug表示试验前依维莫司总量(mg)。
结果如图8所示,结果表明,实施例1制备的依维莫司胶束在离体兔眼巩膜的渗透,96h累积渗透率为16.2±7.1%,累积渗透量为22.0±9.9μg/cm2;实施例2制备的依维莫司混悬液在离体兔眼巩膜的渗透,96h累积渗透率为46.5±12.7%,累积渗透量为63.0±17.9μg/cm2。
兔眼房水内药动学实验:
取重量在2.0~3.0kg的健康新西兰白兔作为实验动物。25%乌拉坦(1g/kg)麻醉,整个试实验过程中动物一直处于麻醉状态。先在眼部滴入1%托吡卡胺放大瞳孔,用开睑器撑开眼睑,将29G注射针从角膜的一端边缘穿过角膜插入,用医用粘合剂封闭穿针洞。针尾部连上8cm柔细的硅胶管(ID0.2mm*OD0.5mm),硅胶管用动脉夹夹闭,开启动脉夹会有房水缓慢流出。给予依维莫司混悬液或依维莫司胶束溶液(依维莫司的浓度为1mg/ml)80μl,在给药后的0.5、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10h收集房水约30μl,用高效液相-串联质谱测定药物浓度。
API4000三重四极杆质谱仪(美国应用生物系统(AB)公司,美国)液相条件:采用色谱柱XBridge C18(4.6×150mm,3.5μm):流动相:A:5mM甲酸铵+0.1%甲酸水;B:0.1%甲酸甲醇,等度洗脱程序:0min~4.50min:90%B;流速:0.6mL·min-1;进样量:20μL;柱温50℃。
质谱条件:大气压电喷雾离子源(ESI):正离子模式,多重反应选择离子监测(MRM);离子源参数:干燥气温度(Gas Temp):300℃;干燥气流速;(Gas Flow)5L/min;雾化气压力:(Nebulizer)45psi;鞘气温度:(Sheath Gas Temp)250℃;鞘气流速:(Sheath GasFlow)11L/min;毛细管电压:(Capillary)3500V;喷嘴电压:(Nozzle Voltage)500V。将测得的药物浓度进行对比分析。以Fr900520为内标。
质谱分析参数见表1。
表1化合物的MRM质谱分析参数
兔眼房水药动曲线如图9所示,采用DAS2.0软件进行药动学模拟分析。结果显示,依维莫司胶束给药后3h左右达到Cmax(6.0μg·L-1),AUC0-t为31.9μg·h·L-1。房水内浓度在2h后维持在3ng/ml左右。混悬液给药后5h左右达到Cmax(25.2μg·L-1),AUC0-t为94.4μg·h·L-1。房水内浓度在1h后维持在4.5ng/ml的浓度以上。结果表明,混悬液给药后房水内依维莫司浓度明显高于胶束给药。
实施例3
依维莫司胶束原位凝胶
由以下重量百分比的原料组成:
制备方法:改良的薄膜水化法制备。具体方法如下:首先按上述比例将依维莫司、聚乙二醇40硬脂酸酯溶解在一定量的乙醇中,旋蒸除去溶剂后聚合物在烧瓶内表面形成薄膜。另取羟丙甲纤维素、结冷胶加水在80~85℃水浴搅拌溶解,加渗透压调节剂甘露醇、抑菌剂苯扎溴铵及聚山梨酯80定容至100mL,成水化介质。将水化介质加入上述烧瓶中,振荡,在水合作用力的驱动下,水分子透过空隙渗透进入聚合物薄膜,形成胶束-原位凝胶复合载体。
经检测,所得依维莫司胶束原位凝胶的pH值为5.8;渗透压为313mOsmol/kg。胶束原位凝胶是在胶束的基础上制成的原位凝胶制剂。
实施例4
依维莫司混悬液原位凝胶
由以下重量百分比的原料组成:
制备方法:先制备聚乙烯醇(PVA)溶液,称取1g低粘PVA,0.4g结冷胶加水至约100mL,80~85℃水浴搅拌溶解,放置一定时间溶胀,形成PVA溶液。然后称取依维莫司100mg,加丙二醇2g将依维莫司溶解。将上述依维莫司溶液滴加入PVA溶液中,不断搅拌。加入0.01g苯扎溴铵,最后将混悬液定量至100mL,超声10min。
经检测,所得依维莫司混悬液原位凝胶的pH值为7.0;渗透压为291mOsmol/kg。
兔眼房水内药动学实验:具体步骤参照实施例2。
实施例3制备的依维莫司胶束原位凝胶和实施例4制备的依维莫司混悬液原位凝胶制剂在兔眼房水中药物浓度-时间曲线如图10所示,依维莫司混悬液原位凝胶的Cmax为128.4ng/ml,依维莫司胶束原位凝胶的Cmax为13.3ng/ml。由图可知依维莫司混悬液原位凝胶的房水内药物浓度要远大于依维莫司胶束原位凝胶,而且与前面非原位凝胶的滴眼液对比可知,原位凝胶的房水内药物浓度明显高于非原位凝胶。
实施例5
西罗莫司胶束
由以下重量百分比的原料组成:
制备方法:改良的薄膜水化法制备,具体方法如下:首先按上述比例将西罗莫司、聚乙二醇40硬脂酸酯溶解在一定量的乙醇中,旋蒸除去溶剂后聚合物在烧瓶内表面形成薄膜,加入含羧甲基纤维素钠、渗透压调节剂甘露醇、抑菌剂苯扎氯铵及聚山梨酯80的水化介质100ml,振荡超声,在水合作用力的驱动下,水分子透过空隙渗透进入聚合物薄膜,形成胶束。
经检测,所得西罗莫司胶束的pH值为7.1;渗透压为293mOsmol/kg。载药量为2%,包封率为96.6%。
西罗莫司胶束粒径分布结果如图11所示,Zeta电位图如图12所示,西罗莫司胶束平均粒径为12~13nm,粒径呈现单峰分布状态,多分散指数值PDI值为0.2~0.3,Zeta表面电荷平均值为-6~-7mv。
X射线衍射(XRD)分析:制备1mg·mL-1西罗莫司胶束溶液和空白胶束溶液,立刻放置在-20℃冷冻,待完全冻上后,进行冻干,得到白色疏松冻干粉末,即载西罗莫司胶束冻干粉和空白胶束冻干粉;另取适量西罗莫司原料药加入到空白胶束冻干粉末中,均匀混合粉末,即空白胶束和西罗莫司的物理混合冻干粉。取适量西罗莫司原料药粉、空白胶束冻干粉、西罗莫司胶束冻干粉及空白胶束和西罗莫司的物理混合冻干粉样品,进行XRD分析,扫描角度为4°≤2θ≤60°。如图13所示,可观察出西罗莫司原料药粉、空白胶束冻干粉、西罗莫司胶束冻干粉及空白胶束与西罗莫司的物理混合冻干粉(图中“西罗莫司+胶束混合物”)的XRD图谱特征。从XRD图可看出,西罗莫司原料药及其物理混合物XRD显示为药物的晶体,西罗莫司胶束与空白胶束图谱一样,不显示西罗莫司药物峰,进一步说明西罗莫司在胶束中以分子状态或者无定形状态存在。
傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR):取适量游离西罗莫司冻干粉、空白胶束冻干粉、西罗莫司胶束冻干粉样品。首先将冷冻干燥样品压成粉末,加入适量KBr,使其混合均匀,在红外灯下干燥,除去多余水分,再压成薄片,最后放置于红外光谱分析仪上测定样品的红外光谱。由如图14可看出,西罗莫司原料药在1719cm-1附近有nC=O的特征吸收峰,在空白胶束和西罗莫司胶束光谱中未出现,这表明西罗莫司被包裹在胶束中。空白胶束在1735cm-1和3287cm-1分别对应nC=O和nO-H的特征吸收峰,观察西罗莫司胶束的峰,不难发现,空白胶束和西罗莫司胶束特征峰高度一致,说明西罗莫司被包裹在胶束内,这种包裹行为能显著提高难溶性药物溶解度。
实施例6
西罗莫司混悬液
由以下重量百分比的原料组成:
制备方法:先制备聚乙烯醇(PVA)溶液,称取1.4g低粘PVA,加甘露醇,加水至约100mL,80~85℃水浴搅拌溶解,形成PVA溶液。然后称取西罗莫司100mg,加乙醇0.5g将西罗莫司溶解。将上述西罗莫司乙醇溶液滴加入PVA溶液中,不断搅拌。最后将混悬液定量至100mL,超声10min。
经检测,所得西罗莫司混悬液的pH值为7.2;渗透压为286mOsmol/kg。
取西罗莫司混悬液适量,加去离子水分散,用马尔文粒径电位仪测定粒径,结果如图15和图16所示。混悬液平均粒径为719.53±47.23nm,多分散系数PDI为0.23±0.04,Zeta电位-1.98±0.14。形成的混悬液粒子呈皆正态分布。
体外释放实验:具体过程参考实施例2。结果如图17所示,其中,胶束指浓度为1mg/mL的实施例5制备的西罗莫司胶束溶液;混悬液指浓度为1mg/mL的实施例6制备的西罗莫司混悬液,实验重复次数n=6,由图17的检测结果可知,胶束释放速度较混悬液缓慢,24h内仅有25.04%的SR被释放到介质中;而混悬液释放速率在24h内有69.75%,是胶束的2.8倍。但混悬液48h释放81.34%后,释放已处于平台期;胶束96h累积释放率仅有51.97%,但仍有持续释放的趋势。由此可见与SR混悬液相比,SR胶束具有明显的的缓释作用。
离体兔巩膜渗透试验:具体过程参考实施例2。结果如图18所示,西罗莫司混悬液和胶束48h累积渗透率分别为36.74%和10.98%,混悬液是胶束的3.5倍,混悬液巩膜渗透明显比胶束快。但混悬液72h后的渗透已处于平台期,药物基本不再渗透,96h总累积渗透率为44%。而SR胶束96h累积渗透率仅为17.6%,且药物仍在持续释放。离体巩膜渗透研究也表明,与西罗莫司混悬液比较,胶束有一定的缓释作用。
兔眼房水内药动学实验:具体过程参考实施例2。高效液相-串联质谱测定药物浓度的方法基本同实施例2,不同的是西罗莫司的质谱分析参数,见表2。
表2西罗莫司化合物的MRM质谱分析参数
结果如图19所示,采用DAS2.0软件进行药动学模拟分析。结果显示,西罗莫司胶束给药后3h左右达到Cmax(9.6μg·L-1),AUC0-t为51.6μg·h·L-1。西罗莫司胶束滴眼液房水内浓度在1h后到8h前能维持在4ng/ml的浓度以上;西罗莫司混悬液给药后5h左右达到Cmax(20.7μg·L-1),AUC0-t为129.5μg·h·L-1。房水内浓度在2h后维持在9ng/ml的浓度以上,混悬液给药后房水内西罗莫司浓度明显高于胶束给药。
实施例7
西罗莫司胶束原位凝胶
由以下重量百分比的原料组成:
制备方法:首先按上述比例将西罗莫司、聚乙二醇40硬脂酸酯溶解在一定量的乙醇中,旋蒸除去溶剂后聚合物在烧瓶内表面形成薄膜。另取羟丙甲纤维素、结冷胶加水在80~85℃水浴搅拌溶解,加渗透压调节剂甘露醇、抑菌剂苯扎溴铵及聚山梨酯80定容至100mL,成水化介质。将水化介质加入上述烧瓶中,振荡,在水合作用力的驱动下,水分子透过空隙渗透进入聚合物薄膜,形成胶束-原位凝胶复合载体。
经检测,所得西罗莫司胶束原位凝胶的pH值为7.1;渗透压为280mOsmol/kg。
实施例8
西罗莫司混悬液原位凝胶
由以下重量百分比的原料组成:
制备方法:先称取1g低粘PVA,结冷胶0.45g,加甘露醇,加水至约100mL,80~85℃水浴搅拌溶解,形成PVA与结冷胶溶液。然后称取西罗莫司100mg,加乙醇0.5g将西罗莫司溶解。将上述西罗莫司乙醇溶液滴加入PVA与结冷胶的溶液中,不断搅拌。加入山梨醇,最后定量至100mL,超声10min。
经检测,所得西罗莫司混悬液原位凝胶的pH值为5.5;渗透压为293mOsmol/kg。
兔眼房水内药动学实验:具体步骤参照实施例2
实施例7制备的西罗莫司胶束原位凝胶和实施例8制备的西罗莫司混悬液原位凝胶制剂在兔眼房水中药物浓度-时间曲线如图20所示,西罗莫司混悬液原位凝胶的Cmax为109.4ng/ml,西罗莫司胶束原位凝胶的Cmax为27.4ng/ml。由图可知西罗莫司混悬液原位凝胶的房水内药物浓度要大于西罗莫司胶束原位凝胶,而且与前面非原位凝胶的对比可知,原位凝胶房水内的药物浓度明显高于非原位凝胶。
对比例
采用维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯和辛苯聚醇-40等制备时,相比聚乙二醇40硬脂酸酯和聚山梨酯80组合,粒径偏大,分布宽,制备时成膜性较差。而且FDA对维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯使用限度的规定是0.5%,辛苯聚醇-40是0.05%(甚至要求滴眼液最好低于0.01%),用量低,安全性比本发明所选用的要低。所以本发明选择了聚乙二醇40硬脂酸酯和聚山梨酯80来制备胶束。
本发明通过以上描述和实施例进行说明,以上描述为非限制性的,并不限制本发明的权利要求范围。
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