CN107325765A - 三聚氰胺‑甲醛‑尿素胶黏剂的喷雾干燥制备方法及木质复合材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

三聚氰胺‑甲醛‑尿素胶黏剂的喷雾干燥制备方法及木质复合材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107325765A
CN107325765A CN201710553435.2A CN201710553435A CN107325765A CN 107325765 A CN107325765 A CN 107325765A CN 201710553435 A CN201710553435 A CN 201710553435A CN 107325765 A CN107325765 A CN 107325765A
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崔举庆
崔建新
韩书广
屠幼峰
兰平
贾翀
李延军
卢晓宁
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Nanjing Haike Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种三聚氰胺‑甲醛‑尿素胶黏剂的喷雾干燥制备方法,其步骤包括:A、三聚氰胺‑甲醛‑尿素液体胶黏剂的制备:采用碱酸碱工艺制备三聚氰胺‑甲醛‑尿素共缩聚液体胶黏剂,其中三聚氰胺的含量为1‑6%wt;B、稀释:将制得的三聚氰胺‑甲醛‑尿素液体胶黏剂加高于浊点温度的热水稀释;C、喷雾干燥:将稀释后的料液加入到喷雾干燥器,喷雾干燥成粉状固体。还公开了一种木质复合材料的制备方法。本发明利用喷雾干燥技术将储存期短的液体三聚氰胺‑甲醛‑尿素胶黏剂转变为粉状固体,使用密闭塑料袋包装后,贮存期长达8个月以上,运输和使用方便,还降低了甲醛释放量,同时便于木质复合材料制造工艺的规范化和产品的性能控制。

Description

三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素胶黏剂的喷雾干燥制备方法及木质复合 材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素胶黏剂的喷雾干燥制备方法及木质复合材料的制备方法,属于胶黏剂领域。
背景技术
目前,人造板工业用胶粘剂中,甲醛基胶粘剂仍占据着市场主要份额,这主要源于此类胶粘剂优异的物理力学性能和低廉的价格。“三醛”胶粘剂主要指脲醛树脂(UF)胶粘剂、酚醛树脂(PF)胶粘剂以及三聚氰胺甲醛树脂(MF)胶粘剂。但室内人造板主要应用的脲醛树脂,存在耐水性和甲醛释放量过高等不足。三聚氰胺改性脲醛树脂是将三聚氰胺加入到脲醛树脂中进行共聚改性后的胶黏剂,其不仅能改善脲醛树胶合木制品的耐水性,同时也能降低了甲醛释放量,已成为目前人造板工业中广泛应用的胶黏剂。
喷雾干燥是一种悬浮粒子加工技术,利用雾化器将料液雾化成为细小的雾滴,并在热干燥介质中迅速蒸发溶剂形成干粉产品的过程。喷雾干燥一般包括四个阶段: 料液的雾化阶段,雾化后液滴与热干燥介质的接触混合,物料的干燥阶段,干燥产物与干燥介质分离阶段。喷雾干燥主要设备包括:料浆供应系统,雾化器,干燥塔,废气排放和除尘系统,;卸料及粉料输送系统。喷雾干燥具有干燥速度快、时间短,原料受热破坏程度较低,干燥后产品经连续排料,在后处理上结合冷凝器和气力输送,可组成连续生产作业线,适于工业化生产,设备投资费用适中的特点。
液体三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素胶黏剂贮存期一般只有几天,而且三聚氰胺含量越高贮存期越短,不易进行长时间存放和长距离运输,严重影响了木质复合材料制造生产工艺的规范化和产品的性能控制。液体胶黏剂经喷雾干燥制成粉状固态产品后,性质更加稳定,能够长期存放且不占存储空间,方便储存和运输。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素胶黏剂的喷雾干燥制备方法。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:一种三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素胶黏剂的喷雾干燥制备方法,其步骤包括:
A、三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素液体胶黏剂的制备:采用碱酸碱工艺制备三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素共缩聚液体胶黏剂,冷却到胶黏剂浊点5-10度,其中三聚氰胺的含量为1-6%wt;
B、稀释:将制得的三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素液体胶黏剂加入温度在浊点以上的热水进行稀释;
C、喷雾干燥:将稀释后的料液加入到喷雾干燥器,喷雾干燥成粉状固体,控制好喷雾温度和压力,产率能达到85%以上。
优选的,步骤B中稀释至固含量20~35%。
优选的,步骤C中干燥温度为230-280℃,喷雾压力0.3-0.8Mpa。
优选的,步骤C中干燥温度为250-270℃,喷雾压力0.4-0.6Mpa。
本发明还公开了一种木质复合材料的制备方法,其步骤包括:
(1) 稀释:将粉状固体状态的三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素液体胶黏剂稀释至固含量45-65%;
(2)干燥:单板和刨花干燥至含水率低于8%;
(3) 施胶:在单板或刨花上施加步骤(1)配制的液体胶黏剂,组坯,预压;
(4)热压:将板坯送入压机进行热压,得到胶合板或刨花板。
本发明还公开了一种木质纤维复合材料的制备方法,其步骤包括:
(1) 稀释:将粉状固体状态的三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素液体胶黏剂稀释至固含量45-65%;
(2) 施胶:在纤维浆料中施加步骤(1)配制的液体胶黏剂;
(3)干燥:预压后的纤维板干燥至含水率达5%以下;
(4)热压:组坯,预压,然后将板坯送入压机进行热压,得到纤维板。
本发明利用喷雾干燥技术将储存期短的液体三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素胶黏剂转变为粉状固体,使用密闭塑料袋包装后,贮存期长达8个月以上,运输和使用方便,还降低了甲醛释放量,同时便于木质复合材料制造工艺的规范化和产品的性能控制。
具体实施方式
喷雾干燥三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素胶黏剂方法,其包括三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素液体胶黏剂的制备和喷雾干燥方面,其中三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素中三聚氰胺的含量为1-6%(重量比)。利用喷雾干燥的粉状固体三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素胶黏剂配制液体胶黏剂制造胶合板、刨花板和纤维板等木质复合材料。为了更好地理解本发明,下面用具体实例来详细说明本发明的技术方案,但是本发明并不局限于此。
实施例1
采用碱酸碱工艺制备三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素共缩聚胶黏剂,三聚氰胺含量为3%(重量比), 尿素份三次加入(甲醛与尿素为2.0,1.5,1.1),甲醛与尿素终摩尔比为1.1。具体为甲醛与第1 次添加的尿素和三聚氰胺一起加入反应釜,在弱碱性90 ℃下保温一段时间, 调节pH至弱酸性条件下反应一段时间,加入第2次添加的尿素, 至反应终点后调至弱碱性,再加入第3 次尿素,终点粘度控制在65 mPa﹒s左右,冷却降温至70℃,加70℃以上热水稀释至固含量30%。将料液加入到喷雾干燥器,控制热空气入口温度为270℃和喷雾压力为0.3Mpa,收集固体粉状,密闭塑料袋包装,贮存期长达12个月以上。使用前,将粉状固体胶黏剂加水稀释至固含量为50%左右,加入1%氯化铵或硫酸铵为固化剂调胶,然后将单板干燥至含水率低于8%,单面涂胶量125 g/m2,陈化15min左右,组坯,热压温度为120 ℃,热压时间为1.2min/mm,热压压力为1.0-1.2MPa。胶合板胶合强度达0.75 MPa,甲醛释放量0.9mg/L.
实施例2
采用碱酸碱工艺制备三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素共缩聚胶黏剂,三聚氰胺含量为5%(重量比), 尿素份三次加入(甲醛与尿素为2.0,1.5,1.2),甲醛与尿素终摩尔比为1.2,终点粘度控制在55 mPa﹒s左右,冷却降温至80℃,加80℃热水稀释至固含量25%。将料液加入到喷雾干燥器,控制热空气入口温度为260℃和喷雾压力为0.5Mpa,收集固体粉状,密闭塑料袋包装,贮存期长达12个月以上。使用前,将粉状固体胶黏剂加水稀释至固含量为55%左右,加入1%氯化铵或硫酸铵为固化剂调胶均匀,然后将单板干燥至含水率低于8%,单面涂胶量130g/m2,陈化15min左右,组坯,热压温度为120 ℃,热压时间为1.2min/mm,热压压力为1.0-1.2MPa。胶合板胶合强度达0.88MPa,甲醛释放量0.6mg/L.
实施例3
采用碱酸碱工艺制备三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素共缩聚胶黏剂,三聚氰胺含量为5%(重量比), 尿素份三次加入(甲醛与尿素为2.0,1.5,1.05),甲醛与尿素终摩尔比为1.05,终点粘度控制在40 mPa﹒s左右,冷却降温至65℃,加65℃热水稀释至固含量32%。将料液加入到喷雾干燥器,控制热空气入口温度为230℃和喷雾压力为0.8Mpa,收集固体粉状,密闭塑料袋包装,贮存期长达12个月以上。使用前,将粉状固体胶黏剂加水稀释至固含量为52%左右,加入1%氯化铵或硫酸铵为固化剂调胶均匀,然后将单板干燥至含水率低于8%,单面涂胶量140g/m2,陈化15min左右,组坯,热压温度为120 ℃,热压时间为1.2min/mm,热压压力为1.0-1.2MPa。胶合板胶合强度达0.96 MPa,甲醛释放量0.7mg/L.
实施例4
采用碱酸碱工艺制备三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素共缩聚胶黏剂,三聚氰胺含量为5%(重量比), 尿素份三次加入(甲醛与尿素为2.0,1.5,1.1),甲醛与尿素终摩尔比为1.1,终点粘度控制在30 mPa﹒s左右,冷却降温至65℃,加65℃热水稀释至固含量28%。将料液加入到喷雾干燥器,控制热空气入口温度为280℃和喷雾压力为0.4Mpa,收集固体粉状,密闭塑料袋包装,贮存期长达12个月以上。使用前,将粉状固体胶黏剂加水稀释至固含量为60%左右,加入1%氯化铵或硫酸铵为固化剂调胶均匀,然后将刨花干燥至含水率低于6%,施胶量为刨花的10%wt,组坯,密度为700kg/m3,热压温度为180 ℃,热压时间为1.1min/mm,热压压力为3MPa。内合强度达到0.72MPa,静曲强度14.2 MPa,弹性模量2100 MPa,甲醛释放量8mg/100g。
实施例5
采用碱酸碱工艺制备三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素共缩聚胶黏剂,三聚氰胺含量为4%(重量比), 尿素份三次加入(甲醛与尿素为2.0,1.5,1.1),甲醛与尿素终摩尔比为1.1,终点粘度控制在20 mPa﹒s左右,冷却降温至65℃,加65℃热水稀释至固含量24%。将料液加入到喷雾干燥器,控制热空气入口温度为260℃和喷雾压力为0.6Mpa,收集固体粉状,密闭塑料袋包装,贮存期长达12个月以上。使用前,将粉状固体胶黏剂加水稀释至固含量为60%左右,加入1%氯化铵或硫酸铵为固化剂和1%石蜡防水剂等调胶均匀,施加到磨好的纤维浆料中,干燥至目标含水率4%,施胶量为纤维的10%,组坯,密度为760kg/m3,热压温度为180 ℃,热压时间为1.1min/mm,热压压力为3MPa。内合强度达到0.85 MPa,静曲强度13.7 MPa,弹性模量2800 MPa,甲醛释放量7mg/100g。

Claims (6)

1.一种三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素胶黏剂的喷雾干燥制备方法,其步骤包括:
A、三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素液体胶黏剂的制备:采用碱酸碱工艺制备三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素共缩聚液体胶黏剂,冷却到胶黏剂浊点以上5-10度,其中三聚氰胺的含量为1-6%wt;
B、稀释:将制得的三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素液体胶黏剂加入温度在浊点以上的热水进行稀释;
C、喷雾干燥:将稀释后的料液加入到喷雾干燥器,喷雾干燥成粉状固体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素胶黏剂的喷雾干燥制备方法,其特征在于:步骤B中稀释至固含量20~35%。
3.权利要求1或2所述的三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素胶黏剂的喷雾干燥制备方法,其特征在于:步骤C中喷雾温度为230-280℃,喷雾压力0.3-0.8Mpa。
4.根据权利要求3所述的三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素胶黏剂的喷雾干燥制备方法,其特征在于:步骤C中喷雾温度为250-270℃,喷雾压力0.4-0.6Mpa。
5.一种木质复合材料的制备方法,其步骤包括:
(1) 稀释:将粉状固体状态的三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素液体胶黏剂稀释至固含量45-65%;
(2)干燥:单板和刨花干燥至含水率低于8%;
(3) 施胶:在单板或刨花上施加步骤(1)配制的液体胶黏剂,组坯,预压;
(4)热压:将板坯送入压机进行热压,得到胶合板或刨花板。
6.一种木质纤维复合材料的制备方法,其步骤包括:
1) 稀释:将粉状固体状态的三聚氰胺-甲醛-尿素液体胶黏剂稀释至固含量45-65%;
2) 施胶:在纤维浆料中施加步骤(1)配制的液体胶黏剂;
3)干燥:预压后的纤维板干燥至含水率达5%以下;
4)热压:组坯,预压,然后将板坯送入压机进行热压,得到纤维板。
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CN108913070A (zh) * 2018-05-21 2018-11-30 南京林业大学 热固性水溶性三聚氰胺甲醛树脂纳米粉体胶黏剂的制备方法及其应用方法
CN108943307A (zh) * 2018-07-04 2018-12-07 西南林业大学 生物质刨花板及其制备方法

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CN108656303A (zh) * 2018-05-21 2018-10-16 南京林业大学 热固性水溶性酚醛树脂纳米粉体胶黏剂的制备方法及其应用方法
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CN108656303B (zh) * 2018-05-21 2020-07-31 南京林业大学 热固性水溶性酚醛树脂纳米粉体胶黏剂的制备方法及其应用方法
CN108865025B (zh) * 2018-05-21 2020-09-08 南京林业大学 热固性水溶性尿素-三聚氰胺-甲醛三元共聚树脂纳米粉体胶黏剂的制备方法及其应用方法
CN108913070B (zh) * 2018-05-21 2020-11-06 南京林业大学 热固性水溶性三聚氰胺甲醛树脂纳米粉体胶黏剂的制备方法及其应用方法
CN108943307A (zh) * 2018-07-04 2018-12-07 西南林业大学 生物质刨花板及其制备方法

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