CN107321773B

CN107321773B - Household garbage pre-sorting machine

Info

Publication number: CN107321773B
Application number: CN201710759869.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杜贻印; 杨延攀
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2017-08-30
Filing date: 2017-08-30
Publication date: 2022-10-25
Anticipated expiration: 2037-08-30
Also published as: CN107321773A

Abstract

The household garbage pre-sorting machine comprises a support and a separating structure, and is characterized in that the support is of a frame structure, and the separating structure is arranged on the support; the separation structure comprises a crushing part, a roller knife part and a layering part; after the mixed garbage is thrown into the invention, the hard garbage and the soft garbage are processed into a preset size through the crushing part and the roller knife part, and after falling onto a conveying belt conveying mechanism of the layering part, the mixed garbage is poked by poking teeth of the spreading roller, stones and iron blocks with high density and heavy weight sink to the lower part, and cloth, fabric and plastic paper with low quality and low density float to the upper layer, so that the soft light garbage of the cloth, the fabric and the plastic paper is conveniently separated from the hard heavy garbage of the stones, the iron blocks and the like; the layering efficiency is ensured, and the accuracy of separation is improved; the invention adopts tower layout, thereby being more energy-saving and more beneficial to dust collection.

Description

Domestic garbage pre-sorting machine

The technical field is as follows:

the invention relates to the technical field of household garbage classification equipment, in particular to a household garbage pre-sorting machine.

Background art:

for years, the domestic garbage collection and classification conditions in China have never had strict control standards. Therefore, a large amount of recyclable resources in the household garbage are wasted in vain, and meanwhile, the urban and rural natural environment is polluted badly, which is dirty, messy and smelly and difficult to control. The generation amount of household garbage also becomes a non-negligible problem in the world, and the traditional method is landfill and incineration, so that secondary pollution is easy to generate; but the classification treatment has great technical difficulty, and the biggest difficulty is to separate the household garbage mixed together according to categories. At present, the household garbage is not strictly classified, and can be firstly classified and then treated only by machinery or manpower when being transported to a garbage treatment plant, and the manual treatment is dirty and tired, so that the harm to the health of workers is large; the biggest problem in mechanical treatment is that all kinds of garbage are mixed together, wherein the garbage comprises hard materials such as stones and iron blocks and soft materials such as cloth, fabrics and plastic paper, the prior art basically comprises the steps of firstly grabbing a certain amount of garbage, placing the garbage on a screen, classifying the garbage through vibration, wind blowing and magnetic separation, grabbing a certain amount of garbage and placing the garbage after a batch of garbage is treated, and the mode of directly sieving without pretreatment has limited amount of garbage which can be sieved, large garbage cannot be automatically separated, and a large amount of manpower is still needed for auxiliary sieving; the biggest defect is that the treatment speed is full, and the treatment capacity of a conventional treatment line is about dozens of tons in one day.

The soft garbage and the hard garbage are mixed, and particularly, the cloth garbage and the fabric garbage contain a large amount of water, so that the existing crushing mode cannot be suitable; when the hard garbage is crushed, the hard garbage can damage the cutter, the hard garbage is often wrapped in cloth, fabrics or plastic paper garbage, and when the hard garbage is crushed, the cloth and the fabrics garbage containing water are often extruded into a very compact lump, so that the hard garbage cannot be crushed, and the subsequent separation of the soft garbage cannot be carried out; meanwhile, in the prior art, when hard garbage is treated, the existence of iron blocks in the garbage also poses a great threat to equipment, and the damage of an extrusion surface or tooth breakage is easily caused, so that the equipment is damaged. If the application number is: 201210340673.2, with the name: the application document of the household garbage disposer describes that the roller cutter shafts are respectively provided with saw-toothed blades to shred garbage, which can often break teeth due to the existence of large iron blocks.

The invention content is as follows:

in order to solve the problems and overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the household garbage pre-sorting machine which can effectively and quickly process hard and soft garbage and can safely and quickly process the hard and soft garbage.

In order to achieve the purpose, the household garbage pre-extension machine provided by the invention comprises a support and a separation structure, wherein the support is of a frame structure, and the separation structure is arranged on the support; the separation structure comprises a crushing part, a roller knife part and a layering part; the crushing part comprises two roll shafts which rotate in opposite directions, two ends of each roll shaft are arranged at the upper part of the bracket in a rotating connection mode through bearings, and crushing teeth are arranged on the outer surface of the circumference of each roll shaft; the upper part of the gap between the two roll shafts is provided with a plectrum and a slide bar, the two side edges of the plectrum are tangent with the tooth crest of the crushing tooth, the slide bar is parallel to the central axis of the roll shafts, the two ends of the slide bar are respectively connected with a bracket, the plectrum is connected with the slide bar in a sliding way, and the plectrum is also connected with a traction rope which can drive the plectrum to slide back and forth along the slide bar; the roller cutter part is arranged at the lower part of the crushing part and comprises two roller cutter shafts rotating around the same hour hand, two ends of each roller cutter shaft are arranged in the middle of the support in a rotating connection mode through bearings, and a preset number of roller cutter heads are arranged on the outer wall of each roller cutter shaft at equal intervals along the central axis direction of the roller cutter shaft; the layered part is arranged below the roller knife part, and an auxiliary blanking device is arranged between the layered part and the roller knife part; the layering part comprises a horizontally arranged conveying belt conveying mechanism and a uniformly-rotating spreading roller arranged above the conveying belt conveying mechanism and comprising a rotating shaft and a preset number of shifting teeth arranged on the wall of the rotating shaft; and the bracket is also provided with a motor for providing power for the separation structure.

Furthermore, the included angle between the central axis of the cross section of the crushing tooth and the central axis of the cross section of the roll shaft passing through the midpoint of the bottom of the cross section of the crushing tooth is alpha, and the alpha is 16-22 degrees.

Further, a material transition plate is arranged between the roller knife part and the crushing part and used for assisting the garbage of the crushing part to fall on the roller knife part.

Furthermore, the roller cutter head is an annular structure formed by connecting two semicircular rings with gradually changed cross sections end to end, and the blades are spaced by 180 degrees; the included angle between the cutting edge and the diameter of the annular structure is 60-90 degrees; the connecting line between the two blades of the same roller cutter head on one roller cutter shaft is vertical to the connecting line between the two blades of the same roller cutter head on the other roller cutter shaft.

Furthermore, the distance between two adjacent roller cutter heads is equal to the width of the roller cutter heads, and the roller cutter heads on the two roller cutter shafts are arranged in a staggered mode.

Furthermore, the auxiliary blanking device comprises a hopper and a blanking roller rotating at a constant speed, an upper opening of the hopper is communicated with the roller cutter part, a lower opening of the hopper is communicated with the blanking roller, and the blanking speed from the roller cutter part to the part layer part is controlled by controlling the rotating speed of the blanking roller.

Furthermore, the upper part of the tail end of the conveyor belt conveying mechanism is also provided with a feeding box for providing materials for a subsequent process.

Furthermore, one of the two roll shafts is arranged to be capable of sliding horizontally relative to the bracket, and a spring mechanism for adjusting the horizontal position of the roll shaft is connected with the roll shaft capable of sliding horizontally relative to the bracket.

Furthermore, the roller shaft and the blanking roller of the crushing part are respectively connected with a first motor, a second motor and a third motor through chains.

Furthermore, a protective cover is arranged outside the support, and a dust removing device is arranged on the upper portion of the protective cover.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: after the mixed garbage is thrown into the invention, the hard garbage and the soft garbage are processed into a preset size through the crushing part and the roller knife part, after falling onto the conveying belt conveying mechanism of the layering part, the hard garbage and the soft garbage are poked by the poking teeth of the even roller, the stones and iron blocks with high density and heavy weight sink to the lower part, and the cloth, fabric and plastic paper with low mass and low density float to the upper layer, so that the soft light garbage, such as the cloth, the fabric and the plastic paper, can be conveniently separated from the hard heavy garbage, such as the stones and the iron blocks; when the crushing part is used for treating the stone blocks and iron blocks, through the special design of the angle of the crushing teeth, the teeth breakage can be avoided while the stone blocks are crushed; the angle alpha of the crushing teeth is within 16-22 degrees, the iron block can slide upwards between the two rollers through the lifting and extrusion of the crushing teeth, the occurrence of tooth breakage caused by the fact that the crushing teeth are hard to touch and touch downwards cannot occur, when the angle alpha is less than 16 degrees, the crushing teeth are easy to generate hard touch and extrusion with the iron block to jump and jump the teeth, when the angle alpha is more than 22 degrees, the iron block is easy to press the crushing teeth to be hard to touch and touch between the two rollers, the iron block is not easy to slide upwards, and the two rollers and the crushing teeth are damaged; when the iron blocks are stirred by the crushing teeth and extruded to slide upwards, the postures of the iron blocks can be continuously adjusted, if small iron blocks fall down from between the two rollers through posture adjustment, if large iron blocks are left in the crushing part, feeding can be stopped firstly, and after other garbage falls down, the rollers are paused to rotate and then are pulled down through the shifting pieces; the large iron blocks are less in content in the household garbage, and meanwhile, due to the arrangement of the blanking roller, the part of the roller shaft which is shut down for a short time can work normally, so that the daily treatment capacity cannot be influenced; the reinforcing steel bars and the like can smoothly slide off between the two rollers; the included angle of the cutting edges of the roller cutter heads on the two roller cutter shafts is 90 degrees, the arrangement is that the cutting edge on one side opens the tough garbage such as the tourbillon cloth and fabrics, the cutting edge on the other side hooks the unfolded part after rotating for 90 degrees, the cutting edges on the two sides are pulled to process the tough garbage into a size convenient for the next process, if the included angle of the cutting edges of the roller cutter heads on the two roller cutter shafts is 180 degrees, because the tough garbage in the mixed garbage is tourbillon, the edges are easily pulled by the cutting edges on the two sides at the same time, so that the humanoid garbage is wound on the roller cutter shaft on one side, and the processing efficiency is reduced; the shape of the cutting edge is suitable for clamping columnar garbage such as reinforcing steel bars and the like, and the columnar garbage is cut off through the shearing force generated by the matching of the cutting edge and the other roller cutter shaft; the blanking roller is arranged to rotate at a constant speed, the blanking speed from the roller cutter part to the layering part is controlled by controlling the rotating speed of the blanking roller, the quantity of garbage falling on the conveying mechanism of the conveying belt is always the optimal workload of the even spreading roller, the layering efficiency is ensured, the accuracy of separation is improved, continuous production can be realized, intermittent quantitative feeding is not needed, and the single-day treatment capacity is more than 600 tons; the invention adopts tower layout, is more energy-saving, is more beneficial to dust collection and is environment-friendly.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of one aspect of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view from another perspective of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a roll shaft according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the roll shaft of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a roller blade according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the doctor portion of the invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the paddle of the present invention;

in the drawings: 1. the device comprises a first motor, 2, a crushing part, 3, a second motor, 4, a material transition plate, 5, a roller cutter part, 6, a hopper, 7, a spring mechanism, 8, a blanking roller, 9, a uniform roller, 10, a feeding box, 11, a conveying belt conveying mechanism, 12, a third motor, 13, a shield, 14, dust removing equipment, 15, a roller shaft, 16, crushing teeth, 17, a roller cutter shaft, 18, a roller cutter head, 19, a sliding rod, 20 and a traction rope.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

in order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the description indicating the orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "connected" or "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case to those of ordinary skill in the art.

In the attached figures 1 to 7, the household garbage pre-extension machine comprises a support and a separation structure, wherein the support is of a frame structure, and the separation structure is arranged on the support; the separation structure comprises a crushing part 2, a roller knife part 5 and a layering part; the crushing part 2 comprises two roll shafts 15 which rotate oppositely, two ends of each roll shaft 15 are arranged at the upper part of the bracket in a rotating connection mode through bearings, and crushing teeth 16 are arranged on the outer circumferential surface of each roll shaft 15; a shifting piece and a sliding rod 19 are arranged at the upper part of the gap between the two roll shafts 15, two side edges of the shifting piece are tangent to tooth crests of the crushing teeth 16, the sliding rod 19 is parallel to the central axis of the roll shafts 15, two ends of the sliding rod 19 are respectively connected with the support, the shifting piece is connected with the sliding rod 19 in a sliding manner, and the shifting piece is also connected with a traction rope 20 capable of driving the shifting piece to slide back and forth along the sliding rod 19; the roller cutter part 5 is arranged at the lower part of the crushing part 2, the roller cutter part 5 comprises two roller cutter shafts 17 rotating around the same hour, two ends of each roller cutter shaft 17 are arranged at the middle part of the bracket in a rotating connection mode through bearings, and the outer walls of the roller cutter shafts 17 are provided with a preset number of roller cutter heads 18 at equal intervals along the central axis direction of the roller cutter shafts 17; the layered part is arranged below the roller knife part 5, and an auxiliary blanking device is also arranged between the layered part and the roller knife part 5; the layering part comprises a horizontally arranged conveyor belt conveying mechanism 11 and a uniformly-rotating spreading roller 9 arranged above the conveyor belt conveying mechanism 11 and rotating at a constant speed, wherein the spreading roller 9 comprises a rotating shaft and a preset number of shifting teeth arranged on the wall of the rotating shaft; and the bracket is also provided with a motor for providing power for the separation structure.

The angle between the central axis of the cross section of the crushing tooth 16 and the central axis of the cross section of the roll shaft 15 passing through the midpoint of the bottom of the cross section of the crushing tooth 16 is alpha, and the alpha is 16-22 degrees, preferably 18-20 degrees, and more preferably 20 degrees.

A material transition plate 4 is arranged between the roller knife part 5 and the crushing part 2, and the material transition plate is used for assisting the garbage of the crushing part 2 to fall on the roller knife part 5.

The roller cutter head 18 is an annular structure formed by connecting semicircular rings with gradually changed cross sections end to end, and the cutting edges are spaced by 180 degrees; the included angle between the blade and the diameter of the annular structure is 60-90 degrees; the connecting line between two blades of the same roller cutter head 18 on one roller cutter shaft 17 is vertical to the connecting line between two blades of the same roller cutter head 18 on the other roller cutter shaft 17.

The distance between two adjacent roller cutter heads 18 is equal to the width of the roller cutter heads 18, and the roller cutter heads 18 on the two roller cutter shafts 17 are arranged in a staggered mode.

The auxiliary blanking device comprises a hopper 6 and a blanking roller 8 rotating at a constant speed, an upper opening of the hopper 6 is communicated with the roller knife part 5, a lower opening of the hopper 6 is communicated with the blanking roller 8, and the blanking speed from the roller knife part 5 to the layered part is controlled by controlling the rotating speed of the blanking roller 8.

The upper part of the tail end of the conveyor belt conveying mechanism 11 is also provided with a supply box 10 for supplying materials for the subsequent process.

One of the two roller shafts 15 is provided to be capable of sliding horizontally relative to the bracket, and a spring mechanism 7 for adjusting the horizontal position thereof is connected to the roller shaft 15 capable of sliding horizontally relative to the bracket.

The roller, the roller knife shaft 17 and the blanking roller 8 of the crushing part 2 are respectively connected with a first motor 1, a second motor 3 and a third motor 12 through chains.

A shield 13 is arranged outside the support, and a dust removing device 14 is arranged at the upper part of the shield 13.

Specifically, after the mixed garbage is thrown into the garbage separating machine, the hard garbage and the soft garbage are treated into a preset size through the crushing part 2 and the roller cutter part 5, and after falling onto the conveying belt conveying mechanism 11 of the layering part, the hard garbage and the soft garbage are treated through the poking teeth of the even spreading rollers 9, so that the stones and the iron blocks with high density and high weight sink to the lower part, and the cloth, the fabric and the plastic paper with low mass and low density float to the upper layer, and the soft light garbage, such as the cloth, the fabric and the plastic paper, can be conveniently separated from the hard heavy garbage, such as the stones and the iron blocks; when the crushing part 2 is used for treating stones and iron blocks, through the special design of the angle of the crushing teeth 16, the stones can be crushed, and tooth breakage can be avoided; alpha is within 16-22 degrees, the iron block can slide upwards between the two rollers 15 through the lifting and extrusion of the crushing teeth 16, the occurrence of tooth breakage caused by hard collision of a downward hard plug and the crushing teeth 16 is avoided, when the angle is less than 16 degrees, the crushing teeth 16 and the iron block are easy to generate hard collision and hard extrusion to jump the teeth, when the angle is more than 22 degrees, the iron block is easy to be pressed down by the crushing teeth 16 to be hard plugged between the two rollers 15 and is not easy to slide upwards, and the two rollers 15 and the crushing teeth 16 are damaged; when the iron blocks are stirred by the crushing teeth 16 and extruded to slide upwards, the postures of the iron blocks can be continuously adjusted, if small iron blocks fall down from between the two rollers 15 through posture adjustment, if large iron blocks are left in the crushing part 2, feeding can be stopped firstly, and after the rest garbage falls out, the rollers 15 are paused to rotate and then are pulled down through the pulling pieces; the content of the large iron blocks in the household garbage is low, and meanwhile, due to the arrangement of the blanking roller 8, the part of the roller shaft 15 which is shut down for a short time can work normally, so that the daily treatment capacity cannot be influenced; the reinforcing steel bars and the like can smoothly slide down between the two roller shafts 15; the included angle of the cutting edges of the roller cutter heads 18 on the two roller cutter shafts 17 is 90 degrees, so that the cutting edges on one side open the tough garbage such as tourbillon cloth and fabrics, the cutting edges on the other side hook the unfolded part after rotating for 90 degrees, the cutting edges on both sides are pulled to process the tough garbage into a size convenient for the next process, if the included angle of the cutting edges of the roller cutter heads 18 on the two roller cutter shafts 17 is 180 degrees, because the tough garbage in the mixed garbage is tourbillon, the edges are easy to be simultaneously pulled by the cutting edges on both sides, so that the humanoid garbage is wound on the roller cutter shaft 17 on one side, and the processing efficiency is reduced; the shape of the knife edge is suitable for clamping columnar garbage such as reinforcing steel bars and the like, and the columnar garbage is cut off through the shearing force generated by the cooperation of the knife edge and the other roll cutter shaft 17; the blanking roller 8 is arranged to rotate at a constant speed, the blanking speed from the roller cutter part 5 to the layering part is controlled by controlling the rotating speed of the blanking roller 8, the quantity of garbage falling on the conveying mechanism 11 of the conveying belt is always the optimal workload of the even spreading roller 9, the layering efficiency is ensured, and the accuracy of separation is improved; the invention adopts tower type layout, is more energy-saving and is more beneficial to the collection of dust.

Except for the technical features described in the specification, the method is known to the technical personnel in the field.

Claims

1. The household garbage pre-sorting machine comprises a support and a separating structure, and is characterized in that the support is of a frame structure, and the separating structure is arranged on the support; the separation structure comprises a crushing part (2), a roller knife part (5) and a layering part; the crushing part (2) comprises two roll shafts (15) which rotate oppositely, two ends of each roll shaft (15) are arranged at the upper part of the bracket in a rotating connection mode through bearings, and crushing teeth (16) are arranged around the outer circumferential surface of each roll shaft (15); a shifting piece and a sliding rod (19) are arranged at the upper part of the gap between the two roll shafts (15), two side edges of the shifting piece are tangent to tooth crests of the crushing teeth (16), the sliding rod (19) is parallel to the central axis of the roll shafts (15), two ends of the sliding rod (19) are respectively connected with a support, the shifting piece is connected with the sliding rod (19) in a sliding manner, and the shifting piece is also connected with a traction rope (20) capable of driving the shifting piece to slide back and forth along the sliding rod (19); the roller cutter part (5) is arranged at the lower part of the crushing part (2), the roller cutter part (5) comprises two roller cutter shafts (17) rotating around the same hour hand, two ends of each roller cutter shaft (17) are arranged in the middle of the support in a rotating connection mode through bearings, and roller cutter heads (18) with preset number are arranged on the outer wall of each roller cutter shaft (17) at equal intervals along the central axis direction of the roller cutter shaft (17); the layered part is arranged below the roller knife part (5), and an auxiliary blanking device is also arranged between the layered part and the roller knife part (5); the layering part comprises a horizontally arranged conveying belt conveying mechanism (11) and a uniformly-rotating spreading roller (9) arranged above the conveying belt conveying mechanism (11) and rotating at a constant speed, and the spreading roller (9) comprises a rotating shaft and a preset number of shifting teeth arranged on the wall of the rotating shaft; and the bracket is also provided with a motor for providing power for the separation structure.

2. The household garbage pre-extension machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the included angle between the central axis of the cross section of the crushing tooth (16) and the central axis of the cross section of the roll shaft (15) passing through the midpoint of the bottom of the cross section of the crushing tooth (16) is α, and the α is 16 to 22 °.

3. The household garbage pre-extension machine according to claim 1, characterized in that a material transition plate (4) is arranged between the roller knife part (5) and the crushing part (2).

4. The household garbage pre-extension machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the roller bit (18) is a ring structure formed by connecting two semicircular rings with gradually changed cross sections and provided with cutting edges at two ends end to end, and the cutting edges are spaced by 180 degrees; the included angle between the cutting edge and the diameter of the annular structure is 60-90 degrees; the connecting line between two blades of the same roller cutter head (18) on one roller cutter shaft (17) is vertical to the connecting line between two blades of the same roller cutter head (18) on the other roller cutter shaft (17).

5. The household garbage pre-extension machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between two adjacent roller cutter heads (18) is equal to the width of the roller cutter heads (18), and the roller cutter heads (18) on the two roller cutter shafts (17) are arranged in a staggered manner.

6. The household garbage pre-extension machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the auxiliary blanking device comprises a hopper (6) and a blanking roller (8) rotating at a constant speed, the upper opening of the hopper (6) is communicated with the roller blade part (5), and the lower opening of the hopper (6) is communicated with the blanking roller (8).

7. The household garbage pre-extension machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper end of the conveyor belt conveying mechanism (11) is further provided with a feeding box (10) for providing materials for the subsequent process.

8. The household garbage pre-extension machine according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the two rollers (15) is arranged to be able to slide horizontally relative to the frame, and a spring mechanism (7) for adjusting the horizontal position of the roller (15) is connected to the roller.

9. The household garbage pre-extension machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the roller, the roller knife shaft (17) and the blanking roller (8) of the crushing part (2) are respectively connected with a first motor (1), a second motor (3) and a third motor (12) through chains.

10. The household garbage pre-extension machine according to claim 1, characterized in that a shield (13) is arranged outside the bracket, and a dust removing device (14) is arranged on the upper part of the shield (13).