CN107320511A - 微波转化三七茎叶皂苷制备活性组分的方法及应用 - Google Patents
微波转化三七茎叶皂苷制备活性组分的方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种微波转化三七茎叶皂苷制备活性组分的方法,该方法采用三七茎叶皂苷为原料,以纯化水为溶剂,经微波辅助降解、冷却、过滤、减压浓缩、干燥等过程制得微波转化后的三七茎叶皂苷活性组分,并将其应用在制备治疗和/或预防癌症的药物中;本发明活性组分的制备方法工艺操作简单、成本低廉、无污染,该活性组分对癌细胞增殖均有明显抑制作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种微波转化药用植物制备活性组分的方法,具体涉及一种微波转化三七茎叶皂苷制备活性组分的方法及应用。
背景技术
癌症是严重威胁人类健康和社会发展的重大疾病,对世界各国而言,癌症都是巨大的社会负担。据统计,在2015年全球大约有1410万例癌症病例,820万癌症死亡病例,预计未来20年癌症新发病例数将增加70%。随着人口老龄化趋势和疾病模式的转变,我国已成为癌症死亡和发病的大国。目前运用科学方法对癌症进行预防控制已成为我国最重要的公共卫生问题之一。因此,寻求新颖、有效的药物对治疗和预防癌症具有重要的意义。
三七茎叶是五加科人参属植物三七Panax notoginseng(Burk.)H. F. Chen地上部分的干燥茎叶。我国对三七的研究开发和利用主要集中于三七的地下部分,而对其地上部分研究较少。三七茎叶产量丰富,但其利用度不到百分之五。三七茎叶主要功效成分为三七茎叶皂苷,含量约为4%~6%,主要包括人参皂苷 Rb1,人参皂苷Rb3、人参皂苷Rc、三七皂苷Fa、三七皂苷Fc等大量皂苷,以及人参皂苷Rg3,人参皂苷Mc,人参皂苷Rh2等稀有皂苷。其中人参皂苷Rh2具有低毒性、分子量小、脂溶性好的优势,能够增强免疫力、抗疲劳、舒张血管、改善心脑血管供血不足等。同时,人参皂苷Rh2 还具有很强的抗癌活性,能够显著抑制恶性肿瘤的转移能力,降低其恶性程度。其抗癌作用机制比较广泛,呈现多部位、多环节、多靶点的特点,在治疗癌症领域具有良好的应用前景。三七茎叶中稀有皂苷含量极低,限制了其在药物领域的应用。因此,快速高效地制备稀有皂苷已成为研究热点与难题。
目前,采用微生物转化法、酸水解法、碱水解法等均可将三七中大量皂苷转化为稀有皂苷,这些传统转化方法不同程度地存在产率低、时间长、耗能高等方面的问题。而微波转化法缩短了时间,降低了能耗,且采用微波辅助的方法转化制备三七茎叶中稀有皂苷尚未有专利文献报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种微波转化三七茎叶皂苷制备活性组分的方法,该活性组分的制备方法工艺操作简单,成本低廉,无污染,使三七茎叶皂苷的抗癌活性大大提高。
本发明方法通过以下步骤实现:
(1)微波辅助降解
取一定质量的三七茎叶皂苷置于微波反应罐中,加入纯化水使其完全溶解,在微波功率400~700W、温度120~175℃下反应5~35min,获得转化后三七茎叶皂苷溶液;
(2)冷却、浓缩及干燥
将上述溶液冷却至室温,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,再经冷冻干燥获得富含人参皂苷Rh2的抗癌活性组分。
所述抗癌活性组分中人参皂苷Rh2的含量采用高效液相色谱法测定。
本发明另一目的是将上述活性组分应用在制备预防癌症的药物中;所述癌症主要包括宫颈癌、肝癌、肺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌等。
本发明所述的抗癌活性组分还可以加入一种或多种药学上可接受的载体,所述的药学上可接受的载体包括填充剂、湿润剂、粘合剂、甜味剂、吸收促进剂等,以改善药物吸收效果或便于服用;进一步制成片剂、散剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、滴丸剂、注射剂、栓剂、气雾剂等。
所述三七茎叶皂苷原料为市购。
本发明的优点是:
1、本发明的制备方法工艺操作简单、成本低廉,易于工业化生产;
2、本发明采用微波转化的方法对样品进行处理,在所限定工艺参数的协同作用下,具有快速高效的优点,能有效地使三七茎叶皂苷转化获得稀有皂苷;
3、本发明采用纯化水为溶剂,具有绿色环保、环境友好等优点,符合当代社会的科学发展理念;
4、微波转化后三七茎叶皂苷对宫颈癌细胞(Hela)和肺癌细胞(A549)增殖均有明显抑制作用。
附图说明
图 1为三七茎叶皂苷原料的高效液相色谱图;
图 2为微波转化后三七茎叶皂苷的高效液相色谱图。
具体实施方式
下面通过附图和实施例对本发明方法作进一步详细说明,但本发明保护范围不局限于所述内容。
实施例1:微波转化三七茎叶皂苷制备活性组分的方法如下:
(1)微波辅助降解
称取200mg的三七茎叶皂苷置于锥形瓶中,加入8mL纯化水,使其完全溶解;转移至微波反应罐中,在功率400W、温度120℃下持续消解10min,得到转化后三七茎叶皂苷溶液;
(2)冷却、浓缩及干燥
将上述转化后三七茎叶皂苷溶液冷却至室温,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩至原体积的1/4,再经冷冻干燥获得抗癌活性组分163mg;经高效液相色谱法测定,人参皂苷Rh2的含量为15.34%,如图1和2。
实施例2:微波转化三七茎叶皂苷制备活性组分的方法如下:
(1)微波辅助降解
称取200mg的三七茎叶皂苷置于锥形瓶中,加入10mL纯化水,使其完全溶解;转移至微波反应罐中,在功率500W、温度150℃下持续消解20min,得到转化后三七茎叶皂苷溶液;
(2)冷却、浓缩及干燥
将上述转化后三七茎叶皂苷溶液冷却至室温,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩至原体积的1/4,再经冷冻干燥获得抗癌活性组分185mg;经高效液相色谱法测定,人参皂苷Rh2的含量为20.49%。
实施例3:微波转化三七茎叶皂苷制备活性组分的方法如下:
(1)微波辅助降解
称取200mg的三七茎叶皂苷置于锥形瓶中,并加入14mL超纯水,使其完全溶解;转移至微波反应罐中,在功率600W、温度170℃下持续消解20min,得到转化后三七茎叶皂苷溶液;
(2)冷却、浓缩及干燥
将上述转化后三七茎叶皂苷溶液冷却至室温,过滤,将滤液减压浓缩至原体积的1/4,再经冷冻干燥获得抗癌活性组分159mg;经高效液相色谱法测定,人参皂苷Rh2的含量为12.76%。
实施例4 :高效液相色谱法测定抗癌活性组分中人参皂苷Rh2的含量:
将实施例1、2、3制备的抗癌活性组分采用高效液相色谱法测定人参皂苷Rh2的含量,具体如下:
仪器:
岛津高效液相色谱仪(包括在线脱气机DGU-20A3R(C)、二元泵LC-20AB、自动进样器SIL-20A、柱温箱CTO-20A、检测器SPD-20A),色谱柱:Vision HT C18色谱柱(5 µm,250 mm×4.6 mm)。
样品溶液制备:
精密称取微波转化后三七茎叶皂苷粉末20mg,加入10mL 70%甲醇溶液,经0.45μm滤膜过滤,作为供试品溶液。
色谱条件:
色谱柱:Vision HT C18( 250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 µm) 色谱柱。流动相A液为超纯水;流动相B液为乙腈。流动相均以0.45 µm滤膜过滤,超声脱气后使用。在0 ~ 20min内,用20%流动相B洗脱,在20 ~ 45 min内,由20%流动相B变化到46%流动相B,在45 ~ 55 min内,由46%流动相B变化到55%流动相B,继续用55%流动相B洗脱5 min;流速为1.0 mL•min-1,柱温为30℃,紫外检测波长为203nm,进样量为10.0 µL。
线性考察:
精密量取配置好的10.0 mmol•L-1人参皂苷Rh2标准品溶液,配制成5.0、1.0、0.8、0.4、0.2、0.1 mmol•L-1的系列标准品溶液,按上述色谱条件进行HPLC测定,以峰面积以人参皂苷Rh2浓度(mmol•L-1)为横坐标,以人参皂苷Rh2各浓度的峰面积(mAU*min)为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线,如图1所示,线性回归方程为Y=1.6×106X-1.1×105,R 2=0.9996,最小检出限为0.001 mmol•L-1。
精密度试验:
取0.5 mmol•L-1人参皂苷Rh2标准品溶液连续5次进样检测,由相应峰面积经标准曲线方程计算其浓度,结果RSD值为0.53%。
回收率试验:
取已知含量的样品,加入一定质量的人参皂苷Rh2标准品,按上述色谱条件进行液相检测;平均回收率为105.45%,RSD值为0.82%。
实施例5:微波转化后三七茎叶皂苷的抗癌活性
本发明研究了微波转化后三七茎叶皂苷对宫颈癌细胞(Hela)和肺癌细胞(A549)的增殖抑制作用。
采用MTT试验测定微波转化后三七茎叶皂苷活性组分的抗癌活性;将不同浓度(浓度分别为1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 μg/mL)的活性组分与宫颈癌细胞(Hela)或肺癌细胞(A549)细胞共培养48h,测定其细胞存活率,以半抑制浓度IC50值表示,结果见表1;结果显示,微波转化后三七茎叶皂苷对宫颈癌细胞(Hela)和肺癌细胞(A549)增殖均有明显抑制作用。
表1 微波转化后三七茎叶皂苷对肿瘤细胞体外生长的抑制活性
。
Claims (3)
1.一种微波转化三七茎叶皂苷制备活性组分的方法,其特征在于:在三七茎叶皂苷中加入纯化水使其完全溶解,在微波功率400~700W、温度120~175℃下反应5~35min后冷却至室温,过滤,滤液经浓缩冷冻干燥,即得活性组分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的微波转化三七茎叶皂苷制备活性组分的方法,其特征在于:三七茎叶皂苷和纯化水的料液比g:mL为1:40~1:70。
3.权利要求1所述微波转化三七茎叶皂苷制备活性组分的方法制得的活性组分在制备预防和/或治疗癌症药物中的应用。
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