CN107318711B - 一种林下养鱼方法 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种林下养鱼方法,其包括以下步骤:(1)山林改建:种植成排的树苗,并在成排的树木两旁和树林四周设置水沟,并在树木两旁的水沟铺设淤泥层,并在树林四周的水沟铺设水泥,并在淤泥层种植喜阴植物;(2)消毒处理:对水沟采用中草药消毒剂对水沟进行消毒;(3)饲养管理:A、控水管理:对水沟消毒后,放水进入水沟,实时监控水含量,控制成排树木间的水沟水深>0.3m;B、密度管理:水沟的鱼放养量为1~5尾/m2;C、饲料选择;定期对水沟均匀的投入纸浆。本发明采用在树林下养鱼,水沟为树生长所需的水分和肥力,鱼以草和多种微生物为食,两者互惠互利,经济效益好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及畜禽养殖技术领域,具体涉及一种林下养鱼方法。
背景技术
林下养殖通过林牧的有机结合,可充分的利用林下资源,提高农业的可持续发展能力,实现生态保护与农业发展的良性循环。目前,林下养殖技术主要有林下养兔、林下养羊、林下养牛、林下养猪、林下养禽等养殖模式,而未见有林下养鱼模式。林下养鱼由于对土壤的防渗性和树林的耐湿和耐水性要求较高,养殖场地选择性小,增加了养殖的技术难度。但林下养鱼模式也具有诸多优点,林下养鱼可为树提供生长所需的水分,水力和肥力充足,鱼以林中的草和多种微生物为食,两者具有互惠互利的效果,且林下养鱼还具有极高的观赏价值。林下养鱼是一种发展情景高,经济效益好的一种养殖模式。
发明内容
本发明克服了上述技术问题的缺点,提供可一种林下养鱼方法。
为解决上述问题,本发明采取如下技术方案:
一种林下养鱼方法包括以下步骤:
(1)山林改建:种植成排的树苗,并在成排的树木两旁挖深0.5~1.5m,宽0.3~1m的水沟,并用池塘中的淤泥铺设10~20cm的淤泥层,在树林四周挖深1.5m,宽1m的水沟,并在树林四周的水沟铺设水泥,水沟与水沟之间相互连通,并在淤泥层种植喜阴植物;
(2)消毒处理:对水沟采用由质量份的大黄2份、连翘4份、艾叶6份、金银花9份、蛇床子1份、苍术2份、蒲公英15份、苦参2份、丁香8份、青黛5份、薄荷3份、一点红3份、樟叶1份、厚朴3份制成的消毒剂对水沟进行消毒;
(3)饲养管理:
A、控水管理:对水沟消毒后,放水进入水沟,实时监控水含量,控制成排树木间的水沟水深>0.3m;
B、密度管理:水沟的鱼放养量为1~5尾/m2;
C、饲料选择;定期对水沟均匀的投入纸浆。
其中,所述的树苗品种为枫香、樟树、楠木、红苞木、红锥、秋枫、润叶阔、朴树、牛奶树、柳树的一种或多种。
其中,所述的喜阴植物为泽泻、麦冬、石菖蒲、荷花、千屈菜、水葱、再力花、梭鱼草、花叶芦竹、香蒲、旱伞草、芦苇一种或多种。
其中,所述的纸浆的投入量为2L/m2。
其中,所述的淤泥层上方还铺设纸浆层。
进一步的,所述的纸浆层由如下方法制得:废纸经过打浆后酶解制得纸浆,纸浆沉积制得纸浆层。
其中,所述的酶由质量比为3:5:1:2:5:2的纤维素酶、果胶酶、漆酶、木质素过氧化物酶、锰过氧化物酶、聚酰胺酶组成。
优选的,本发明采用的鱼苗可为泥鳅、金鱼、罗非鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼、黄鳝的一种或几种。
本发明的消毒剂中采用的部分中草药的药性如下:
大黄:味苦,性寒,胃经;大肠经;肝经;脾经,具有攻积滞、清湿热、泻火、凉血、祛瘀、解毒之功效。
连翘:味苦,性凉;具有清热,解毒,散结,消肿之功效。
艾叶:味苦、辛、性温,入脾、肝、肾,有温经、去湿、散寒、止血、消炎、平喘、止咳、安胎、抗过敏等作用。
金银花:味甘,微苦,清香,辛,性寒;归肺,胃,心,大肠经;具有清热解毒、凉血化淤之功效。
蛇床子:性温,味苦,具有温肾壮阳,燥湿,祛风,杀虫之功效。
苍术:味辛、苦,温;归脾、胃、肝经;具有燥湿健脾,祛风散寒,明目之功效。
蒲公英:味甘,微苦,性寒;具有清热解毒,消肿散结之功效。
苦参:味苦,性寒;用于热痢,便血,黄疸尿闭,赤白带下,阴肿阴痒,湿疹,湿疮,皮肤瘙痒,疥癣麻风;外治滴虫性阴道炎。
丁香:味甘、辛、性大热;具有温中降逆;温肾助阳之功效。
青黛:味咸、性寒,具有清热泻火,凉血解毒之功效。
薄荷:味辛,性凉;具有疏散风热,清利头目,利咽透疹,疏肝行气之功效。
一点红:味苦,性凉;具有清热解毒、散瘀消肿之功效。
樟叶:味辛;性温;祛风;具有除湿、解毒、杀虫之功效。
厚朴:味苦;辛;性温,具有行气消积;燥湿除满;降逆平喘之功效。
上述的中草药提取物中的活性物质,具有消毒抑菌灭菌的作用,尤其对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、汉逊氏酵母菌、青霉、毛霉、羊毛状小孢子菌、断发癣、石膏样小孢子菌、紫色癣菌、石膏样癣菌、红色癣菌、絮状表皮癣菌等菌有很好的抑菌杀灭作用,部分中草药还具有杀虫作用,本发明的中草药消毒剂对水沟中的有害细菌、害虫的杀灭作用强。
本发明采用的树苗耐水性好,其堆积的落叶具有良好的积水效果,防止水分的流失,提高水沟的积水能力。
所述的喜阴中草药可为鱼提供良好的青料,同时还具有良好的景观价值和药用价值,提高鱼的抵抗力。
本发明的纸浆层可提高水沟的蓄水能力,水沟的纸浆层有利于的各种微生物的繁殖,纸浆和微生物可为鱼提供丰富的食料,进一步的,本发明的纸浆层由处理后的废纸制成,处理工艺简单,废纸利用率高。
本发明的纸浆层由废纸经打浆后采用酶解制得纤维素酶、果胶酶、漆酶、木质素过氧化物酶、锰过氧化物酶、聚酰胺酶制得,废纸浆的处理工艺不添加有害的化学试剂,对水沟水质无影响,废纸经酶水解后,可加速纤维的润张,促进纤维与纤维之间的解离,提高水在纸浆的渗透作用,纤维分解效果好,将其置于水沟中,经沉淀后,纤维重新沉积结合,具有很强的蓄水积水作用。
本发明与现有技术相比较具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明采用在树林下养鱼,水沟为树生长所需的水分和肥力,鱼以草和多种微生物为食,两者互惠互利,提高资源的利用价值;
(2)本发明的树林品种为枫香、樟树、楠木、红苞木、红锥、秋枫、润叶阔、朴树、牛奶树、柳树,树木耐水性好,落叶堆积后腐化可提高土壤的肥力,提高土壤的保水能力;
(3)本发明在水沟中还种植喜泽泻、麦冬、石菖蒲、荷花、千屈菜、水葱、再力花、梭鱼草、花叶芦竹、香蒲、旱伞草、芦苇等喜阴植物,喜阴植物可提园林的观赏价值,喜阴植物还可作为鱼的食料,泽泻、麦冬、石菖蒲等喜阴植物为常用中草药,还可提高鱼的机体免疫力和抵抗力;
(4)本发明在水沟设置纸浆层,可提高水沟的蓄水能力,同时纸浆层还有利于微生物的繁殖,纸浆层为鱼的生长提供丰富的饵料,分解后的纸浆还可为树木的肥料;
(5)本发明采用中草药制成的消毒剂对水沟进行消毒,天然无副作用,对水沟水质无影响;
(6)本发明的纸浆层由废纸打浆后经酶解制成,酶解后的纸浆,其纤维得到充分的分离,投入水沟后经沉淀,分离的纤维又重新结合,重新结合后的纸浆蓄水能力高,本发明定期投入纸浆,可补充被分解掉和被鱼食用的纸浆,保证水沟的蓄水能力。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和试验对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
一种林下养鱼方法包括以下步骤:
(1)山林改建:种植成排的枫香、樟树、楠木、红苞木、红锥、秋枫、润叶阔、朴树、牛奶树、柳树的树苗,并在成排的树木两旁挖深1.5m,宽0.3m的水沟,并用池塘中的淤泥铺设20cm的淤泥层,淤泥层上方还铺设由废纸经过打浆后再经质量比为3:5:1:2:5:2的纤维素酶、果胶酶、漆酶、木质素过氧化物酶、锰过氧化物酶、聚酰胺酶进行酶解制得纸浆,纸浆再经沉淀制得的纸浆层,在树林四周挖深1.5m,宽1m的水沟,并在树林四周的水沟铺设水泥,水沟与水沟之间相互连通,并在淤泥层种植泽泻、麦冬、石菖蒲、荷花、千屈菜、水葱、再力花、梭鱼草、花叶芦竹、香蒲、旱伞草、芦苇;
(2)消毒处理:对水沟采用由质量份的大黄2份、连翘4份、艾叶6份、金银花9份、蛇床子1份、苍术2份、蒲公英15份、苦参2份、丁香8份、青黛5份、薄荷3份、一点红3份、樟叶1份、厚朴3份制成的消毒剂对水沟进行消毒;
(3)饲养管理:
A、控水管理:对水沟消毒后,放水进入水沟,实时监控水含量,控制成排树木间的水沟水深>0.3m;
B、密度管理:水沟的鱼放养量为3尾/m2,鱼苗为泥鳅、金鱼、罗非鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼、黄鳝;
C、饲料选择;定期按投入量为2L/m2对水沟均匀投入纸浆。
实施例2
一种林下养鱼方法包括以下步骤:
(1)山林改建:种植成排的枫香树苗,并在成排的树木两旁挖深0.5m,宽1m的水沟,并用池塘中的淤泥铺设10cm的淤泥层,淤泥层上方还铺设由废纸经过打浆后再经质量比为3:5:1:2:5:2的纤维素酶、果胶酶、漆酶、木质素过氧化物酶、锰过氧化物酶、聚酰胺酶进行酶解制得纸浆,纸浆再经沉淀制得的纸浆层,在树林四周挖深1.5m,宽1m的水沟,并在树林四周的水沟铺设水泥,水沟与水沟之间相互连通,并在淤泥层种植泽泻、麦冬、石菖蒲、荷花;
(2)消毒处理:对水沟采用由质量份的大黄2份、连翘4份、艾叶6份、金银花9份、蛇床子1份、苍术2份、蒲公英15份、苦参2份、丁香8份、青黛5份、薄荷3份、一点红3份、樟叶1份、厚朴3份制成的消毒剂对水沟进行消毒;
(3)饲养管理:
A、控水管理:对水沟消毒后,放水进入水沟,实时监控水含量,控制成排树木间的水沟水深>0.3m;
B、密度管理:水沟的鱼放养量为5尾/m2,鱼苗为泥鳅、金鱼、罗非鱼;
C、饲料选择;定期按投入量为2L/m2对水沟均匀投入纸浆。
实施例3
一种林下养鱼方法包括以下步骤:
(1)山林改建:种植成排的红锥、秋枫、牛奶树树苗,并在成排的树木两旁挖深1m,宽0.5m的水沟,并用池塘中的淤泥铺设15cm的淤泥层,淤泥层上方还铺设由废纸经过打浆后再经质量比为3:5:1:2:5:2的纤维素酶、果胶酶、漆酶、木质素过氧化物酶、锰过氧化物酶、聚酰胺酶进行酶解制得纸浆,纸浆再经沉淀制得的纸浆层,在树林四周挖深1.5m,宽1m的水沟,并在树林四周的水沟铺设水泥,水沟与水沟之间相互连通,并在淤泥层种植泽泻;
(2)消毒处理:对水沟采用由质量份的大黄2份、连翘4份、艾叶6份、金银花9份、蛇床子1份、苍术2份、蒲公英15份、苦参2份、丁香8份、青黛5份、薄荷3份、一点红3份、樟叶1份、厚朴3份制成的消毒剂对水沟进行消毒。
(3)饲养管理:
A、控水管理:对水沟消毒后,放水进入水沟,实时监控水含量,控制成排树木间的水沟水深>0.3m;
B、密度管理:水沟的鱼放养量为1尾/m2,鱼苗为泥鳅;
C、饲料选择;定期按投入量为2L/m2对水沟均匀投入纸浆。
依照本发明实施例1、实施例2、实施例3提供的林下养鱼方法进行种养殖,树木生长繁茂,鱼长势优良,其经济效益比单独种植树木高30%至50%。
为了更好的说明本发明的技术效果设置对照组,对照组选用与实施例3基本相同的林下养鱼方法,区别在于,对照组的水沟不设置纸浆层;选择同一片树林将树林均分成面积大小相同的A、B两块区域;A区域与B区域的水沟不相连;A区域依照本发明实施例3提供的林下养鱼方法种植树木和养殖鱼,B区域的依照对照组提供的林下养鱼方法种植树木和养殖鱼,一年后A区域与B区域的种养殖结果记录在表1中:
表1
由上表可知,在水沟设置纸浆层后,水沟蓄水效果好,补水次数少,泥鳅和树木长势好。说明本发明的纸浆层的纸浆可当做鱼的食料,同时沉积的纸浆还可提高的水沟的蓄水能力,分解后的纸浆还可为树木的生长提供微肥,促进树木的生长,本发明的林下养鱼技术效果好。
上述说明是针对本发明较佳可行实施例的详细说明,但实施例并非用以限定本发明的专利申请范围,凡本发明所提示的技术精神下所完成的同等变化或修饰变更,均应属于本发明所涵盖专利范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种林下养鱼方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)山林改建:种植成排的树苗,并在成排的树木两旁挖深0.5~1.5m,宽0.3~1m的水沟,并用池塘中的淤泥铺设10~20cm的淤泥层,在树林四周挖深1.5m,宽1m的水沟,并在树林四周的水沟铺设水泥,水沟与水沟之间相互连通,并在淤泥层种植喜阴植物;所述的淤泥层上方还铺设纸浆层,所述的纸浆层由如下方法制得:废纸经过打浆后酶解制得纸浆,纸浆沉积制得纸浆层,所述的酶由质量比为3:5:1:2:5:2的纤维素酶、果胶酶、漆酶、木质素过氧化物酶、锰过氧化物酶、聚酰胺酶组成;
(2)消毒处理:对水沟采用由质量份的大黄2份、连翘4份、艾叶6份、金银花9份、蛇床子1份、苍术2份、蒲公英15份、苦参2份、丁香8份、青黛5份、薄荷3份、一点红3份、樟叶1份、厚朴3份制成的消毒剂对水沟进行消毒;
(3)饲养管理:
A、控水管理:对水沟消毒后,放水进入水沟,实时监控水含量,控制成排树木间的水沟水深>0.3m;
B、密度管理:水沟的鱼放养量为1~5尾/m2;
C、饲料选择;定期对水沟均匀的投入纸浆。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种林下养鱼方法,其特征在于,所述的树苗品种为枫香、樟树、楠木、红苞木、红锥、秋枫、润叶阔、朴树、牛奶树、柳树的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种林下养鱼方法,其特征在于,所述的喜阴植物为泽泻、麦冬、石菖蒲、荷花、千屈菜、水葱、再力花、梭鱼草、花叶芦竹、香蒲、旱伞草、芦苇的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种林下养鱼方法,其特征在于,所述的鱼苗可为泥鳅、金鱼、罗非鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼、黄鳝的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种林下养鱼方法,其特征在于,所述的纸浆的投入量为2L/m2。
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