CN107302857B - Double-hybrid fertilizing and seeding machine with automatic control function - Google Patents
Double-hybrid fertilizing and seeding machine with automatic control function Download PDFInfo
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- CN107302857B CN107302857B CN201610788585.7A CN201610788585A CN107302857B CN 107302857 B CN107302857 B CN 107302857B CN 201610788585 A CN201610788585 A CN 201610788585A CN 107302857 B CN107302857 B CN 107302857B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-hybrid fertilizing and seeding machine with an automatic control function, which comprises two seed and fertilizer box side plates, two supporting beams, two dragging roller side plates, two dragging roller side arms and dragging rollers, wherein the two dragging rollers are arranged on the two side plates; a fertilizer box and a seed box are arranged between the two seed and fertilizer box side plates; two side arms of the tow roller are respectively arranged on the two side plates of the tow roller in a swing way; two ends of the tow roller are respectively and rotatably arranged on the side arms of the two tow rollers; a driving motor, a fertilizer discharging rotating shaft and a seed discharging rotating shaft are arranged on a side plate of the seed and fertilizer box; a motor ratchet wheel is arranged on an output shaft of the driving motor; a fertilizer box chain wheel is arranged on the fertilizer discharging rotating shaft, and a seed box chain wheel and a drag roller ratchet wheel are arranged on the seed discharging rotating shaft; the motor ratchet wheel, the fertilizer box chain wheel and the seed box chain wheel are linked; the drag roller chain wheel is linked with the drag roller ratchet wheel; the drag roller chain wheel is linked with the drag roller. The fertilizing and seeding machine adopts the driving motor and the dragging roller to realize double power sources, ensures that the fertilizer discharging rotating shaft and the seed discharging rotating shaft continuously and continuously rotate, and ensures continuous and reliable automation of fertilizing and seeding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to agricultural plant protection machinery, in particular to a double-hybrid power fertilizing and seeding machine which can adapt to various soil conditions, is driven uninterruptedly and can be controlled automatically.
Background
The driving mode of the fertilizing and seeding machine on the current market mainly has four modes: the driving device comprises a dragging roller drive, a land wheel drive, a motor drive and a two-shaft drive.
Wherein the driving of tow roller is similar with the land wheel drive, because of its rotational speed is relevant with the tractor speed of traveling, so seeding volume is accurate, even, can use widely in drier soil areas such as the north, and when soil moisture content is higher or soil viscidity is great, can make earth adhere to on tow roller or land wheel surface, makes it skid or stall, causes the hourglass to sow, influences seeding effect.
The motor driving structure is simple, and the seeding rate is controlled by the operation experience of a driver because the rotating speed of the motor driving structure is irrelevant to the running speed of the tractor. The two-axis drive seeding effect is similar to that of motor drive, and its structure is more complicated, and need change the structure of original rotary cultivator, has certain risk, and the cost is higher.
Regarding the hybrid drive of the two shafts and the dragging roller, the main disadvantages are that the structure is complex, the operation is inconvenient, the failure rate is high, and particularly, the malfunction is easy to generate, so that the damage of the machine tool is caused.
And current fertilizing and seeding machine still relies on the artifical material surplus that observes in fertile case or the seed case, not only extravagant manpower, takes place human negligence easily moreover, leads to missing to sow and reworking, extravagant a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources.
In busy seasons, the time is not equal, when any single driving mechanism fails, the machine can be stopped for maintenance, and the time of one or two days is delayed rarely. At this point, how important it is that a reliable supplemental power drives!
The main technical difficulty restricting the popularization of multi-power drive at present is the interference prevention among all power sources, and meanwhile, the manufacturing cost and the inconvenience in operation are also one of the factors.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems solved by the invention are as follows: the purpose is to overcome the defects of poor soil adaptability, inconvenient operation, complex structure, high failure rate, high quality requirement of operators and the like of various existing fertilizing and seeding machines.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a double-hybrid power fertilizing and seeding machine with an automatic control function, which comprises two seed manure box side plates, two supporting beams, two dragging roller side plates, two dragging roller side arms and dragging rollers;
the two supporting beams are parallel and horizontally arranged; the two seed and fertilizer box side plates are respectively vertically arranged above the two supporting beams, and a fertilizer box and a seed box are arranged between the two seed and fertilizer box side plates in parallel; two tow roll side plates are respectively and vertically arranged below the two supporting cross beams, two tow roll side arms are respectively and swing-type arranged on the two tow roll side plates, and a tow roll chain wheel is arranged at the swing connecting end of the tow roll side arm; two ends of the tow roller are respectively and rotatably arranged on the side arms of the two tow rollers;
a driving motor is arranged on the side plate of the seed fertilizer box, and a motor ratchet wheel is arranged on an output shaft of the driving motor; a fertilizer discharging rotating shaft and a seed discharging rotating shaft are rotatably arranged on the fertilizer box side plate, the fertilizer discharging rotating shaft is positioned at the lower outlet of the fertilizer box, and the seed discharging rotating shaft is positioned at the lower outlet of the seed box;
a fertilizer box chain wheel is arranged on the fertilizer discharging rotating shaft, and a seed box chain wheel and a drag roller ratchet wheel are arranged on the seed discharging rotating shaft; the motor ratchet wheel, the fertilizer box chain wheel and the seed box chain wheel are linked through a motor driving chain; the drag roller chain wheel and the drag roller ratchet wheel are linked through a drag roller driving chain; the drag roller chain wheel and the drag roller are linked through a transmission chain.
The driving motor is adopted to drive the fertilizer box chain wheel and the seed box chain wheel to rotate, so that a power source is realized, and the drag roller drives the drag roller chain wheel, the drag roller ratchet wheel, the fertilizer box chain wheel and the seed box chain wheel to rotate, so that a double power source is realized, the double power source is utilized to drive the fertilizer discharging rotating shaft and the seed discharging rotating shaft to continuously rotate, and the continuous and reliable automation of fertilization and seeding can be ensured; the adoption of the dragging roller ratchet wheel and the motor ratchet wheel can ensure that the double power sources cannot interfere with each other, and even if the dragging roller slips or blocks the rotation, the dragging roller chain wheel and the dragging roller ratchet wheel can rotate relatively under the driving of the motor ratchet wheel, thereby ensuring that two paths of power sources mutually assist the operation.
As a further limited scheme of the invention, the fertilizer box air conditioner further comprises a control cabinet, a fertilizer box air detection photoelectric switch, a box air detection photoelectric switch and a lifting detection photoelectric switch; the fertilizer box air detection photoelectric switch and the seed box air detection photoelectric switch are respectively arranged at the lower edge parts of the side walls of the fertilizer box and the seed box; a large-current automobile relay and a pulse width speed regulator are arranged in the control cabinet; a main protection switch, a control loop fuse, a button control switch, a motor speed regulation knob of a pulse width speed regulator, a motor operation indicator lamp, a fertilizer tank empty alarm buzzer, a tank empty alarm buzzer and an electrifying indicator lamp are arranged on the front side panel of the control cabinet; a power interface and a main circuit fuse are arranged on the rear side panel of the control cabinet;
the power supply interface is connected with a terminal at one side of the main protection switch; the terminal of the other side of the main protection switch is connected with one end of the main loop fuse; the other end of the main circuit fuse is respectively connected with one end of the control circuit fuse and one end of a normally open contact of the high-current automobile relay; the other end of the normally open contact of the heavy-current automobile relay is connected with the power supply end of the pulse width governor; the control output end of the pulse width speed regulator is connected with the input end of the driving motor; the other end of the control loop fuse is connected with a terminal at one side of the button control switch; the other side of the button control switch is connected with one side of a fertilizer box air detection photoelectric switch, a box air detection photoelectric switch and a lifting detection photoelectric switch respectively; the wiring end on the other side of the box air detection photoelectric switch is connected with the power supply end of the box air alarm buzzer; the wiring end on the other side of the fertilizer tank empty detection photoelectric switch is connected with the power supply end of the fertilizer tank empty alarm buzzer; the terminal at the other side of the lifting detection photoelectric switch is connected with a coil of a high-current automobile relay; the other side terminal of the button control switch is also connected with the power-on indicator light.
The fertilizer box empty detection photoelectric switch and the seed box empty detection photoelectric switch can be used for monitoring the residual amounts in the fertilizer box and the seed box in real time, and alarming is carried out through the fertilizer box empty alarming buzzer and the seed box empty alarming buzzer when the residual amounts are insufficient, so that an operator is reminded to add fertilizer or seeds, and the automation degree is effectively improved; the control loop fuse can effectively improve the safety of system power utilization and prevent electronic devices from being damaged; the rotating speed of the direct current motor can be adjusted as required by adopting the motor speed adjusting knob, so that the fertilizing and seeding density is changed; the lifting detection photoelectric switch can detect whether the dragging roller is put down to work in real time, so that the power supply of the pulse width speed regulator is switched on through a large-current automobile relay in time to enable the direct current motor to start working; the main circuit fuse can effectively improve the safety of the power consumption of the direct current motor and prevent each electrical equipment from being damaged; and a power-on indicator Lamp (LED) is adopted to detect whether a power circuit is normal or not, particularly whether a main circuit fuse is fused or not.
As a further limited scheme of the invention, a lifting switch terminal for connecting a lifting detection photoelectric switch, a fertilizer box switch terminal for connecting a fertilizer box empty detection photoelectric switch and a box switch terminal for connecting a seed box empty detection photoelectric switch are further arranged on the rear side panel of the control cabinet. Adopt lift switch wiring end, fertile case switch wiring end and case switch wiring end can make things convenient for photoelectric switch's wiring, improved photoelectric switch's the maintenance efficiency of tearing open and trade.
As a further limiting scheme of the invention, at least two mounting seats are arranged on each of the two supporting cross beams, and a U-shaped bolt for fixing is arranged on each mounting seat. Adopt mount pad and U-shaped bolt can conveniently carry out the operation in coordination with seeder combined mounted on other mechanical equipment.
As a further limiting scheme of the invention, the side arm of the dragging roller is provided with a lifting lug, and the side plate of the seed and fertilizer box is provided with at least two positioning holes along the swinging arc of the lifting lug. The swing angle of the side arm of the dragging roller can be conveniently positioned by adopting the lifting lugs and the positioning holes, so that the height of the dragging roller is indirectly changed.
As a further limiting scheme of the invention, the roller ratchet wheel and the motor ratchet wheel are both one-way ratchet wheels, and in operation, the roller ratchet wheel drives the inner ring to rotate by the outer ring, and the motor ratchet wheel drives the outer ring to rotate by the inner ring. The adoption of the one-way ratchet can ensure that the two power sources do not interfere with each other, so that the two power sources mutually assist to operate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the driving motor is adopted to drive the fertilizer box chain wheel and the seed box chain wheel to rotate, so that a power source is realized, and the drag roller drives the drag roller chain wheel, the drag roller ratchet wheel, the fertilizer box chain wheel and the seed box chain wheel to rotate, so that a double power source is realized, the double power source is utilized to drive the fertilizer discharging rotating shaft and the seed discharging rotating shaft to continuously rotate, and the continuous and reliable automation of fertilization and seeding can be ensured; (2) the adoption of the dragging roller ratchet wheel and the motor ratchet wheel can ensure that the double power sources cannot interfere with each other, and even if the dragging roller slips or blocks the rotation, the dragging roller chain wheel and the dragging roller ratchet wheel can rotate relatively under the driving of the motor ratchet wheel, thereby ensuring that two paths of power sources mutually assist the operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the whole installation structure of the combined seed and fertilizer drill of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the seeder combined with fertilising apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken at A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the front panel of the control cabinet of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a rear side panel schematic of the control cabinet of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an electrical relationship diagram of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. seed and fertilizer box side plates, 2, a supporting beam, 3, a roller side plate, 4, a roller side arm, 5, a roller, 6, a fertilizer box chain wheel, 7, a motor ratchet wheel, 8, a seed box chain wheel, 9, a roller ratchet wheel, 10, a fertilizer discharging rotating shaft, 11, a driving motor, 12, a seed discharging rotating shaft, 13, a motor driving chain, 14, a roller driving chain, 15, a driving chain, 16, a fertilizer box, 17, a seed box, 19, a fertilizer box empty detection photoelectric switch, 20, a seed box empty detection photoelectric switch, 21, a roller chain wheel, 22, a lifting lug, 23, a positioning hole, 24, a mounting seat, 25, a U-shaped bolt, 26, a lifting detection photoelectric switch, 31, a control cabinet, 32, a power supply interface, 33, a main loop fuse, 34, a lifting switch terminal, 35, a fertilizer box switch terminal, 36, a seed box switch terminal, 37, a general control switch, 38, a button control switch, 39 and a motor speed regulation knob, 40. control loop fuse 41, motor running indicator 42, fertilizer box empty alarm buzzer 43, box empty alarm buzzer 44, power-on indicator 51, storage battery 52, lifting arm 53, connecting support 54, rotary cultivator 55, conduit 56 and small carriage.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the double hybrid fertilizer and seed drill with automatic control function of the present invention includes: the device comprises two seed and fertilizer box side plates 1, two supporting cross beams 2, two tow roller side plates 3, two tow roller side arms 4, tow rollers 5, a control cabinet 31, a fertilizer box empty detection photoelectric switch 19, a seed box empty detection photoelectric switch 20 and a lifting detection photoelectric switch 26;
wherein, the two supporting beams 2 are arranged in parallel and horizontally; the two seed and fertilizer box side plates 1 are respectively vertically arranged above the two supporting beams 2, and a fertilizer box 16 and a seed box 17 are arranged between the two seed and fertilizer box side plates 1 in parallel; the two drag roller side plates 3 are respectively and vertically arranged below the two supporting cross beams 2, the two drag roller side arms 4 are respectively and swing-type arranged on the two drag roller side plates 3, and the swing connecting ends of the drag roller side arms 4 are provided with drag roller chain wheels 21; two ends of the tow roller 5 are respectively and rotatably arranged on the two tow roller side arms 4;
a driving motor 11 is arranged on the side plate 1 of the seed fertilizer box, and a motor ratchet wheel 7 is arranged on an output shaft of the driving motor 11; a fertilizer discharging rotating shaft 10 and a seed discharging rotating shaft 12 are rotatably arranged on the seed and fertilizer box side plate 1, the fertilizer discharging rotating shaft 10 is positioned at the lower outlet of the fertilizer box 16, and the seed discharging rotating shaft 12 is positioned at the lower outlet of the seed box 17; the fertilizer discharging rotating shaft 10 and the seed discharging rotating shaft 12 are respectively used for pulling out fertilizer and seeds with corresponding amount from the fertilizer box 16 and the seed box 17, the fertilizer and the seeds fall from a lower conduit 55, and then are trowelled by a rear small planker 56;
a fertilizer box chain wheel 6 is arranged on the fertilizer discharging rotating shaft 10, and a seed box chain wheel 8 and a drag roller ratchet wheel 9 are arranged on the seed discharging rotating shaft 12; the motor ratchet wheel 7, the fertilizer box chain wheel 6 and the seed box chain wheel 8 are linked through a motor driving chain 13; the drag roller chain wheel 21 and the drag roller ratchet wheel 9 are linked through a drag roller driving chain 14; the drag roller chain wheel 21 is linked with the drag roller 5 through the transmission chain 15; the roller ratchet wheel 9 and the motor ratchet wheel 7 are both one-way ratchet wheels, and when the roller ratchet wheel works, the roller ratchet wheel 9 drives the inner ring to rotate by the outer ring, and the motor ratchet wheel 7 drives the outer ring to rotate by the inner ring;
the control cabinet 31 is arranged on a position on the left mudguard of the tractor, which is convenient for a driver to operate, the front panel of the control cabinet 31 faces the driver and is used for the driver to operate and observe, the lifting detection photoelectric switch 26 for lifting the lifting arm 52 is arranged on the tractor through the mounting bracket 53, and the photoelectric probe of the lifting detection photoelectric switch 26 is aligned with the lifting arm 52 of the tractor to descend to a working position; a fertilizer box air detection photoelectric switch 19 and a seed box air detection photoelectric switch 20 are respectively arranged at the lower edges of the side walls of the fertilizer box 16 and the seed box 17; a large-current automobile relay and a pulse width speed regulator are arranged in the control cabinet 31; a main protection switch 37, a control loop fuse 40, a button control switch 38, a motor speed regulation knob 39 of a pulse width speed regulator, a motor operation indicator lamp 41, a fertilizer tank empty alarm buzzer 42, a tank empty alarm buzzer (43) and an electrifying indicator lamp 44 are arranged on the front side panel of the control cabinet 31; a power interface 32 and a main circuit fuse 33 are arranged on the rear side panel of the control cabinet 31;
the power supply interface 32 is connected with one side terminal of the main protection switch 37; the other side terminal of the main protection switch 37 is connected to one end of the main circuit fuse 33; the other end of the main circuit fuse 33 is respectively connected with one end of the control circuit fuse 40 and one end of a normally open contact of the high-current automobile relay; the other end of the normally open contact of the heavy-current automobile relay is connected with the power supply end of the pulse width governor; the control output end of the pulse width speed regulator is connected with the input end of the driving motor 11; the other end of the control loop fuse 40 is connected with a terminal at one side of the button control switch 38; the other terminal of the button control switch 38 is respectively connected with one terminals of the fertilizer box air detection photoelectric switch 19, the box air detection photoelectric switch 20 and the lifting detection photoelectric switch 26; the wiring end on the other side of the box air detection photoelectric switch 20 is connected with the power supply end of the box air alarm buzzer 43; the other side of the fertilizer empty detection photoelectric switch 19 is connected with the power end of a fertilizer empty alarm buzzer 42; the terminal at the other side of the lifting detection photoelectric switch 26 is connected with a coil of a high-current automobile relay; the other terminal of the button control switch 38 is also connected to a power-on indicator 44.
In order to facilitate replacement and maintenance of each photoelectric switch, a lifting switch terminal 34 for connecting the lifting detection photoelectric switch 26, a fertilizer box switch terminal 35 for connecting the fertilizer box air detection photoelectric switch 19, and a box switch terminal 36 for connecting the box air detection photoelectric switch 20 are further provided on the rear side panel of the control cabinet 31.
In order to facilitate the installation of the fertilizing and seeding machine on the rotary cultivator 54, two installation seats 24 are arranged on the two supporting beams 2, a U-shaped bolt 25 for fixing is arranged on each installation seat 24, the fertilizing and seeding machine is fixedly installed on the rotary cultivator 54 through the U-shaped bolts 25 and ascends and descends together with the rotary cultivator 54 to simultaneously cultivate, fertilize and seed.
In order to fix the position of the side arm 4 of the dragging roller, the side arm 4 of the dragging roller is provided with a lifting lug 22, and the side plate 1 of the seed and fertilizer box is provided with at least two positioning holes 23 along the swinging arc of the lifting lug 22.
When the double-hybrid fertilizing and seeding machine with the automatic control function works, one path of power source is driven by a motor ratchet wheel 7 of a driving motor 11 to drive a fertilizer box chain wheel 6 and a seed box chain wheel 8 to rotate, and the other path of power source is driven by a drag roller 5 to drive a drag roller chain wheel 21, a drag roller ratchet wheel 9, a fertilizer box chain wheel 6 and a seed box chain wheel 8 to rotate; because the roller ratchet wheel 9 and the motor ratchet wheel 7 both adopt one-way ratchet wheels, two power sources do not interfere with each other; when the tractor works normally, the drag roller 5 drives the outer ring of the drag roller ratchet wheel 9 to rotate, the outer ring of the drag roller ratchet wheel 9 drives the inner ring to rotate, so as to drive the seed box chain wheel 8 to rotate, the seed box chain wheel 8 drives the motor ratchet wheel 7 to rotate, because the rotating speed of the driving motor 11 can be set to be less than or equal to that of the drag roller 5, the inner ring and the outer ring of the motor ratchet wheel 7 are relatively static or in a slipping state, when the drag roller 5 slips, blocks rotation or is not electrified, the outer ring of the drag roller ratchet wheel 9 stops rotating, because the driving motor 11 continuously rotates, the rotating speed of the inner ring of the motor ratchet wheel 7 is higher than that of the outer ring, so as to enable the inner ring of the motor ratchet wheel 7 to drive the outer ring to rotate, the motor ratchet wheel 7 drives the seed box chain wheel 8 to continuously rotate, the seed box chain wheel 8 drives the, the rotating speeds of the fertilizer discharging rotating shaft 10 and the seed discharging rotating shaft 12 can be calculated according to the gear speed of the tractor, and at the moment, the rotating speed of the driving motor 11 is matched with the rotating speed of the motor speed regulating knob 39 on the front panel of the control cabinet 31, so that the two powers can be simultaneously driven online and in a mixed mode, and even if one power fails, the rotary tillage, fertilization and seeding work can be normally carried out.
When the tractor needs to be operated to enable the lifting arm 52 of the tractor to swing downwards, the main protection switch 37 needs to be turned on, when the lifting arm 52 of the tractor swings downwards to the working position, the tractor is geared to move forwards, the rotary cultivator starts to work by combining the power output of the tractor, the drag roller 5 starts to be driven without contacting the ground, the lifting detection photoelectric switch 26 detects the lifting arm 52 of the tractor, and the driving motor 11 starts to run.
At this time, if the driving motor 11 is not powered on and does not rotate, the shaft of the starter motor 11 is not driven because the ratchet gears contained in the motor ratchet 7 and the roller ratchet 9 are installed in opposite directions. Similarly, when the tow roller 5 does not rotate or slip during operation, the rotation of the driving motor 11 is not driven by the driving motor 11 due to the slip of the ratchet wheel of the tow roller ratchet wheel 9. When the driving motor 11 and the drag roller 5 work simultaneously, the actual working rotating speed of the seed sowing rotating shaft 12 and the fertilizer discharging rotating shaft 10 is equal to the high transmission rotating speed of the drag roller 5 and the driving motor 11. When the tractor runs at a constant speed, the rotating speeds of the fertilizer discharging rotating shaft 10 and the seed discharging rotating shaft 12 can be calculated according to the gear speed of the tractor, and the rotating speed of the driving motor 11 is matched with the rotating speed by adjusting the motor speed regulating knob 39 on the front panel of the control cabinet 31, so that the two powers can be simultaneously driven online and in a mixed mode, and the rotary tillage, fertilization and seeding work can be normally carried out even if one power fails.
When the electric control system of the double hybrid fertilizing and seeding machine with the automatic control function selects elements, the lifting detection photoelectric switch 26 is a normally open photoelectric switch; the fertilizer box empty detection photoelectric switch 19 is a normally closed photoelectric switch; the box air detection photoelectric switch 20 is a normally closed photoelectric switch; the main circuit fuse 33 adopts a 32A high-current fuse; the control loop fuse 40 is a 1A fuse; the high-current automobile relay adopts a low-voltage direct-current high-current automobile relay; the main protection switch 37 adopts a single-pole automatic air switch; the pulse width speed regulator adopts a direct current motor pulse width speed regulator.
The control cabinet 31 is directly fixed at a proper position on a fender of the tractor, and a front side panel of the control cabinet 31 is positioned at one side of a driver, so that the operation and observation of the driver are facilitated. The positive pole of the power interface 32 is connected with the positive pole of the tractor storage battery 51 or the positive pole of the generator, and the negative pole is grounded by short line (namely, connected with the negative pole of the storage battery 51); the seed box empty detection photoelectric switch 20 and the fertilizer box empty detection photoelectric switch 19 are respectively installed at corresponding positions of the seed box 17 and the fertilizer box 16 of the electric fertilizing and seeding machine and used for detecting the residual amount of materials in the seed box 17 and the fertilizer box 16. The lifting detection photoelectric switch 26 is arranged on a connecting support 53 with adjustable position, the connecting support 53 is fixed by bolts or welded at a position beside a lifting arm 52 of the tractor, and the photoelectric probe is opposite to the position of the lifting arm 52 in a lowering working state.
When the electric control system of the double hybrid fertilizing and seeding machine with the automatic control function is connected with a specific line, the power plus end of the power interface 32 is connected with one end of the single-pole automatic air switch; the other end of the single-pole automatic air switch is connected with one end of the main circuit fuse; the other end of the main circuit fuse is respectively connected with one end of the control circuit fuse and one end of a normally open contact of the high-current automobile relay; the other end of the normally open contact of the heavy-current automobile relay is connected with a P + pole of the direct-current motor pulse width speed regulator; the P-pole of the pulse width speed regulator of the direct current motor is connected with the negative pole of the power supply; the M + and M-poles of the pulse width speed regulator of the direct current motor are respectively connected with a plug-in socket of the direct current motor (the connection is exchanged to adjust the motor steering), and the positive and negative poles of the motor operation indicator lamp are respectively connected with the M + pole and the M-pole; the lower pile head of the fuse of the control circuit 1A is connected with one end of a button control switch, and the other end of the button control switch is respectively connected with the + pole of three photoelectric switches of a fertilizer box empty detection photoelectric switch 19, a box empty detection photoelectric switch 20 and a lifting detection photoelectric switch 26 and one end of an electrified indicator lamp; the output pole of the lifting detection photoelectric switch 26 is connected with one end of a high-current automobile relay coil, and the other end of the coil is connected with a power-pole; the output electrodes of the seed box empty detection photoelectric switch 20 and the fertilizer box empty detection photoelectric switch 19 are respectively connected with one end of a seed box empty alarm buzzer 43 and one end of a fertilizer box empty alarm buzzer 42, and the other ends of the seed box empty alarm buzzer 43, the fertilizer box empty alarm buzzer 42 and the power-on indicator lamp 44 are all connected with a power-electrode.
When the unit is debugged and starts to work: the single-pole automatic air switch and the button control switch 38 of the power supply of the electric control system are turned on, and the motor speed regulating knob 39 of the direct current motor pulse width speed regulator is adjusted to a proper position, so that the tractor moves forward and operates the unit to descend and enter the soil. At this moment, the arm of lifting of tractor lift arm 52 shelters from the lift and detects photoelectric switch, and the switch is closed, switches on heavy current car relay coil, makes relay closed contact, and direct current motor operation begins automatic even seed and fertilizer of broadcasting. When the tractor runs to the ground and turns to lift the machine or needs to temporarily stop the machine, the lifting arm 52 lifts up, the lifting detection photoelectric switch 26 is not shielded, the switch is switched off, the driving motor 11 stops working, and the sowing of seeds and fertilizers is automatically stopped. Therefore, the working cycle is automatically realized, and the working control process is accurate and reliable. The operator can also adjust the work of detecting photoelectric switch upper and lower position and realizing not co-altitude and open and stop according to planting and the operation condition of difference, different unit in a flexible way. When the seeds and fertilizer in the seed box 17 and the fertilizer box 16 are deficient to a certain degree, namely the upper surface is lowered to a certain height, and the seed box empty detection photoelectric switch 20 or the fertilizer box empty detection photoelectric switch 19 cannot be effectively shielded, the switch is disconnected, and the corresponding seed box empty alarm buzzer 43 and the fertilizer box empty alarm buzzer 42 work to flash and buzz to remind an operator of timely supplement. The alarm residual quantity of the seed box 17 and the fertilizer box 16 can be adjusted by adjusting the corresponding position of the seed box air detection photoelectric switch 20 or the fertilizer box air detection photoelectric switch 19, which is convenient. In order to further improve the monitoring and alarming quality, the number of photoelectric switches for detecting and alarming can be increased at different positions of the seed box 17 and the fertilizer box 16, and the photoelectric switches are respectively connected in parallel in the circuit for use. In general, in order to prevent sundries such as clods and rainwater from entering, the seed box 17 and the fertilizer box 16 are covered, so that an operator cannot observe whether the materials in the box are short or not in time, and needs to frequently get off and lift the cover to observe, which is very inconvenient.
In addition, the photoelectric switch selected by the invention has reliable work, long service life, low price and convenient installation; the high-current protection fuse of the main circuit protection 32A is led out to the rear panel, and can be replaced conveniently. The fertilizing and seeding machine often causes inflexible rotation of the seed fertilizer shaft because sundries in the seed fertilizer are blocked, stuck or not cleaned and maintained in time, so that the motor runs in an overload mode and even stops. The general electric control system often causes the motor to be burnt due to no reasonable protective measures, and the invention can realize double protection of the motor through the air switch and the fuse.
Before fertilizing and seeding, the lifting arm 52 of the tractor is in a high position, the rotary tillage cutter and the drag roller 5 of the rotary cultivator are not contacted with the ground, and the lifting detection photoelectric switch 26 of the tractor cannot detect the lifting arm 52 of the tractor; when needs get into operating condition, the manipulation tractor makes the lifing arm 52 downswing of tractor, need open total control switch 37 this moment, when the lifing arm 52 downswing of tractor to the operating position, the tractor is put into gear and is moved ahead, combine tractor power take off, the rotary cultivator rotates and begins work, tow roller 5 contact ground begins the drive, the lift of tractor detects tractor lifing arm 52 simultaneously photoelectric switch 26, driving motor 11 begins the operation.
In the fertilizing and seeding process, the fertilizer box empty detection photoelectric switch 19 and the seed box empty detection photoelectric switch 20 monitor the residual quantity in the fertilizer box 16 and the seed box 17 in real time, when the residual quantity is insufficient, corresponding level signals are sent to the controller, and the controller controls the seed box empty alarm buzzer 43 and the fertilizer box empty alarm buzzer 42 to give an alarm to remind an operator of fertilizing and seeding; the operator adjusts the fertilizing and seeding speed through the speed adjusting knob 39 according to the speed of the tractor; the motor operation indicator lamp 41 is synchronously turned on or off when the driving motor 11 is started or stopped; the lift sensing photoelectric switch 26 monitors the state of the lift arm 52 in real time, and the lift sensing photoelectric switch 26 performs a closing or opening operation when the lift arm 52 is lifted or not lowered.
When the operation of rotary tillage, fertilization and seeding is stopped in stages, only the handle of the tractor needs to be operated to enable the lifting arm 52 of the tractor to swing upwards to be separated from the working position, at the moment, the dragging roller 5 leaves the ground and stops rotating, meanwhile, the tractor lifts and detects the lifting arm 52 of the tractor, the driving motor 11 stops operating, and the operation of rotary tillage, fertilization and seeding is suspended.
When the materials in the seed box 17 or the fertilizer box 16 are lower than the warning position (can be adjusted by the fertilizer box empty detection photoelectric switch 19 and the fertilizer box empty detection photoelectric switch 20), the fertilizer box empty detection photoelectric switch 19 and the fertilizer box empty detection photoelectric switch 20 cannot detect the materials, and then the seed box empty alarm buzzer 43 and the fertilizer box empty alarm buzzer 42 on the front panel of the control cabinet 31 give an alarm to the driver to remind the driver to add the corresponding materials.
The height position of the dragging roller 5 can be adjusted for adjusting and controlling the tilling depth. The height of the conduit 55 can be adjusted to suit different ground conditions. The power of the driving motor 11 is a 12v/250w direct current motor, and during normal operation, the power generated by the tractor generator is larger than the power consumed by the driving motor 11, so that the condition of feeding power to the tractor storage battery 51 cannot be caused.
The ratchet wheels contained in the motor ratchet wheel 7 and the roller ratchet wheel 9 are bicycle flywheels which are easy to purchase in the market, and the motor ratchet wheel and the roller ratchet wheel are low in price and stable in quality.
Fertile case sky detection photoelectric switch 19, case sky detection photoelectric switch 20 and lift detection photoelectric switch 26 are non-contact signaling control, do not have physical wear, so life is higher, and the dependable performance, the fault rate is low.
As noted above, while the present invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it is not to be construed as limited thereto. Various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a two power fertilizing and seeding machines that mix that possess automatic control function which characterized in that: comprises two seed manure box side plates (1), two supporting beams (2), two dragging roller side plates (3), two dragging roller side arms (4) and a dragging roller (5);
the two supporting beams (2) are arranged in parallel and horizontally; the two seed and fertilizer box side plates (1) are respectively vertically arranged above the two supporting beams (2), and a fertilizer box (16) and a seed box (17) are arranged between the two seed and fertilizer box side plates (1) in parallel; two dragging roller side plates (3) are respectively and vertically arranged below the two supporting cross beams (2), two dragging roller side arms (4) are respectively and swing-type arranged on the two dragging roller side plates (3), and a dragging roller chain wheel (21) is arranged at the swing connecting end of each dragging roller side arm (4); two ends of the tow roller (5) are respectively and rotatably arranged on the two tow roller side arms (4);
a driving motor (11) is arranged on the seed manure box side plate (1), and a motor ratchet wheel (7) is arranged on an output shaft of the driving motor (11); a fertilizer discharging rotating shaft (10) and a seed discharging rotating shaft (12) are rotatably arranged on the seed and fertilizer box side plate (1), the fertilizer discharging rotating shaft (10) is positioned at the lower outlet of the fertilizer box (16), and the seed discharging rotating shaft (12) is positioned at the lower outlet of the seed box (17);
a fertilizer box chain wheel (6) is arranged on the fertilizer discharging rotating shaft (10), and a seed box chain wheel (8) and a drag roller ratchet wheel (9) are arranged on the seed discharging rotating shaft (12); the motor ratchet wheel (7), the fertilizer box chain wheel (6) and the seed box chain wheel (8) are linked through a motor driving chain (13); the roller chain wheel (21) and the roller ratchet wheel (9) are linked through a roller driving chain (14); the roller chain wheel (21) and the roller (5) are linked through a transmission chain (15);
the double-hybrid power fertilizing and seeding machine also comprises a control cabinet (31), a fertilizer box air detection photoelectric switch (19), a box air detection photoelectric switch (20) and a lifting detection photoelectric switch (26); a fertilizer box air detection photoelectric switch (19) and a seed box air detection photoelectric switch (20) are respectively arranged at the lower edges of the side walls of the fertilizer box (16) and the seed box (17); a large-current automobile relay and a pulse width speed regulator are arranged in the control cabinet (31); a main protection switch (37), a control loop fuse (40), a button control switch (38), a motor speed regulation knob (39) of a pulse width speed regulator, a motor running indicator lamp (41), a fertilizer tank empty alarm buzzer (42), a tank empty alarm buzzer (43) and an electrifying indicator lamp (44) are arranged on the front side panel of the control cabinet (31); a power interface (32) and a main circuit fuse (33) are arranged on the rear side panel of the control cabinet (31);
the power supply interface (32) is connected with a terminal at one side of the main protection switch (37); the other side terminal of the main protection switch (37) is connected with one end of the main circuit fuse (33); the other end of the main circuit fuse (33) is respectively connected with one end of a control circuit fuse (40) and one end of a normally open contact of a high-current automobile relay; the other end of the normally open contact of the heavy-current automobile relay is connected with the power supply end of the pulse width governor; the control output end of the pulse width speed regulator is connected with the input end of a driving motor (11); the other end of the control loop fuse (40) is connected with a terminal at one side of the button control switch (38); the other side terminal of the button control switch (38) is respectively connected with one side terminals of the fertilizer box air detection photoelectric switch (19), the box air detection photoelectric switch (20) and the lifting detection photoelectric switch (26); the wiring terminal at the other side of the seed box air detection photoelectric switch (20) is connected with the power supply end of a seed box air alarm buzzer (43); the wiring end on the other side of the fertilizer tank empty detection photoelectric switch (19) is connected with the power end of a fertilizer tank empty alarm buzzer (42); the terminal at the other side of the lifting detection photoelectric switch (26) is connected with a coil of a high-current automobile relay; the other terminal of the button control switch (38) is also connected with a power-on indicator lamp (44).
2. The double hybrid fertilizing and seeding machine with automatic control function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and a lifting switch terminal (34) used for connecting the lifting detection photoelectric switch (26), a fertilizer box switch terminal (35) used for connecting the fertilizer box air detection photoelectric switch (19) and a box switch terminal (36) used for connecting the box air detection photoelectric switch (20) are further arranged on the rear side panel of the control cabinet (31).
3. The double hybrid fertilizing and seeding machine with automatic control function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: two supporting beams (2) are respectively provided with at least two mounting seats (24), and each mounting seat (24) is provided with a U-shaped bolt (25) for fixing.
4. The double hybrid fertilizing and seeding machine with automatic control function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the side arm (4) of the dragging roller is provided with a lifting lug (22), and the side plate (1) of the seed and fertilizer box is provided with at least two positioning holes (23) along the swinging arc of the lifting lug (22).
5. The double hybrid fertilizing and seeding machine with automatic control function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the roller ratchet wheel (9) and the motor ratchet wheel (7) are both one-way ratchet wheels, and when the roller ratchet wheel works, the roller ratchet wheel (9) is driven by the outer ring to rotate, and the motor ratchet wheel (7) is driven by the inner ring to rotate.
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| CN201610788585.7A CN107302857B (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2016-08-31 | Double-hybrid fertilizing and seeding machine with automatic control function |
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| CN201610788585.7A CN107302857B (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2016-08-31 | Double-hybrid fertilizing and seeding machine with automatic control function |
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| CN107302857B true CN107302857B (en) | 2020-08-25 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109315098A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-02-12 | 连云港市兴安机械制造有限公司 | A kind of wet field block intelligence rotary tillage fertilizer |
| CN109753003B (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-10-29 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Straw field pickup crushing covers the mating control device and method of compound working tool after broadcasting |
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| CN2301035Y (en) * | 1997-08-05 | 1998-12-23 | 凌得利 | Rotary sower |
| CN2678327Y (en) * | 2004-02-10 | 2005-02-16 | 甘肃农业大学 | Seeder with adjustable seeds and fertilizer box |
| CN2935753Y (en) * | 2005-03-27 | 2007-08-22 | 李月成 | Multifunction applying fertilizer planter |
| CN104871695A (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2015-09-02 | 来安县皖苏农业设备制造有限公司 | Novel fine-control seeder |
| CN204810923U (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-02 | 山西省长治市农业机械研究所 | Millet defective ejaculation volume seeder |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2301035Y (en) * | 1997-08-05 | 1998-12-23 | 凌得利 | Rotary sower |
| CN2678327Y (en) * | 2004-02-10 | 2005-02-16 | 甘肃农业大学 | Seeder with adjustable seeds and fertilizer box |
| CN2935753Y (en) * | 2005-03-27 | 2007-08-22 | 李月成 | Multifunction applying fertilizer planter |
| CN104871695A (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2015-09-02 | 来安县皖苏农业设备制造有限公司 | Novel fine-control seeder |
| CN204810923U (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-02 | 山西省长治市农业机械研究所 | Millet defective ejaculation volume seeder |
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| CN107302857A (en) | 2017-10-31 |
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