CN107296889A - 一种可有效治疗咳嗽的汤剂药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种可有效治疗咳嗽的汤剂药物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107296889A
CN107296889A CN201710652777.XA CN201710652777A CN107296889A CN 107296889 A CN107296889 A CN 107296889A CN 201710652777 A CN201710652777 A CN 201710652777A CN 107296889 A CN107296889 A CN 107296889A
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夏瑜
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Sichuan Jintang Haina Biomedical Technology Institute
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Abstract

本发明属于中药制剂领域，目的是根据中医治疗咳嗽的认识机理而提供的一种可有效治疗咳嗽的汤剂药物，所述药物的各个组分及其质量份比如下：麻黄3～12g、玄参9～16g、桑白皮9～16g、白果5～10g、僵蚕5～10g、冬花5～10g、苏子3～10g、黄柏（炒）3～10g、杏仁5～9g、甘草3～15g、桔梗5～10g、麦冬6～15g、连翘15～30g、金银花10～26g、黄芩3～10g、莱菔子5～10g、射干3～10g、山药（炒）15～35g、半夏3～10g、五味子3～10g；本发明提供的药物是一个很好的中药组方。

Description

一种可有效治疗咳嗽的汤剂药物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于中药制剂领域，具体涉及一种可有效治疗咳嗽的汤剂药物，特别是供咳嗽患者使用的汤剂药物及其制备方法的领域。
背景技术
祖国医学认为：咳嗽是人体清除呼吸道内的分泌物或异物的保护性呼吸反射动作。虽然有其有利的一面，但剧烈长期咳嗽可导致呼吸道出血。正确区分一般咳嗽和咳嗽变异性哮喘，防止误诊。治疗咳嗽应区分咳嗽类型，西药、中药皆可，但以食疗为最佳。
临床表现：
a．咳嗽的性质咳嗽无痰或痰量极少，称为干性咳嗽。干咳或刺激性咳嗽常见于急性或慢性咽喉炎、喉癌、急性支气管炎初期、气管受压、支气管异物、支气管肿瘤、胸膜疾病、原发性肺动脉高压以及二尖瓣狭窄等。咳嗽伴有咳痰称为湿性咳嗽，常见于慢性支气管炎、支气管扩张、肺炎、肺脓肿和空洞型肺结核等。
b．咳嗽的时间与规律突发性咳嗽常由于吸入刺激性气体或异物、淋巴结或肿瘤压迫气管或支气管分叉处所引起。发作性咳嗽可见于百日咳、支气管内膜结核以及以咳嗽为主要症状的支气管哮喘(变异性哮喘)等。长期慢性咳嗽，多见于慢性支气管炎、支气管扩张、肺脓肿及肺结核。夜间咳嗽常见于左心衰竭和肺结核患者，引起夜间咳嗽的原因，可能与夜间肺淤血加重及迷走神经兴奋性增高有关。
c．咳嗽的音色指咳嗽声音的特点。如①咳嗽声音嘶哑，多为声带的炎症或肿瘤压迫喉返神经所致；②鸡鸣样咳嗽，表现为连续阵发性剧咳伴有高调吸气回声，多见于百日咳、会厌、喉部疾患或气管受压；③金属音咳嗽，常见于因纵隔肿瘤、主动脉瘤或支气管癌直接压迫气管所致的咳嗽；④咳嗽声音低微或无力，见于严重肺气肿、声带麻痹及极度衰弱者。
那么，就如何找到一种可效治疗咳嗽的中药组合物，是本领域技术人员亟待要解决的问题。
发明内容
随着我国中医中药学的不断发展，在治疗咳嗽上，人们逐渐意识到了中医治疗咳嗽的优点，且在治疗过程中疗效好、见效快、毒副作用小等优势，针对现有西医治疗咳嗽的现状，本发明的目的是在于提供一种可有效治疗咳嗽的汤剂药物，以解决咳嗽患者早日恢复健康的问题。该药物是以常见的中药为原料，通过选择合理的药物及质量份比，可有效治疗上述咳嗽一证。
为达到上述发明的目的，本发明所采用的技术方案为：提供一种可有效治疗咳嗽的汤剂药物及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述药物的各个组分及其质量份比如下所示：
麻黄3～12g、玄参9～16g、桑白皮9～16g、白果5～10g、僵蚕5～10g、冬花5～10g、苏子3～10g、黄柏（炒）3～10g、杏仁5～9g、甘草3～15g、桔梗5～10g、麦冬6～15g、连翘15～30g、金银花10～26g、黄芩3～10g、莱菔子5～10g、射干3～10g、山药（炒）15～35g、半夏3～10g、五味子3～10g。
一种可有效治疗咳嗽的汤剂药物及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述药物的各个组分及其质量份比如下所示：
麻黄5～11g、玄参10～14g、桑白皮10～14g、白果6～9g、僵蚕6～9g、冬花6～9g、苏子5～9g、黄柏（炒）5～9g、杏仁6～8g、甘草5～13g、桔梗6～9g、麦冬7～13g、连翘18～26g、金银花11～23g、黄芩5～9g、莱菔子6～9g、射干5～9g、山药（炒）18～31g、半夏5～9g、五味子5～9g。
一种可有效治疗咳嗽的汤剂药物及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述“最佳方案”的药物的各个组分及其质量份比如下所示：
麻黄10g、玄参12g、桑白皮12g、白果8g、僵蚕8g、冬花8g、苏子8g、黄柏（炒）8g、杏仁7g、甘草12g、桔梗8g、麦冬12g、连翘23g、金银花20g、黄芩8g、莱菔子8g、射干8g、山药（炒）26g、半夏8g、五味子8g。
一种可有效治疗咳嗽的汤剂药物及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括如下步骤制备而成：
A、将上述原料中药拣去杂质和粉尘后，按照质量份比分别粉碎成粗粒状包煎；
B、①将包好的原料中药放入冷开水中浸泡40min，然后再将浸泡好的药物和浸泡药物的澄清液一并放入砂锅内，注入过药62mm的冷开水进行第一次武火煎煮，待煎煮到15min时，转文火熬制40 min，滤取药液；②药渣中再次注入过药58mm的微温开水进行第二次武火煎煮，待煎煮到10min时，转文火熬制35 min，滤取药液；③将两次药液混合浓缩成50%的中药液540ml（毫升）即可。
一种可有效治疗咳嗽的汤剂药物及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述服用方法为：将制备好的中药液以一天服用，早中晚各服一次，给药量180ml（毫升）/次，趁温服。3天为一个疗程，服药2～3个疗程，症状消失，病获痊愈。
本发明组方中的各原料中药在中国药典、中国辞典以及中华本草中均有详细的记载。本发明选用其中最常见的中药为原料，充分发挥各组分的药理功效：
麻黄，性味：辛；微苦、性温，具有发汗解表、宣肺平喘、利水消肿之功效，用于治疗风寒表实证、恶寒发热、无汗、头痛身疼、；邪壅于肺、肺气不宣、咳嗽气喘、风水肿、小便不利、风湿痹痛、肌肤不仁以及风疹瘙痒、阴疽痰核等症；
玄参，性味：甘、苦、咸、微寒，具有凉血滋阴、泻火解毒之功效，用于治疗热病伤阴、舌绛烦渴、温毒发斑、津伤便秘、骨蒸劳嗽、目赤、咽痛、瘰疠、白喉、痈肿疮毒；
桑白皮，性味：味甘、辛、性寒，具有泻肺平喘、利水消肿之功效，用于治疗肺热喘咳痰、水饮停肺、胀满喘急、水肿、脚气、小便不利；
白果，性味：甘、苦、涩、平，有毒，具有敛肺定喘、止带浊、缩小便之功效，用于治疗痰多喘咳、带下白浊、遗尿尿频；
僵蚕，性味：咸、辛、平，具有祛风定惊、化痰散结之功效，用于治疗惊风抽搐、咽喉肿痛、皮肤瘙痒、颌下淋巴结炎、面神经麻痹等症；
冬花，性味：辛、微苦、温，具有润肺下气、止咳化痰之功效，用于治疗新久咳嗽、喘咳痰多、劳嗽咳血；
苏子，性味：辛、温，具有降气消痰、平喘、润肠之功效，用于治疗痰壅气逆、咳嗽气喘、肠燥便秘；
黄柏（炒），性味：苦、寒，具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒之功效，用于治疗湿热痢疾、泄泻、黄疸、梦遗、淋浊、带下、骨蒸劳热、以及口舌生疮、目赤肿痛、痈疽疮毒、皮肤湿疹；
杏仁，性味：苦、微温，有小毒，具有降气止咳平喘、润肠通便之功效，用于治疗咳嗽气喘、胸满痰多、血虚津枯、肠燥便秘；
甘草，性味：甘、平，具有益气补中、缓急止痛、润肺止咳、泻火解毒、调和诸药之功效，用于治疗倦怠食少、肌瘦面黄、心悸气短、腹痛便溏、四肢挛急疼痛、脏躁、咳嗽气喘、咽喉肿痛、痈疮肿痛、小儿胎毒及药物、食物中毒；
桔梗，性味：性平、味苦、辛，有小毒，具有祛痰、利咽、宣肺、排脓、利五脏、补气血、补五劳、养气之功效，用于治疗咽喉肿痛、肺痈吐脓、咳嗽痰多、痢疾腹痛、胞满胁痛、口舌生疮、赤目肿痛、小便癃闭等；
麦冬，性味：甘、微苦、微寒，具有养阴生津、润肺清心之功效，用于治疗肺燥干咳、虚痨咳嗽、津伤口渴、心烦失眠、内热消渴、肠燥便秘、咽白喉等症；
连翘，性味：苦、凉，具有清热、解毒、散结、消肿之功效，用于治疗温热、丹毒、斑疹、痈疡肿毒、瘰疬、小便淋闭等症；
金银花，性味：甘、寒，具有清热解毒之功效，用于治疗温病发热、热毒血痢、痈肿疔疮、喉痹及多种感染性疾病；
黄芩，性味：苦、寒，具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒、止血、安胎之功效，用于治疗湿温、暑温胸闷呕恶、湿热痞满、泻痢、黄疸、肺热咳嗽、高热烦渴、血热吐衄、痈肿疮毒、胎动不安；
莱菔子，性味：味辛、甘、性平，具有消食导滞、降气化痰之功效，用于治疗食积气滞、脘腹胀满、腹泻、下痢后重、咳嗽多痰、气逆喘满；
射干，性味：苦、寒，具有清热解毒、消痰、利咽之功效，用于治疗热毒痰火郁结、咽喉肿痛、痰涎壅盛、咳嗽气喘；
山药（炒），性味：甘、平，具有健脾、补肺、固肾、益精之功效，用于治疗脾虚泄泻、久痢、虚劳咳嗽、消渴、遗精、带下、小便频数；另具补脾养胃、生津益肺、补肾涩精之功效，用于脾虚食少、久泻不止、肺虚喘咳、肾虚遗精、带下、尿频、虚热消渴；
半夏，性味：辛、温，有毒，具有燥湿化痰、降逆止呕、消痞散结之功效，用于治疗痰多咳喘、痰饮眩悸、风痰眩晕、痰厥头痛、呕吐反胃、胸脘痞闷、梅核气，生用外治痈肿痰核，姜半夏多用于降逆止呕；
五味子，性味：酸、甘、温，具有收敛固涩、益气生津、补肾宁心之功效，用于治疗久泻不止、久咳虚喘、心悸、失眠、多梦、自汗、盗汗、津伤口渴、消渴、遗精、滑精等症。
本发明药物是基于中医治疗咳嗽的原则，从依据咳嗽的病理机制及药理作用认为：就咳嗽一证，本发明所提供的药物中的各原料中药药效共奏，对上述疾病有很好的治疗效果。
具体实施方式
本发明就是针对上述咳嗽的治疗而提出的一种中药配方，采用该配方制备的药物药效好，见效快，是一个标本兼治的中药组方，特别适合临床使用。下面结合本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的描述：
实施例1：
一种可有效治疗咳嗽的汤剂药物，其特征在于，所述药物的各个组分及其质量份比如下所示：
麻黄10g、玄参12g、桑白皮12g、白果8g、僵蚕8g、冬花8g、苏子8g、黄柏（炒）8g、杏仁7g、甘草12g、桔梗8g、麦冬12g、连翘23g、金银花20g、黄芩8g、莱菔子8g、射干8g、山药（炒）26g、半夏8g、五味子8g。
实施例2：
一种可有效治疗咳嗽的汤剂药物，其特征在于，所述药物的各个组分及其质量份比如下所示：
麻黄11g、玄参14g、桑白皮14g、白果9g、僵蚕9g、冬花9g、苏子9g、黄柏（炒）9g、杏仁8g、甘草13g、桔梗9g、麦冬13g、连翘26g、金银花23g、黄芩9g、莱菔子9g、射干9g、山药（炒）31g、半夏9g、五味子9g。
实施例3：
一种可有效治疗咳嗽的汤剂药物，其特征在于，所述药物的各个组分及其质量份比如下所示：
麻黄12g、玄参16g、桑白皮16g、白果10g、僵蚕10g、冬花10g、苏子10g、黄柏（炒）10g、杏仁9g、甘草15g、桔梗10g、麦冬15g、连翘30g、金银花26g、黄芩10g、莱菔子10g、射干10g、山药（炒）35g、半夏10g、五味子10g。
典型病例
经临床诊断治疗咳嗽患者共1000例，年龄为15岁以上的720例，只有280例为15岁以下。1000例患者中痊愈的885例，有效的115例。总有效率达100%。

Claims (3)

1.一种可有效治疗咳嗽的汤剂药物，其特征在于，所述药物的各个组分及其质量份比如下所示：
麻黄3～12g、玄参9～16g、桑白皮9～16g、白果5～10g、僵蚕5～10g、冬花5～10g、苏子3～10g、黄柏（炒）3～10g、杏仁5～9g、甘草3～15g、桔梗5～10g、麦冬6～15g、连翘15～30g、金银花10～26g、黄芩3～10g、莱菔子5～10g、射干3～10g、山药（炒）15～35g、半夏3～10g、五味子3～10g。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可有效治疗咳嗽的汤剂药物，其特征在于，所述药物的各个组分及其质量份比如下所示：
麻黄5～11g、玄参10～14g、桑白皮10～14g、白果6～9g、僵蚕6～9g、冬花6～9g、苏子5～9g、黄柏（炒）5～9g、杏仁6～8g、甘草5～13g、桔梗6～9g、麦冬7～13g、连翘18～26g、金银花11～23g、黄芩5～9g、莱菔子6～9g、射干5～9g、山药（炒）18～31g、半夏5～9g、五味子5～9g。
3.根据权利要求1至2所述的可有效治疗咳嗽的汤剂药物，其特征在于，所述药物的各个组分及其质量份比如下所示：
麻黄10g、玄参12g、桑白皮12g、白果8g、僵蚕8g、冬花8g、苏子8g、黄柏（炒）8g、杏仁7g、甘草12g、桔梗8g、麦冬12g、连翘23g、金银花20g、黄芩8g、莱菔子8g、射干8g、山药（炒）26g、半夏8g、五味子8g。
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