CN107288607B - A method of utilizing the nearly well fracturing fracture of Gd neutron tracer yield imaging in evaluation - Google Patents
A method of utilizing the nearly well fracturing fracture of Gd neutron tracer yield imaging in evaluation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107288607B CN107288607B CN201710608786.9A CN201710608786A CN107288607B CN 107288607 B CN107288607 B CN 107288607B CN 201710608786 A CN201710608786 A CN 201710608786A CN 107288607 B CN107288607 B CN 107288607B
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Gd+3].[Gd+3] CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007476 Maximum Likelihood Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000021760 high fever Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001730 gamma-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/002—Survey of boreholes or wells by visual inspection
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods using the nearly well fracturing fracture of Gd neutron tracer yield imaging in evaluation, and in particular to petroleum natural gas exploration technical field.This method is included in addition high fever capture cross-section material Gd in proppant2O3, acted on using neutron and Gd, by designing combined array gamma Image-forming instrument, obtain Gd yield and the wellbore macroscopic capture cross-section of different direction, carry out nearly well fracturing fracture imaging.Stratum is by after pressure break, and into stratum, injection is equipped with the Gd with high capture cross-section2O3The proppant of material；The mixing gamma spectra of different direction is obtained using orientation gamma Image-forming instrument measurement, processing obtains the crack imaging figure of well week Gd yield, and then determines fracture orientation, height, width and inclination angle using it.The assessment techniques such as relatively existing radioactivity and on-radiation crack have the characteristics that underground crack identification visualization, "dead" pollution, fracture orientation, height, width and inclination angle identify accurate, high sensitivity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to petroleum natural gas exploration technical field more particularly to it is a kind of using Gd neutron tracer yield at
Method as evaluating nearly well fracturing fracture.
Background technique
Hydraulic fracturing is widely used in petroleum gas as a kind of yield-increasing technology, and especially shale oil gas etc. is unconventional
The exploitation of oil-gas reservoir.It mainly utilizes hydraulic pressure by lithosphere pressure break, injects proppant and forms man-made fracture, changes simultaneously reservoir
Percolation ability, so that making wherein petroleum or natural gas be capable of forming industrialness gas stream carries out output.Accurately evaluate proppant
The height of position and nearly wellbore fracturing fracture, width orientation and inclination angle are for the design of fracturing model, the assessment of unconventional oil and gas
There is important value with optimization volume increase.
Currently, the nuclear logging evaluation method of nearly wellbore fracturing fracture mainly has radioactive tracer measurement and on-radiation tracer
Measure two kinds of technologies.Radioactivity survey technology in proppant or fracturing fluid mainly by adding the same position of radioactive tracer
Then plain such as scandium, iridium log well using before natural gamma or natural gamma-ray spectrometry progress pressure break and after pressure break, compare pressure break
The difference of front and back Gama Count evaluates the fracturing fracture position of generation.Due to being limited, being stored by safety, environmental protection and transport
And the limitation of requirement, the popularization of radioactive tracer proppant are restricted.
Existing on-radiation tracer measuring technique utilizes neutron and branch by increasing high capture cross-section material in proppant
Agent effect is supportted, before pressure break and after pressure break, is utilized respectively compensated neutron instrument (CNL) or pulsed neutron capture instrument (PNC)
It logs well, the variation of close, far detector thermal neutron counting rate or capture cross-section or calculating high fever prisoner by comparison front and back
The capture Gama Count for obtaining cross sectional elements generation, determines fracturing fracture position and height；But there are underground cracks intuitively to show
Show, and fracture width, orientation and inclination angle cannot accurately determine the deficiencies of larger by wellbore remaining influence simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is in view of the above deficiencies, propose one kind can accurately carry out fracture height, width, orientation
And the method for determining the use of the nearly well fracturing fracture of Gd neutron tracer yield imaging in evaluation at inclination angle.
The present invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme that
A method of it is high by being added in proppant using the nearly well fracturing fracture of Gd neutron tracer yield imaging in evaluation
Capture cross-section material is acted on using Gd in neutron and proppant, by array orientation gamma instrument and neutron instrument, is obtained different
The Gd yield and wellbore in orientation capture gamma, carry out crack imaging, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1: stratum injects the tagged propping agents containing Gd2O3 into fracture formation after hydraulic fracturing；
Step 2: array orientation gamma instrument and neutron measurement instrument measurement capture gamma spectra and thermal neutron time are utilized
Spectrum；
Step 3: processing mixing capture gamma spectra obtains Gd yield and the wellbore macroscopic capture cross-section of different direction, benefit
Well week crack imaging is carried out with Gd yield, and then determines crack relevant parameter；
Step 4: the remaining correction of wellbore proppant is carried out using wellbore macroscopic capture cross-section, eliminates wellbore remaining influence.
Preferably, the tagged propping agents in the step 1 are using quartz sand as main material, mixing Gd2O3 powder fire and
At the percentage that Gd2O3 accounts for tagged propping agents total amount is 0.15%-1.0%.
Preferably, the array orientation gamma instrument in the step 2 includes the gamma of a D-T neutron source, 3 or more
Detector and at least one thermal-neutron detector.
Preferably, utilize is different direction Gd yield for imaging in the step 3.
Preferably, processing capture gamma spectra uses maximum likelihood method in the step 3.
Preferably, in the step 4, thermal neutron time spectrum is recorded using thermal-neutron detector to determine that wellbore macroscopic view is captureed
Section is obtained, and then carries out the remaining correction of wellbore proppant.
It injects and is furnished with high capture cross-section first in fractured well the invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention
Gd2O3The proppant of material is measured using orientation gamma Image-forming instrument, is then utilized maximum likelihood Spectra Unfolding Methods, is handled
It is determined to the crack imaging figure of well week Gd yield, and then using its calculating for carrying out the geometric parameters such as fracture width, inclination angle, relatively
Existing fracture evaluation technology, the accurate, high sensitivity with the visualization of underground crack identification, fracture width, inclination angle and orientation recognition
The features such as.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is array orientation gamma instrument front view；
Fig. 2 is schematic cross-section of the array orientation gamma instrument at gamma detector；
Fig. 3 is that proppant detects the measurement front view for determining vertical fractures；
Fig. 4 is that proppant detects diagrammatic cross-section of the measurement for determining vertical fractures at gamma detector；
Fig. 5 is that proppant detects the crack imaging result for determining the measurement of vertical fractures；
Fig. 6 is that proppant detects the measurement front view for determining dipping fracture；
Fig. 7 is to support agent to detect diagrammatic cross-section of the measurement for determining dipping fracture at gamma detector；
Fig. 8 is to support agent to detect the crack imaging result for determining dipping fracture；
Fig. 9 is the remaining influence result figure of proppant wellbore；
Figure 10 is the remaining influence correction chart of proppant wellbore.
Wherein, 1 is D-T neutron source, and 2 be shield, and 3 be thermal-neutron detector, and 4 be gamma detector, and 5 open for detector
Mouth slot, 6 be cement sheath, and 7 be wellbore fluid, and 8 be casing, and 9 be tight sand formation, and 10 be crack area, and 11 be measuring instrument,
12 distribution for crack on well week, 13 be dipping fracture, and 14 be wellbore, and 15 be dipping fracture at gamma detector
Section schematic diagram, 16 be formation imaging region, and 17 be dipping fracture imaging region figure, and 18 be shell.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is described further in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments:
As Figure 1-Figure 2, a method of using the nearly well fracturing fracture of Gd neutron tracer yield imaging in evaluation, by
Add high capture cross-section material in proppant, acted on using Gd in neutron and proppant, by array orientation gamma instrument and in
Sub- instrument obtains Gd yield and the wellbore capture gamma of different direction, carries out crack imaging, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1: stratum injects the tagged propping agents containing Gd2O3 into fracture formation after hydraulic fracturing；
Step 2: array orientation gamma instrument and neutron measurement instrument measurement capture gamma spectra and thermal neutron time are utilized
Spectrum；
Step 3: processing mixing capture gamma spectra obtains Gd yield and the wellbore macroscopic capture cross-section of different direction, benefit
Well week crack imaging is carried out with Gd yield, and then determines crack relevant parameter；When determining the parameter in crack, do not have crannied position
The yield of the Gd of solution is 0, and crannied position, the yield of Gd is not 0, can be with according to Gd yield crack imaging figure after processing
The parameters such as width, inclination angle, the orientation in crack are therefrom calculated.
Step 4: the remaining correction of wellbore proppant is carried out using wellbore macroscopic capture cross-section, eliminates wellbore remaining influence.
Tagged propping agents in step 1 are using quartz sand as main material, and mixing Gd2O3 powder is fired, and Gd2O3 accounts for mark
The percentage for remembering proppant total amount is 0.15%-1.0%.
Array orientation gamma instrument in step 2 includes shell 18, be equipped in shell 18 D-T neutron source 1,3 with
On gamma detector 4 and at least one thermal-neutron detector 3, each gamma detector is circumferentially arranged, between each gamma detector 4
Mutually it is at an angle and by shield 2 mutually shield, and each gamma detector carry out fluting formed detector opening
Slot 5.
What imaging utilized in step 3 is different direction Gd yield.
Processing capture gamma spectra uses maximum likelihood method in step 3.
In step 4, thermal neutron time spectrum is recorded to determine wellbore macroscopic capture cross-section, in turn using thermal-neutron detector
Carry out the remaining correction of wellbore proppant.
It as shown in Figure 3-Figure 5, is above-mentioned instrument at the front view, gamma detector of underground progress vertical fracture measurement
Diagrammatic cross-section and crack imaging result.When continuing underground survey, cooperate cement sheath 6, wellbore fluid 7, casing 8, fine and close sand
Rock stratum 9, (wherein filling contains Gd to crack area 102O3Tagged propping agents), measuring instrument 11, crack well week on distribution
Range 12, casing 8, cement sheath 6, wellbore fluid 7 (generally fresh water), light tone region is crack, dark-coloured area in crack imaging figure
Domain is stratum, and abscissa is orientation in crack imaging figure, and ordinate is depth, the formation condition of the example are as follows: 5% porosity
Tight sand fills fresh water in hole.
It as Figure 6-Figure 8, is above-mentioned instrument at the front view, gamma detector of underground progress dipping fracture measurement
Diagrammatic cross-section and crack imaging result.When continuing underground survey, cooperate dipping fracture 13 (wherein filling tagged propping agents),
Tight sand formation 9, azimuth gamma well-logging instrument, wellbore 14, section schematic diagram 15 of the dipping fracture 13 at gamma detector,
Formation imaging region 16, dipping fracture imaging region Figure 17, abscissa is orientation in crack imaging figure, and ordinate is depth, should
The formation condition of example are as follows: the tight sand of 5% porosity fills fresh water in hole.
As shown in figure 9, abscissa is remaining tagged propping agents content in wellbore, ordinate is to solve to obtain Gd yield；By
The Gd yield that the residual of proppant causes solution to obtain in wellbore increased dramatically, and can cause to Gd yield crack imaging very big
Interference.In addition, the formation condition of the example: the tight sand formation of 5% porosity, there are the vertical fractures of a 0.3cm, split
Proppant containing Gd is filled in seam, label proppant concentration changes to 0.08% from 0% in wellbore, change interval 0.01%.
As shown in Figure 10, correcting plate is remained for wellbore proppant, abscissa is wellbore macroscopic capture cross-section, and ordinate is
Gd yield caused by being remained due to wellbore proppant is changed, and agent residual timing is being supported, first with thermal neutron time spectrum
Wellbore macroscopic capture cross-section value is calculated, is then corrected using Gd yield of the Fig. 6 to each orientation.
The determination of fracture width and orientation: by taking vertical fracture as an example, 10 be crack area in Fig. 3, in the crack Jing Zhoushang area
The frontier distance in domain is the width d in crack, and the orientation in crack can be combined by position of the crack area on well week in image
Inclinometer during practical logging is determined.
The determination of fracture dip: by taking dipping fracture as an example, 13 in 64 be crack area.Assuming that borehole diameter is D, imaging
The distance between highs and lows of crack boundary are H in figure, then the inclination angle theta of fracture surface can indicate are as follows:
θ=arctan (H/D)
To sum up, the present invention carries out on-radiation Gd in such a way that tagged propping agents and array orientation gamma instrument are united and shows
The method of track yield imaging evaluates hydraulically created fracture, and relative to current hydraulic fracturing evaluation method, it is by underground crack
Intuitive to present, the relevant parameters such as width, orientation and the inclination angle in crack can be calculated accurately, can be carried out to hydraulically created fracture
Exact evaluation provides support for the optimization of fractured model and the volume increase of reservoir, has precision high, is applicable in wide, single measurement, underground
The features such as crack visualizes.
Certainly, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is also not limited to the example above, this technology neck
The variations, modifications, additions or substitutions that the technical staff in domain is made within the essential scope of the present invention also should belong to of the invention
Protection scope.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method using the nearly well fracturing fracture of Gd neutron tracer yield imaging in evaluation, which is characterized in that by supporting
High capture cross-section material is added in agent, is acted on using Gd in neutron and proppant, is passed through array orientation gamma instrument and Neutron
Device obtains Gd yield and the wellbore capture gamma of different direction, carries out crack imaging, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1: stratum is after hydraulic fracturing, and into fracture formation, injection contains Gd2O3Tagged propping agents；
Step 2: array orientation gamma instrument and neutron measurement instrument measurement capture gamma spectra and thermal neutron time spectrum are utilized；
Array orientation gamma instrument includes the gamma detector and at least one thermal-neutron detector of a D-T neutron source, 3 or more,
Each gamma detector is circumferentially arranged, mutually at an angle between each gamma detector and shielded mutually by shield, and each
A gamma detector carries out fluting and forms detector open slot；
Step 3: processing mixing capture gamma spectra obtains Gd yield and the wellbore macroscopic capture cross-section of different direction, utilizes Gd
Yield carries out well week crack imaging, and then determines crack relevant parameter；
Step 4: the remaining correction of wellbore proppant is carried out using wellbore macroscopic capture cross-section, eliminates wellbore remaining influence.
2. a kind of method using the nearly well fracturing fracture of Gd neutron tracer yield imaging in evaluation as described in claim 1, special
Sign is that the tagged propping agents in the step 1 mix Gd using quartz sand as main material2O3Powder is fired, Gd2O3It accounts for
The percentage of tagged propping agents total amount is 0.15%-1.0%.
3. a kind of method using the nearly well fracturing fracture of Gd neutron tracer yield imaging in evaluation as described in claim 1, special
Sign is that imaging utilized in the step 3 is different direction Gd yield.
4. a kind of method using the nearly well fracturing fracture of Gd neutron tracer yield imaging in evaluation as claimed in claim 3, special
Sign is that processing capture gamma spectra uses maximum likelihood method in the step 3.
5. a kind of method using the nearly well fracturing fracture of Gd neutron tracer yield imaging in evaluation as described in claim 1, special
Sign is, in the step 4, determines wellbore macroscopic capture cross-section using thermal-neutron detector record thermal neutron time spectrum, into
And carry out the remaining correction of wellbore proppant.
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| CN108490487B (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2019-10-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The new method of nearly well fracture parameters is determined using well test data |
| CN108562515B (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2023-11-28 | 东北大学 | Multi-factor test system for crack rock mass grouting slurry diffusion |
| CN109401747A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-03-01 | 重庆长江造型材料（集团）股份有限公司 | A kind of riverfrac treatment proppant |
| CN109577958A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-04-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for evaluating tracing ceramsite fracturing joint width by pulse neutron logging time spectrum |
| CN109827848B (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2021-05-25 | 中国矿业大学 | Oil and gas reservoir fracturing fracture expansion simulation dynamic monitoring system and method |
| CN110566190B (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2021-02-19 | 西南石油大学 | Method for tracking motion trail of intra-slit proppant under high-particle-concentration experimental condition |
| CN112392454B (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2023-02-03 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Fracture bulk density quantitative calculation method based on neutron activation analysis self-shielding correction |
| CN114456797A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-05-10 | 河南天祥新材料股份有限公司 | Ceramic tracing proppant |
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| US5595245A (en) * | 1995-08-04 | 1997-01-21 | Scott, Iii; George L. | Systems of injecting phenolic resin activator during subsurface fracture stimulation for enhanced oil recovery |
| US20120031613A1 (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2012-02-09 | Momentive Specialty Chemicals Inc. | Methods and compositions for determination of fracture geometry in subterranean formations |
| US8100177B2 (en) * | 2008-02-20 | 2012-01-24 | Carbo Ceramics, Inc. | Method of logging a well using a thermal neutron absorbing material |
| CN201835828U (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2011-05-18 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Dipulse neutron gamma-ray spectrum logging unit |
| CN102518431B (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2015-04-22 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Multi-parameter logging method while drilling based on controllable neutron source |
| CN103775057B (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2016-08-17 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for identifying effective reservoir of tight oil and gas reservoir |
| WO2016010525A1 (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2016-01-21 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Metal-organic frameworks as porous proppants |
| CN104963677B (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2019-03-22 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A method of it is detected using proppant and determines fracturing fracture height |
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