CN107288607A - A kind of method of the nearly well fracturing fracture of utilization Gd neutrons spike yield imaging in evaluation - Google Patents
A kind of method of the nearly well fracturing fracture of utilization Gd neutrons spike yield imaging in evaluation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107288607A CN107288607A CN201710608786.9A CN201710608786A CN107288607A CN 107288607 A CN107288607 A CN 107288607A CN 201710608786 A CN201710608786 A CN 201710608786A CN 107288607 A CN107288607 A CN 107288607A
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Gd+3].[Gd+3] CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007476 Maximum Likelihood Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 206010020741 Hyperpyrexia Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001730 gamma-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/002—Survey of boreholes or wells by visual inspection
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of the nearly well fracturing fracture of utilization Gd neutrons spike yield imaging in evaluation, and in particular to petroleum natural gas exploration technical field.This method, which is included in proppant, adds hyperpyrexia capture cross-section material Gd2O3, acted on using neutron and Gd, by designing the array gamma Image-forming instrument of combination, obtain Gd yields and the well macroscopic capture cross-section of different azimuth, carry out nearly well fracturing fracture imaging.Stratum is by after pressure break, and into stratum, injection is furnished with the Gd with high capture cross-section2O3The proppant of material；The mixing gamma spectra of different azimuth is obtained using orientation gamma Image-forming instrument measurement, processing obtains the crack image of well week Gd yields, and then utilizes its determination fracture orientation, height, width and inclination angle.The assessment technique such as relatively existing radioactivity and on-radiation crack, with the features such as the identification of the visualization of underground crack identification, "dead" pollution, fracture orientation, height, width and inclination angle is accurate, sensitivity is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to petroleum natural gas exploration technical field, more particularly to it is a kind of using Gd neutron spike yields into
Method as evaluating nearly well fracturing fracture.
Background technology
Hydraulic fracturing is widely used in petroleum gas, especially shale oil gas etc. unconventional as a kind of yield-increasing technology
The exploitation of oil-gas reservoir.It mainly uses hydraulic pressure by lithosphere pressure break, injection proppant formation man-made fracture, while changing reservoir
Percolation ability, so that its petrochina or natural gas can form industrialness gas stream and carry out output.Proppant is evaluated exactly
Height, width orientation and the inclination angle of position and nearly well fracturing fracture are for the design of fracturing model, the assessment of unconventionaloil pool
There is important value with optimization volume increase.
At present, the nuclear logging evaluation method of nearly well fracturing fracture mainly has radioactive tracer to measure and on-radiation spike
Measure two kinds of technologies.Radioactivity survey technology in proppant or fracturing fluid mainly by adding the same position of radioactive tracer
Plain such as scandium, iridium, are then carried out logging well before pressure break and after pressure break using natural gamma or natural gamma-ray spectrometry, contrast pressure break
The difference of front and rear Gama Count, evaluates the fracturing fracture position produced.Due to being limited, being stored by safety, environmental protection and transport
And the limitation of use requirement, radioactive tracer proppant promote be restricted.
Existing on-radiation spike e measurement technology utilizes neutron and branch by increasing high capture cross-section material in proppant
Agent effect is supportted, before pressure break and after pressure break, compensated neutron instrument (CNL) or pulsed neutron capture instrument (PNC) is utilized respectively
Logged well, captureed by the change or calculating hyperpyrexia of near, far detector thermal neutron counting rate or capture cross-section before and after contrast
The capture Gama Count of cross sectional elements generation is obtained, fracturing fracture position and height is determined；But there is underground crack can not intuitively show
Show, and fracture width, orientation and inclination angle can not be accurately determined simultaneously by the deficiency such as well remaining influence is larger.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to be directed to above-mentioned deficiency, it is proposed that one kind can accurately carry out fracture height, width, orientation
And the method for determining with the nearly well fracturing fracture of Gd neutron spike yield imaging in evaluation at inclination angle.
The present invention is specifically adopted the following technical scheme that：
The method of the nearly well fracturing fracture of a kind of utilization Gd neutrons spike yield imaging in evaluation, by adding high in proppant
Capture cross-section material, is acted on using Gd in neutron and proppant, by array orientation gamma instrument and neutron instrument, obtains different
Gd yields and well the capture gamma in orientation, carry out crack imaging, specifically include following steps：
Step one：Stratum injects the tagged propping agents containing Gd2O3 into fracture formation after hydraulic fracturing；
Step 2：Utilize array orientation gamma instrument and neutron measurement instrument measurement capture gamma spectra and thermal neutron time
Spectrum；
Step 3：Processing mixing capture gamma spectra obtains Gd yields and the well macroscopic capture cross-section of different azimuth, profit
Well circumscissile is carried out with Gd yields and is seamed into picture, and then determines crack relevant parameter；
Step 4：The correction of well proppant residual is carried out using well macroscopic capture cross-section, well remaining influence is eliminated.
Preferably, the tagged propping agents in the step one are using quartz sand as main material, mixing Gd2O3 powder fire and
Into the percentage that Gd2O3 accounts for tagged propping agents total amount is 0.15%-1.0%.
Preferably, the array orientation gamma instrument in the step 2 includes D-T neutron sources, the gamma of more than 3
Detector and at least one thermal-neutron detector.
Preferably, in the step 3 imaging utilize is different azimuth Gd yields.
Preferably, processing capture gamma spectra uses maximum likelihood method in the step 3.
Preferably, in the step 4, record thermal neutron time spectrum using thermal-neutron detector to determine well macroscopic view prisoner
Section is obtained, and then carries out the correction of well proppant residual.
The present invention has the advantages that：Present invention injection first in fractured well is furnished with high capture cross-section
Gd2O3The proppant of material, is measured using orientation gamma Image-forming instrument, then using maximum likelihood Spectra Unfolding Methods, handled
Determined to the crack image of well week Gd yields, and then using its calculating for carrying out the geometric parameters such as fracture width, inclination angle, relatively
Existing fracture evaluation technology, with the visualization of underground crack identification, fracture width, inclination angle and orientation recognition is accurate, sensitivity is high
The features such as.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is array orientation gamma instrument front view；
Fig. 2 is schematic cross-section of the array orientation gamma instrument at gamma detector；
Fig. 3 is that proppant detects the measurement front view for determining vertical fractures；
Fig. 4 is that proppant detects diagrammatic cross-section of the measurement for determining vertical fractures at gamma detector；
Fig. 5 is the crack imaging results that proppant detects the measurement for determining vertical fractures；
Fig. 6 is that proppant detects the measurement front view for determining dipping fracture；
Fig. 7 determines that the measurement of dipping fracture is located at the diagrammatic cross-section at gamma detector for support agent detection；
Fig. 8 determines the crack imaging results of dipping fracture for support agent detection；
Fig. 9 is the influence result figure that proppant well is remained；
Figure 10 is the influence correction chart that proppant well is remained.
Wherein, 1 is D-T neutron sources, and 2 be shield, and 3 be thermal-neutron detector, and 4 be gamma detector, and 5 open for detector
Mouth groove, 6 be cement sheath, and 7 be wellbore fluid, and 8 be sleeve pipe, and 9 be tight sand formation, and 10 be crack area, and 11 be measuring instrument,
12 be distribution of the crack on well week, and 13 be dipping fracture, and 14 be well, and 15 be dipping fracture at gamma detector
Tangent plane schematic diagram, 16 be formation imaging region, and 17 be dipping fracture imaging region figure, and 18 be shell.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described further with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
As Figure 1-Figure 2, the method for the nearly well fracturing fracture of a kind of utilization Gd neutrons spike yield imaging in evaluation, by
High capture cross-section material is added in proppant, is acted on using Gd in neutron and proppant, by array orientation gamma instrument and in
Sub- instrument, obtains Gd yields and the well capture gamma of different azimuth, carries out crack imaging, specifically include following steps：
Step one：Stratum injects the tagged propping agents containing Gd2O3 into fracture formation after hydraulic fracturing；
Step 2：Utilize array orientation gamma instrument and neutron measurement instrument measurement capture gamma spectra and thermal neutron time
Spectrum；
Step 3：Processing mixing capture gamma spectra obtains Gd yields and the well macroscopic capture cross-section of different azimuth, profit
Well circumscissile is carried out with Gd yields and is seamed into picture, and then determines crack relevant parameter；When determining the parameter in crack, do not have crannied position
The Gd of solution yield is 0, crannied position, and Gd yield is not 0, according to Gd yields crack image after processing, can be with
Therefrom calculate and obtain the parameters such as width, inclination angle, the orientation in crack.
Step 4：The correction of well proppant residual is carried out using well macroscopic capture cross-section, well remaining influence is eliminated.
Tagged propping agents in step one are using quartz sand as main material, and mixing Gd2O3 powder, which is fired, to be formed, and Gd2O3 accounts for mark
The percentage for remembering proppant total amount is 0.15%-1.0%.
Array orientation gamma instrument in step 2 include in shell 18, shell 18 provided with a D-T neutron sources 1,3 with
On gamma detector 4 and at least one thermal-neutron detector 3, each gamma detector is circumferentially disposed, between each gamma detector 4
It is mutually at an angle and shielded mutually by shield 2, and each gamma detector carries out fluting and forms detector opening
Groove 5.
What imaging was utilized in step 3 is different azimuth Gd yields.
Processing capture gamma spectra uses maximum likelihood method in step 3.
In step 4, record thermal neutron time spectrum to determine well macroscopic capture cross-section using thermal-neutron detector, and then
Carry out the correction of well proppant residual.
As shown in Figure 3-Figure 5, at the front view of vertical fracture measurement that to be above-mentioned instrument carried out in underground, gamma detector
Diagrammatic cross-section and crack imaging results.When continuing underground survey, coordinate cement sheath 6, wellbore fluid 7, sleeve pipe 8, fine and close sand
Rock stratum 9, (wherein filling contains Gd to crack area 102O3Tagged propping agents), measuring instrument 11, crack well week on distribution
Light tone region is crack, dark-coloured area in scope 12, sleeve pipe 8, cement sheath 6, wellbore fluid 7 (generally fresh water), crack image
Domain is that abscissa is orientation in stratum, crack image, and ordinate is depth, and the formation condition of the example is：5% porosity
Fresh water is filled in tight sand, hole.
As Figure 6-Figure 8, at the front view of dipping fracture measurement that to be above-mentioned instrument carried out in underground, gamma detector
Diagrammatic cross-section and crack imaging results.When continuing underground survey, coordinate dipping fracture 13 (wherein filling tagged propping agents),
Tight sand formation 9, azimuth gamma well-logging instrument, well 14, tangent plane schematic diagram 15 of the dipping fracture 13 at gamma detector,
Abscissa is orientation in formation imaging region 16, dipping fracture imaging region Figure 17, crack image, and ordinate is depth, should
The formation condition of example is：Fresh water is filled in the tight sand of 5% porosity, hole.
As shown in figure 9, abscissa is the tagged propping agents content remained in well, ordinate is to solve to obtain Gd yields；By
The residual of proppant, which causes to solve obtained Gd yields, in well increased dramatically, and can cause very big to the imaging of Gd yields crack
Interference.In addition, the formation condition of the example：The tight sand formation of 5% porosity, the vertical fractures that there is a 0.3cm, splits
Mark proppant concentration in proppant containing Gd, well is filled in seam and changes to 0.08% from 0%, change interval is 0.01%.
As shown in Figure 10, it is well proppant residual correcting plate, abscissa is well macroscopic capture cross-section, and ordinate is
Due to Gd yields change caused by well proppant residual, agent residual timing is being supported, first with thermal neutron time spectrum
Well macroscopic capture cross-section value is calculated, then the Gd yields in each orientation are corrected using Fig. 6.
The determination of fracture width and orientation：By taking vertical fracture as an example, 10 be crack area in Fig. 3, in Jing Zhoushang cracks area
The frontier distance in domain is that the orientation in crack in the width d in crack, image can be combined by position of the crack area on well week
Inclinometer during practical logging is determined.
The determination of fracture dip：By taking dipping fracture as an example, 13 in 64 be crack area.Assuming that borehole diameter is D, imaging
The distance between highs and lows of crack boundary are H in figure, then the inclination angle theta of fracture surface can be expressed as：
θ=arctan (H/D)
To sum up, the present invention carries out on-radiation Gd using tagged propping agents and the united mode of array orientation gamma instrument and shown
The method of track yield imaging evaluates hydraulically created fracture, relative to current hydraulic fracturing evaluation method, and it is by underground crack
Intuitively present, the relevant parameter such as width, orientation and the inclination angle in crack can be calculated accurately, hydraulically created fracture can be carried out
Exact evaluation, the volume increase of optimization and reservoir for fractured model provides support, high with precision, is applicable wide, single measurement, underground
The features such as crack is visualized.
Certainly, described above is not limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is also not limited to the example above, this technology neck
The variations, modifications, additions or substitutions that the technical staff in domain is made in the essential scope of the present invention, should also belong to the present invention's
Protection domain.
Claims (6)
1. the method for the nearly well fracturing fracture of a kind of utilization Gd neutrons spike yield imaging in evaluation, it is characterised in that by support
High capture cross-section material is added in agent, is acted on using Gd in neutron and proppant, passes through array orientation gamma instrument and Neutron
Device, obtains Gd yields and the well capture gamma of different azimuth, carries out crack imaging, specifically include following steps：
Step one：Stratum injects the tagged propping agents containing Gd2O3 into fracture formation after hydraulic fracturing；
Step 2：Utilize array orientation gamma instrument and neutron measurement instrument measurement capture gamma spectra and thermal neutron time spectrum；
Step 3：Processing mixing capture gamma spectra obtains Gd yields and the well macroscopic capture cross-section of different azimuth, utilizes Gd
Yield carries out well circumscissile and is seamed into picture, and then determines crack relevant parameter；
Step 4：The correction of well proppant residual is carried out using well macroscopic capture cross-section, well remaining influence is eliminated.
2. a kind of method of the nearly well fracturing fracture of utilization Gd neutrons spike yield imaging in evaluation as claimed in claim 1, it is special
Levy and be, the tagged propping agents in the step one are using quartz sand as main material, and mixing Gd2O3 powder, which is fired, to be formed, and Gd2O3 is accounted for
The percentage of tagged propping agents total amount is 0.15%-1.0%.
3. a kind of method of the nearly well fracturing fracture of utilization Gd neutrons spike yield imaging in evaluation as claimed in claim 1, it is special
Levy and be, the array orientation gamma instrument in the step 2 include a D-T neutron sources, the gamma detector of more than 3 and
At least one thermal-neutron detector.
4. a kind of method of the nearly well fracturing fracture of utilization Gd neutrons spike yield imaging in evaluation as claimed in claim 1, it is special
Levy and be, what imaging was utilized in the step 3 is different azimuth Gd yields.
5. a kind of method of the nearly well fracturing fracture of utilization Gd neutrons spike yield imaging in evaluation as claimed in claim 4, it is special
Levy and be, processing capture gamma spectra uses maximum likelihood method in the step 3.
6. a kind of method of the nearly well fracturing fracture of utilization Gd neutrons spike yield imaging in evaluation as claimed in claim 1, it is special
Levy and be, in the step 4, record thermal neutron time spectrum to determine well macroscopic capture cross-section using thermal-neutron detector, enter
And carry out the correction of well proppant residual.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108490487A (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2018-09-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The new method of nearly well fracture parameters is determined using well test data |
| CN108562515A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-09-21 | 东北大学 | A kind of Grouting Seepage in Rockmass slurries diffusion multifactorial experiment system |
| CN109401747A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-03-01 | 重庆长江造型材料（集团）股份有限公司 | A kind of riverfrac treatment proppant |
| CN109577958A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-04-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for evaluating tracing ceramsite fracturing joint width by pulse neutron logging time spectrum |
| CN109827848A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-05-31 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of oil and gas reservoir pressure-break extended simulation dynamic monitoring system and method |
| CN110566190A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2019-12-13 | 西南石油大学 | method for tracking motion trail of intra-slit proppant under high-particle-concentration experimental condition |
| CN112392454A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-02-23 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Fracture bulk density quantitative calculation method based on neutron activation analysis self-shielding correction |
| CN114456797A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-05-10 | 河南天祥新材料股份有限公司 | Ceramic tracing proppant |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108490487A (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2018-09-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The new method of nearly well fracture parameters is determined using well test data |
| CN108562515A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-09-21 | 东北大学 | A kind of Grouting Seepage in Rockmass slurries diffusion multifactorial experiment system |
| CN108562515B (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2023-11-28 | 东北大学 | Multi-factor test system for crack rock mass grouting slurry diffusion |
| CN109401747A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-03-01 | 重庆长江造型材料（集团）股份有限公司 | A kind of riverfrac treatment proppant |
| CN109577958A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-04-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for evaluating tracing ceramsite fracturing joint width by pulse neutron logging time spectrum |
| CN109827848A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-05-31 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of oil and gas reservoir pressure-break extended simulation dynamic monitoring system and method |
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| CN110566190B (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2021-02-19 | 西南石油大学 | Method for tracking motion trail of intra-slit proppant under high-particle-concentration experimental condition |
| CN112392454A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-02-23 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Fracture bulk density quantitative calculation method based on neutron activation analysis self-shielding correction |
| CN114456797A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-05-10 | 河南天祥新材料股份有限公司 | Ceramic tracing proppant |
| WO2023173576A1 (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2023-09-21 | 河南天祥新材料股份有限公司 | Ceramic tracing proppant |
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| CN107288607B (en) | 2019-07-02 |
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