CN107286165B - 合成色胺酮类化合物的方法 - Google Patents
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- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种合成色胺酮类化合物的方法,以5‑甲基靛红为原料,有机染料为光催化剂,碱为添加剂,在光照条件下反应,待反应完全后,用乙酸乙酯及石油醚的混合溶剂进行硅胶柱层析,即可得到所述的目标产物。本发明原料廉价易得,不涉及无水无氧操作,不需要复杂的配体参与反应,不需要高温,不需要贵金属的催化,且使用的催化剂用量少,成本低,而产率高,符合绿色环保理念。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成及催化技术领域,特别涉及一种色胺酮类化合物的合成方法。
背景技术
色胺酮类化合物属于吲哚喹唑啉类生物碱,其天然产物主要存在于马蓝、蓼蓝、菘蓝等产蓝植物中。其具有广泛的生物活性及药物活性,在抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗菌、抗原生生物等医药农药领域占有极其重要的地位,同时也一直是有机合成领域的研究热点。
在已有的获取方法中,主要包括:1.从动植物体内提取;2.通过化学方法合成,现有文献报道的关于色胺酮的合成方法很多,例如近来,Ali EI-Remaily报道了Co配合物催化的由靛红酸酐与靛红反应生成色胺酮(M.A.E.A.A.Ali EI-Remaily,O.M.Elhady,Cobalt(III)-porphyrin complex (CoTCPP)as an efficient and recyclable homogeneouscatalyst for the synthesis of tryptanthrin in aqueous media[J].TetraherdronLett.2016,57,435-437.);同年,Jia等人利用靛红为唯一原料在过氧叔丁醇及磷酸钾的催化下得到相同产物(F.-C.Jia,Z.-W.Zhou,C.Xu,Y.-D.Wu,A.-X.Wu,Divergent synthesisof Quinazolin-4(3H)-ones and tryptanthrins enabled by a tert-butylhydroperoxide/K3PO4-promoted oxidative cyclization of Isatins at roomtemperature[J].Org.Lett.2016,18,2942-2945.);Wang等人以靛红为原料通过碘化亚铜的催化在80℃高温下合成得到相应产物,产率为30-68%(C.Wang,L.Zhang,A.Ren,P.Lu,Y.Wang,Cu-catalyzed synthesis of tryptanthrin derivatives from substitutedindoles[J].Org.Lett.2013,15,2982.)。但这些方法在不同程度上存在一些问题,包括反应条件苛刻(高温,毒性溶剂)、利用金属氧化剂或者使用了化学当量的强氧化剂、产率较低、有些金属催化反应需要特定昂贵配体的加入等。这些因素导致反应成本高,污染大,不符合绿色环保的理念,也不适于工业生产。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种合成色胺酮类化合物方法。
本发明的技术方案是:
一种合成色胺酮类化合物(2,8-dimethylindolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-6,12-dione)方法,以5-甲基靛红为原料,有机染料为光催化剂,碱为添加剂,在光照条件下反应,待反应完全后,用乙酸乙酯及石油醚的混合溶剂进行硅胶柱层析,即可得到所述的色胺酮衍生物。
进一步的,有机染料选自酸性红94、荧光素、茜素红和10-甲基-9-均三甲苯基吖啶高氯酸(Acr+-Mes)中任意一种。
进一步的,碱选自碳酸钾(K2CO3)、碳酸钠(Na2CO3)、磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)、磷酸氢二钾(K2HPO4)、1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷(DABCO)和三乙胺(NEt3)中任意一种。
进一步的,反应在溶剂存在下进行,溶剂选自乙酸乙酯(EA)、二氯甲烷(DCM)、乙腈(MeCN)、甲醇(MeOH)、四氢呋喃(THF)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和二甲亚砜(DMSO)中任意一种。
更进一步的,所述的5-甲基靛红在溶剂中的浓度为0.2mol/L。
进一步的,5-甲基靛红、有机染料、碱的摩尔比为1∶0.05~0.2∶0.1~1.5。
进一步的,反应在光照条件下进行,光源为11W、23W或40W日光灯管。
进一步的,反应温度为室温。
本发明的反应路线如下:
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点和效果在于:(1)本发明原料廉价易得;(2)本发明不涉及无水无氧操作,不需要复杂的配体参与反应;(3)本发明不需要高温,不需要贵金属的催化,且使用的催化剂用量少,成本低,而产率高,符合绿色环保理念;(4)本发明操作简单方便,安全可靠,适合工业生产。
具体实施方式
实施例1
称取64.5mg(0.4mmol)5-甲基靛红、20.3mg(0.02mmol)酸性红94、11.2mg(0.08mmol)碳酸钾于5mL的无色透明反应瓶中,加入2mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂,然后在23W日光灯的照射下室温搅拌反应,TLC检测反应进度,约24h后反应完全,经柱层析分离提纯(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=9:1),得到黄色固体,产率:90%。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.47(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.20(s,1H),7.90(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.69(s,1H),7.64(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),7.57(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),2.55(s,3H),2.45(s,3H)。
13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:182.6,157.9,144.6,144.2,141.0,138.7,137.3,136.2,130.5,128.8,127.2,125.4,123.5,122.1,117.6,21.6,21.0。
实施例2
反应条件同实施例1,使用不同的光催化剂,产物产率如下表1所示。
表1不同光催化剂时产物的产率
由上表可知,当其他反应条件不变,光催化剂为酸性红94时,产物的产率最高。
实施例2
反应条件同实施例1,使用不同的溶剂,产物产率如下表2所示:
表2不同溶剂时产物的产率
溶剂 | EA | DCM | MeCN | MeOH | THF | DMF | DMSO |
产率(%) | 15 | 19 | 62 | 10 | 75 | 90 | 45 |
由上表可知,当其他反应条件不变,溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺时,产物的产率最高。
实施例3
反应条件同实施例1,改变溶剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的用量,产物产率如下表3所示:
表3不同溶剂用量时产物的产率
溶剂量(mL) | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 5 |
产率(%) | 18 | 35 | 54 | 90 | 81 | 27 |
由上表可知,当其他反应条件不变,溶N,N-二甲基甲酰胺用量为2.0mL时,产物的产率最高。
实施例4
反应条件同实施例1,改变光催化剂酸性红94的用量,产物产率如下表4所示:
表4不同光催化剂用量时产物的产率
光催化剂用量(equiv.) | 0 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.20 |
产率(%) | 0 | 52 | 90 | 90 | 91 | 91 |
由上表可知,当其他反应条件不变,光催化剂酸性红94的用量为0.05当量时预期产物的产率较高,随着光催化剂用量的继续加大,产率无明显变化。因此,我们将催化剂量定为0.05个当量。
实施例5
反应条件同实施例1,使用不同的碱及不同的当量作为添加剂,产物产率如下表5-6所示:
表5不同碱作为添加剂时产物的产率
碱(0.02equiv.) | K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> | Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> | K<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub> | KH<sub>2</sub>PO | DABCO | NEt<sub>3</sub> |
产率(%) | 90 | 88 | 72 | 64 | 36 | 59 |
由上表可知,当其他反应条件不变,碳酸钾为添加剂时预期产物的产率最高。
表6使用不同量的碳酸钾作为添加剂时产物的产率
K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>(equiv.) | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 |
产率(%) | 44 | 90 | 90 | 88 | 83 |
由上表可知,当其他反应条件不变,使用0.2或0.5个当量的碳酸钾为添加剂时预期产物的产率最高,因此我们将碳酸钾的使用量定为0.2个当量。
实施例6
反应条件同实施例1,使用不同的光源时,产物产率如下表7所示:
表7不同的光源照射下产物的产率
日光灯 | 11W | 23W | 40W |
产率(%) | 69 | 90 | 90 |
由上表可知,当其他反应条件不变,使用23W或40W的日光灯为光源时预期,产物的产率较高。
Claims (6)
1.一种合成色胺酮类化合物的方法,其特征在于,以5-甲基靛红Ⅰ为原料,有机染料为光催化剂,碱为添加剂,在光照条件下反应,待反应完全后,用乙酸乙酯及石油醚的混合溶剂进行硅胶柱层析,即可得到所述的目标产物Ⅱ,
,
其中,
有机染料选自酸性红94、荧光素、茜素红和10-甲基-9-均三甲苯基吖啶高氯酸中任意一种。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,碱选自碳酸钾、碳酸钠、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二钾、1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷和三乙胺中任意一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,反应在溶剂存在下进行,溶剂选自乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、乙腈、甲醇、四氢呋喃、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和二甲亚砜中任意一种,5-甲基靛红在溶剂中的浓度为0.2mol/L。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,5-甲基靛红、有机染料、碱的摩尔比为1∶0.05~0.2∶0.1~1.5。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,反应在光照条件下进行,光源为11W、23W或40W日光灯管。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,反应温度为室温。
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