CN107284139A - 剪切带和非充气轮胎 - Google Patents

剪切带和非充气轮胎 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107284139A
CN107284139A CN201710240249.3A CN201710240249A CN107284139A CN 107284139 A CN107284139 A CN 107284139A CN 201710240249 A CN201710240249 A CN 201710240249A CN 107284139 A CN107284139 A CN 107284139A
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shear band
layer
material layer
separation structure
dimensional separation
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CN107284139B (zh
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F.斯波特利
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Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
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Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明描述一种剪切带和一种非充气轮胎,所述非充气轮胎包括:接触地面的环形胎面部分;剪切带;以及连接腹板,其定位在轮毂与剪切带之间。剪切带优选地包括三维间隔织物,所述三维间隔织物具有通过连接构件所连接的第一层和第二层。三维间隔织物具有限定的深度。三维间隔结构进一步包括形成于连接构件之间的多个孔,并且其中,以填充材料填充所述孔中的一个或更多个。填充材料可为泡沫或热塑性弹性体。

Description

剪切带和非充气轮胎
技术领域
本发明大体涉及交通工具轮胎和非充气轮胎,且更确切地涉及剪切带和非充气轮胎。
背景技术
一个多世纪以来,充气轮胎已成为实现交通工具机动性的选择方案。充气轮胎是拉伸性结构。充气轮胎具有使充气轮胎现今如此占主导地位的至少四个特征。充气轮胎在承载载荷方面是有效的,因为轮胎结构全部参与承载载荷。充气轮胎也是满足需要的,因为其具有低接触压力,从而由于交通工具载荷的分布使得在路面上的磨损较小。充气轮胎还具有低刚度,从而确保交通工具中乘坐的舒适度。充气轮胎的主要缺点是其需要压缩气体。在充气压力完全丧失之后,使常规充气轮胎变得失效。
设计成在无充气压力的情况下操作的轮胎可消除与充气轮胎相关联的许多问题和危害。既不需要压力维持,也不需要压力监控。结构支撑型轮胎(例如,实心轮胎或其它弹性体结构)到目前为止并未提供常规充气轮胎所提供的性能水平。实现类似于充气轮胎性能的结构支撑型轮胎解决方案将是一项令人期望的改进。
非充气轮胎通常由其载荷承载效率所限定。“底部装载机”基本上是在结构的位于轮毂下方的部分中承载大部分载荷的刚性结构。“顶部装载机”设计成使得结构全部参与承载载荷。顶部装载机因此具有高于底部装载机的载荷承载效率的载荷承载效率,允许实现质量更小的设计。
剪切带的目的是将载荷从与地面的接触提供轮辐或连接腹板中的张力转移到轮毂,从而产生顶部装载结构。当剪切带变形时,其优选的变形形式是剪切过弯(shear overbending)。由于位于剪切带的外部部分上的不可延伸膜,因此出现了剪切变形模式。现有技术的非充气轮胎通常具有由橡胶材料制成的剪切带且其夹在至少两层不可延伸的带或膜之间。这种类型的构造的缺点在于,橡胶的使用显著增加非充气轮胎的成本和重量。使用橡胶的另一个缺点在于,其产生热量,特别是在剪切带中。此外,剪切带中的橡胶需要在剪切模式中是软的,这使得难以找到期望的化合物。
因此,期望改进非充气轮胎,使得其具有充气轮胎的所有特征,而没有需要充气的缺点。
发明内容
本发明的一个或更多个实施例提供一种剪切带,其包括三维间隔结构,其中,所述三维间隔结构由第一材料层和第二材料层形成,每个材料层具有在第一方向上延伸的第一加强构件和在第二方向上延伸的第二加强构件,其中,每个材料层通过在第三方向上延伸的多个连接加强构件彼此连接,其中,所述三维间隔结构还包括形成于所述连接构件之间的多个孔,并且其中,以填充材料填充所述孔中的一个或更多个。
本发明的一个或更多个实施例提供一种剪切带,其包括三维间隔结构,其中,所述三维间隔结构由第一材料层和第二材料层形成,每个材料层具有在第一方向上延伸的第一加强构件和在第二方向上延伸的第二加强构件,其中,每个材料层通过在第三方向上延伸的多个连接加强构件彼此连接,其中,所述三维间隔结构还包括形成于所述连接构件之间的多个孔,并且其中,以填充材料填充所述孔中的一个或更多个,并且其中,以填充材料填充至少两个开孔。
本发明的一个或更多个实施例提供一种剪切带,其包括三维间隔结构,其中,所述三维间隔结构由第一材料层和第二材料层形成,每个材料层具有在第一方向上延伸的第一加强构件和在第二方向上延伸的第二加强构件,其中,每个材料层通过在第三方向上延伸的多个连接加强构件彼此连接,其中,所述三维间隔结构还包括形成于所述连接构件之间的多个孔,并且其中,以填充材料填充所述孔中的一个或更多个,并且其中,经填充的开孔位于剪切带的轴向中心中。
本发明的一个或更多个实施例提供一种剪切带,其包括三维间隔结构,其中,所述三维间隔结构由第一材料层和第二材料层形成,每个材料层具有在第一方向上延伸的第一加强构件和在第二方向上延伸的第二加强构件,其中,每个材料层通过在第三方向上延伸的多个连接加强构件彼此连接,其中,所述三维间隔结构还包括形成于所述连接构件之间的多个孔,并且其中,以填充材料填充所述孔中的一个或更多个,并且其中,填充材料可以是开孔或闭孔泡沫。
本发明的一个或更多个实施例提供一种剪切带,其包括三维间隔结构,其中,所述三维间隔结构由第一材料层和第二材料层形成,每个材料层具有在第一方向上延伸的第一加强构件和在第二方向上延伸的第二加强构件,其中,每个材料层通过在第三方向上延伸的多个连接加强构件彼此连接,其中,所述三维间隔结构还包括形成于所述连接构件之间的多个孔,并且其中,以填充材料填充所述孔中的一个或更多个,并且其中,填充材料为EVA。
本发明的一个或更多个实施例提供一种剪切带,其包括三维间隔结构,其中,所述三维间隔结构由第一材料层和第二材料层形成,每个材料层具有在第一方向上延伸的第一加强构件和在第二方向上延伸的第二加强构件,其中,每个材料层通过在第三方向上延伸的多个连接加强构件彼此连接,其中,所述三维间隔结构还包括形成于所述连接构件之间的多个孔,并且其中,以填充材料填充所述孔中的一个或更多个,并且其中,填充材料为密封胶或其它软材料。
本发明的一个或更多个实施例提供一种剪切带,其包括三维间隔结构,其中,所述三维间隔结构由第一材料层和第二材料层形成,每个材料层具有在第一方向上延伸的第一加强构件和在第二方向上延伸的第二加强构件,其中,每个材料层通过在第三方向上延伸的多个连接加强构件彼此连接,其中,所述三维间隔结构还包括形成于所述连接构件之间的多个孔,并且其中,以填充材料填充所述孔中的一个或更多个,且所述剪切带进一步包括不可延伸的膜层。
本发明的一个或更多个实施例提供一种剪切带,其包括三维间隔结构,其中,所述三维间隔结构由第一材料层和第二材料层形成,每个材料层具有在第一方向上延伸的第一加强构件和在第二方向上延伸的第二加强构件,其中,每个材料层通过在第三方向上延伸的多个连接加强构件彼此连接,其中,所述三维间隔结构还包括形成于所述连接构件之间的多个孔,并且其中,以填充材料填充所述孔中的一个或更多个,并且其中,第一层和第二层分隔开距离Z,所述距离Z在2毫米到15毫米的范围内,更优选地在3 mm到8 mm的范围内,且甚至更优选地在5 mm到10 mm的范围内。
本发明的一个或更多个实施例提供一种剪切带,其包括三维间隔结构,其中,所述三维间隔结构由第一材料层和第二材料层形成,每个材料层具有在第一方向上延伸的第一加强构件和在第二方向上延伸的第二加强构件,其中,每个材料层通过在第三方向上延伸的多个连接加强构件彼此连接,其中,所述三维间隔结构还包括形成于所述连接构件之间的多个孔,并且其中,以填充材料填充所述孔中的一个或更多个,并且其中,所述三维间隔结构由拉胀材料形成。
本发明的一个或更多个实施例提供一种剪切带,其包括三维间隔结构,其中,所述三维间隔结构由第一材料层和第二材料层形成,每个材料层具有在第一方向上延伸的第一加强构件和在第二方向上延伸的第二加强构件,其中,每个材料层通过在第三方向上延伸的多个连接加强构件彼此连接,其中,所述三维间隔结构还包括形成于所述连接构件之间的多个孔,并且其中,所述连接构件垂直于第一材料层和第二材料层。
本发明的一个或更多个实施例提供一种剪切带,其包括三维间隔结构,其中,所述三维间隔结构由第一材料层和第二材料层形成,每个材料层具有在第一方向上延伸的第一加强构件和在第二方向上延伸的第二加强构件,其中,每个材料层通过在第三方向上延伸的多个连接加强构件彼此连接,其中,所述三维间隔结构还包括形成于所述连接构件之间的多个孔,并且其中,所述连接构件相对于第一材料层和第二材料层是成角度的。
本发明的一个或更多个实施例提供一种剪切带,其包括三维间隔结构,其中,所述三维间隔结构由第一材料层和第二材料层形成,每个材料层具有在第一方向上延伸的第一加强构件和在第二方向上延伸的第二加强构件,其中,每个材料层通过在第三方向上延伸的多个连接加强构件彼此连接,其中,所述三维间隔结构还包括形成于所述连接构件之间的多个孔,并且其中,所述剪切带的侧向端逐渐变细,使得剪切带的中心的径向厚度大于在剪切带的外端处的厚度。
本发明的一个或更多个实施例提供一种剪切带,其包括三维间隔结构,其中,所述三维间隔结构由第一材料层和第二材料层形成,每个材料层具有在第一方向上延伸的第一加强构件和在第二方向上延伸的第二加强构件,其中,每个材料层通过在第三方向上延伸的多个连接加强构件彼此连接,其中,所述三维间隔结构还包括形成于所述连接构件之间的多个孔,并且其中,所述三维间隔结构具有轴向宽度,且所述连接构件并未延伸三维间隔结构的完整的轴向宽度。
本发明的一个或更多个实施例提供一种剪切带,其包括三维间隔结构,其中,所述三维间隔结构由第一材料层和第二材料层形成,每个材料层具有在第一方向上延伸的第一加强构件和在第二方向上延伸的第二加强构件,其中,每个材料层通过在第三方向上延伸的多个连接加强构件彼此连接,其中,所述三维间隔结构还包括形成于所述连接构件之间的多个孔,并且其中,所述连接构件的轴向宽度W小于三维间隔结构的轴向宽度。
本发明的一个或更多个实施例提供一种剪切带,其包括三维间隔结构,其中,所述三维间隔结构由第一材料层和第二材料层形成,每个材料层具有在第一方向上延伸的第一加强构件和在第二方向上延伸的第二加强构件,其中,每个材料层通过在第三方向上延伸的多个连接加强构件彼此连接,其中,所述三维间隔结构还包括形成于所述连接构件之间的多个孔,并且其中,以填充材料填充仅一个孔。
本发明的一个或更多个实施例提供一种剪切带,其包括三维间隔结构,其中,所述三维间隔结构由第一材料层和第二材料层形成,每个材料层具有在第一方向上延伸的第一加强构件和在第二方向上延伸的第二加强构件,其中,每个材料层通过在第三方向上延伸的多个连接加强构件彼此连接,其中,所述三维间隔结构还包括形成于所述连接构件之间的多个孔,并且其中,以填充材料填充仅一个孔,并且其中,所述剪切带的侧向端逐渐变细,使得剪切带的中心的径向厚度大于在剪切带的外端处的厚度。
根据本发明,其还存在以下技术方案:
1. 一种剪切带,其包括:三维间隔结构,其中,所述三维间隔结构由第一材料层和第二材料层形成,每个材料层具有在第一方向上延伸的第一加强构件和在第二方向上延伸的第二加强构件,其中,每个材料层通过在第三方向上延伸的多个连接加强构件彼此连接,其中,所述三维间隔结构还包括形成于所述连接构件之间的多个孔,并且其中,以填充材料填充所述孔中的一个或更多个。
2. 根据技术方案1所述的剪切带,其中,以填充材料填充至少两个开孔。
3. 根据技术方案1所述的剪切带,其中,经填充的开孔位于所述剪切带的轴向中心中。
4. 根据技术方案1所述的剪切带,其中,所述填充材料可以是开孔或闭孔泡沫。
5. 根据技术方案1所述的剪切带,其中,所述填充材料是EVA。
6. 根据技术方案1所述的剪切带,其中,所述填充材料是密封胶或其它软材料。
7. 根据技术方案1所述的剪切带,其中,所述填充材料具有的压缩模量在约0.1MPA到200 MPA之间,更优选地在15 MPA到80 MPA之间。
8. 根据技术方案1所述的剪切带,其进一步包括不可延伸的膜层。
9. 根据技术方案1所述的剪切带,其中,所述第一层和所述第二层分隔开距离Z,所述距离Z在2毫米到15毫米的范围内,更优选地在3 mm到8 mm的范围内,且甚至更优选地在5 mm到10 mm的范围内。
10. 根据技术方案1所述的剪切带,其中,所述三维间隔结构由拉胀材料形成。
11. 根据技术方案1所述的剪切带,其中,所述连接构件垂直于所述第一材料层和所述第二材料层。
12. 根据技术方案1所述的剪切带,其中,所述连接构件相对于所述第一材料层和所述第二材料层是成角度的。
13. 根据技术方案1所述的剪切带,其中,所述剪切带的侧向端逐渐变细,使得所述剪切带的中心的径向厚度大于在所述剪切带的外端处的厚度。
14. 根据技术方案1所述的剪切带,其中,所述三维间隔结构具有轴向宽度,且所述连接构件并未延伸所述三维间隔结构的完整的轴向宽度。
15. 根据技术方案1所述的剪切带,其中,所述连接构件的轴向宽度W小于所述三维间隔结构的所述轴向宽度。
16. 一种剪切带,其包括:三维间隔结构,其中,所述三维间隔结构由第一材料层和第二材料层形成,每个材料层具有在第一方向上延伸的第一加强构件和在第二方向上延伸的第二加强构件,其中,每个材料层通过在第三方向上延伸的多个连接加强构件彼此连接,其中,所述三维间隔结构还包括形成于所述连接构件之间的多个孔,并且其中,以填充材料填充仅一个孔。
17. 根据技术方案16所述的剪切带,其中,所述剪切带的侧向端逐渐变细,使得所述剪切带的中心的径向厚度大于在所述剪切带的外端处的厚度。
附图说明
将通过参考以下描述和附图来更好地理解本发明,在附图中:
图1是本发明的非充气轮胎的第一实施例的透视图;
图2A是剪切带和外胎面的第一实施例的截面图;
图2B是剪切带和外胎面的第二实施例的截面图;
图2C是剪切带的第三实施例;
图2D是剪切带的第四实施例;
图3A是开放式三维织物结构的第一实施例的透视图,以及图3B图示交叉构件的各种可能构型;
图4A是闭合型三维织物结构的第二实施例的透视图,以及图4B图示织物交叉构件的各种可能构型;
图5是三维织物结构的第三实施例的透视图;
图6是三维织物结构的第四实施例的透视图;
图7是三维织物结构的第五实施例的透视图;
图8是三维织物结构的第六实施例的透视图;
图9是三维织物结构的第七实施例的透视图;
图10是三维织物结构的第八实施例的透视图;
图11是三维织物结构的第九实施例的透视图;以及
图12是由力F在剪切带上进行的挠度测量。
具体实施方式
定义
对于此说明书,以下术语定义如下。
“拉胀材料”意指具有负泊松比的材料。
“赤道面”意指垂直于轮胎的旋转轴线并经过轮胎中心线的平面。
“自由区域”是根据DIN EN 14971的织物开放度的度量,且为织物平面中未被纱线覆盖的区域的量。它是对织物紧度的视觉测量,且通过以下步骤来确定:从测光台获得穿过织物的6英寸×6英寸正方形样本的光的电子图像;以及将所测量的光的强度与白色像素的强度进行比较。
“不可延伸”意指给定层具有大于大约25 Ksi的延伸刚度。
“针织”意指包括可通过借助针或丝来使一系列的一根或更多根纱线的圈缠结所产生的结构,例如经纱针织物和纬纱针织物。
“三维间隔结构”意指由织物的两个外层构成的三维结构,其中织物的每个外层具有在第一方向和第二方向上延伸的加强构件(例如,纱线、长丝或纤维),其中,这两个外层通过在限定的第三方向上延伸的加强构件(例如,纱线、长丝或纤维)或其它针织层连接在一起。“开放式”三维间隔结构包括连接织物的第一层和第二层的单独的绒线(pile)纤维或加强件。“闭合式”三维结构利用连接第一层和第二层的织物绒线。
“机织”意指通过使多根纱线以直角彼此交叉以形成纹理所产生的结构,类似篮子。
图1中示出了本发明的非充气轮胎100的第一实施例。本发明的轮胎包括径向外地面接合胎面200、剪切带300和连接腹板500。轮胎胎面200可根据需要包括例如肋、花纹块、凸起、花纹沟和花纹细缝的元件,以改善轮胎在各种条件下的性能。连接腹板500安装在轮毂512上且可具有不同的设计,如下文更详细地描述。本发明的非充气轮胎设计成顶部装载结构,使得剪切带300和连接腹板500有效地承载载荷。剪切带300和连接腹板设计成使得剪切带的刚度与轮胎的弹簧刚度直接相关。连接腹板设计成刚性结构,其在承受拉力时在轮胎印迹中屈曲或变形,并且不压缩或承载压缩载荷。这允许连接腹板的不在印迹区域中的其余部分有承载载荷的能力,从而引起极具载荷有效性的结构。期望允许剪切带弯曲以克服道路障碍物。近似载荷分布优选地使得接近90%到100%的载荷由剪切带和连接腹板的上部部分承载,使得连接腹板的下部部分承载几乎为零且优选小于10%的载荷。
剪切带300优选地是环形结构,其定位于轮胎胎面200的径向内侧且用于将载荷从与地面接触的轮胎底部转移到轮辐和轮毂,从而产生顶部装载结构。因为优选的变形形式是剪切过弯,所以将环形结构300称为剪切带。
剪切带300的第一实施例示于图2A中,且包括图3A中所示的开放式三维间隔结构400。三维间隔结构400可定位在第一树胶橡胶层332和第二树胶橡胶层334(未按比例绘制)之间。树胶橡胶332、334可具有期望的厚度。三维间隔结构400是具有第一织物层460和第二织物层470的结构类型,其中,每个织物层由在第一方向或纬向上延伸的多个第一加强构件462和在第二方向或经向上延伸的多个第二加强构件464形成。第一加强构件462和第二加强构件464可如所示地彼此垂直,或以期望的角度交叉。如所示地,加强构件462与加强件464交错或交织。第一加强层和第二加强层可以是针织的、机织的、非机织的、交错的或非交错的。第一织物层462和第二织物层464优选地取向成相对于彼此平行,且通过在第三维度或绒线维度上延伸的加强连接构件480、490而彼此互连。连接层460、470之间的垂直距离或三维结构的Z方向尺寸是在大约2毫米到大约25毫米的范围内,更优选地在大约3毫米到10毫米的范围内,且甚至更优选地在5 mm到10 mm范围内。
三维间隔结构400可具有如图3B中所示的加强连接构件的不同布置。
三维织物结构400优选地取向在剪切带中,使得第一层460和第二层470关于轴向方向成平行关系地对准。三维织物结构400具有充分的Z维度厚度,该Z维度厚度优选地与非充气轮胎的径向方向对准。开放式三维织物结构400因此包括形成开孔495的多个连接构件480、490。如图2A中所示,以具有期望的刚度的填充材料来填充开孔495中的一个或更多个。优选地,以填充材料填充两个或更多个开孔495,且这两个或更多个开孔位于剪切带的轴向中心中。填充材料可以是开孔泡沫或闭孔泡沫、聚氨酯泡沫、EVA、密封胶或其它软材料。这些泡沫材料能够由聚酯-对苯二酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯-聚氨酯、酚醛泡沫、聚苯乙烯泡沫、聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫制成,和/或使用通过以中空粒子(称为微珠(微球))填充金属、聚合物、树脂或陶瓷基质所合成的复合泡沫。可获得具有各种各样的尺寸和材料的微球,包括玻璃微球、空心微珠、碳微球和聚合物微球。这些复合泡沫材料的其中一个最大优点在于,其能够容易地设计以便满足所需的机械性质,同时是非常轻的。填充材料被选择来具有期望的压缩刚度。填充材料也可为闭孔多孔弹性体或热塑性弹性体。填充材料的压缩模量可优选地包括在约0.1 MPa到200 MPa之间,更优选地15 MPA到80 MPA之间。在一个实施例中,以填充材料填充所有的开孔495。在第二实施例中,以填充材料并未填充所有的开孔495。在另一个实施例中,以填充材料填充仅3个孔。
如本文中所使用的加强构件或加强连接构件可包括以下各项中的一项或更多项:纱线、丝、(一根或多根)长丝、(一根或多根)纤维或(一根或多根)加强帘线。加强构件或加强交叉构件可由玻璃纤维、碳纤维、玄武岩纤维、有机纤维、尼龙、芳族聚酰胺、聚酯、钢或金属丝或其组合形成。优选地,三维间隔的第一层460和第二层470的加强构件464可包括优选地与轮胎周向方向对准的不可延伸加强件,例如芳族聚酰胺、钢、聚酯或其掺合物。不可延伸加强件464可相对于轮胎赤道面取向成+/- 15度或更小,且更优选地相对于轮胎赤道面取向成+/- 10度或更小。
优选地,采用RFL粘合剂处理三维织物结构400和/或加强构件,其中RFL粘合剂是众所周知的间苯二酚-甲醛树脂/丁二烯-苯乙烯-乙烯基吡啶三元共聚物胶乳或其与丁二烯/苯乙烯橡胶胶乳的掺合物,并且在轮胎行业中用于应用到织物、纤维和织物帘线以帮助其粘附到橡胶部件(例如,见美国专利号4,356,219)。加强构件可为单端浸入构件(即,单个加强构件被浸入RFL粘合剂或粘合增进剂中)。
三维织物结构400可具有如通过DIN 12127测得的在700-1000克/平方米范围内的密度。三维织物结构400的压缩刚度的范围可为如通过DIN/ISO 33861测得的50 kPa到600kPa的范围内,且更优选的范围为100 kPa到250 kPa。
如图2A中所示,三维间隔结构具有轴向宽度L。三维间隔结构的具有交叉构件的那部分具有轴向宽度A,其中,A小于L。三维间隔结构在每个侧向端处具有腔体481,且具有轴向宽度X。能够根据需要调节腔体481的宽度X,以便调整轮胎在肩部区域中的刚度。腔体能够保持为空的(如图2A中所示),或其能够被填充达到100%(如图2B中所示)。能够根据需要选择腔体宽度和填充腔体的材料的刚度,以便调整轮胎刚度。X的范围可为间隔结构的轴向宽度L的0到12%。可以使用上述的填充材料来填充腔体481。
如图2C中所示,图2A或图2B的剪切带可额外地包括第一膜层330和第二膜层340。第一膜层330优选地是不可延伸的,且优选地位于三维间隔结构400的径向外侧处。剪切带可进一步包括布置成与第一膜层330平行的可选的第二膜层340。如果利用两个膜层来形成剪切带,则优选的是,三维间隔结构400使膜层330、340分隔开,使得三维间隔结构330位于这些层之间。优选地,树胶橡胶层331、341使三维间隔结构330与每个加强层330、340分隔开。第一膜层330和可选的第二膜层340各自具有加强构件或帘线,该加强构件或帘线相对于轮胎赤道面取向成在0到大约+/- 10度范围内的角度。优选地,第一层的加强帘线的角度是在与第二层中的加强帘线的角度的相反方向上。另外优选地,所述加强构件或帘线是不可延伸的。
图2D图示由两个橡胶层、三维间隔织物和内泡沫层所形成的剪切带。
也可调节如图3B中所示的加强连接构件480的轴向间距S,以便控制剪切带的刚度。间距S的范围可为3 mm到8 mm。
剪切带的任一上述实施例均可利用图4A中所示的三维结构。图4A中所示的三维结构350包括织物的第一针织或机织层360和织物的第二针织或机织层340。第一层和第二层通过多个交叉构件380联结在一起。交叉构件380以90度角度连接到第一机织层和第二机织层。第一机织层360和第二机织层340优选地取向成关于轴向方向成平行关系。三维间隔结构350是闭合式结构的示例,因为交叉构件380是闭合针织织物且无法“看穿”。三维间隔结构350可具有可变连接长度、多个层、可变连接角度和单轴线弯曲,如图4B中所示。
剪切带的任一上述实施例均可利用图5到图7中所示的三维结构,图5到图7图示了交叉构件480、490的各种不同构型。
剪切带的任一上述实施例均可利用图8中所示的三维结构。三维结构500包括织物的第一机织层560和织物的第二机织层570。第一层和第二层通过形成为“8”的形状的多个交叉构件580联结在一起。
剪切带的任一上述实施例均可利用图9或图10中所示的三维结构。图9的三维结构700包括织物的第一针织层760和织物的第二针织层770。第一层和第二层通过多根针织间隔线状物780联结在一起。第一层760和第二层770各自具有由多个网格形成的开口,并且其中,在针织织物层之间形成通道且不含间隔线状物。可以使用上述的填充材料来填充这些通道。
剪切带的任一上述实施例均可利用图11中所示的三维结构。三维结构800包括两个或更多个甲板层(deck layer)810、820。三维结构800具有织物的第一机织层860、织物的第二机织层870和中间机织层880。第一层860和中间层880通过多个交叉构件890联结在一起。第二层870和中间层880也通过多个交叉构件895联结在一起。交叉构件890、895可以是成角度的或弯曲的,如图4到图8中所示。
三维织物结构的任一上述实施例可具有如通过DIN 12127测得的在700-1000克/平方米范围内的密度。任一三维织物结构的压缩刚度的范围可为如通过DIN/ISO 33861测得的50 kPa到600 kPa,且更优选地该范围为100 kPa到250 kPa。
另外优选地,剪切带的侧向端逐渐变细,使得剪切带的中心的径向厚度大于在剪切带的外端处的厚度,如图2D中所示。
剪切带性质
剪切带具有总剪切刚度GA。可通过测量从剪切带获得的代表性测试样品上的挠度来确定剪切刚度GA。测试样品的上表面受到如下所示的侧向力F。测试样品是从剪切带获得的代表性样本且具有与剪切带相同的径向厚度。然后由以下等式计算剪切刚度GA:
GA=F*L/ΔX,其中F是剪切载荷,L是剪切层厚度,以及ΔX是剪切挠度。
剪切带具有总弯曲刚度EI。可使用三点弯曲试验由梁力学来确定弯曲刚度EI。其表示梁搁在两个滚柱支座上并经受施加在梁中间的集中载荷的情况。弯曲刚度EI由以下等式确定:EI = PL3/48*ΔX,其中P是载荷,L是梁长度,以及ΔX是挠度。
期望使剪切带的弯曲刚度EI最大化,并使剪切带刚度GA最小化。可接受的GA/EI比将在0.01到20之间,其中理想范围是在0.01到5之间。EA是剪切带的可延伸刚度,且其是以实验方法通过施加拉伸力并测量长度变化所确定的。剪切带的EA与EI的比在0.02到100的范围内是可接受的,其中理想范围为1到50。
剪切带300优选地能够承受在15到30%的范围内的最大剪切应变。
剪切带优选地具有在0.01到20的范围内的GA/EI,或在0.02到100的范围内的EA/EI比,或在20到2000范围内的弹簧刚度,及其任何组合。更优选地,剪切带具有0.01到5的GA/EI比,或1到50的EA/EI比,或170 lb/in的弹簧刚度,及其任何子组合。轮胎胎面优选地围绕剪切带缠绕,并且优选地整体模制到剪切带。
连接腹板
本发明的非充气轮胎进一步包括如图1中所示的连接腹板500。连接腹板优选地包括从内半径延伸到外半径的多个周向对准的轮辐510。轮辐优选地取向在径向方向上。轮辐可为弯曲的或直的。优选地,非充气轮胎包括两组周向对准的轮辐。轮辐可具有不同的截面设计。轮辐用于承载从剪切层所传递的载荷。轮辐主要在拉伸和剪切状态下承载载荷,而且在压缩状态下不承载载荷。如本文中所描述的每个轮辐具有的轴向厚度A充分地小于非充气轮胎的轴向厚度AW。轴向厚度A是在AW的5%到20%的范围内,更优选地在AW的5%到10%的范围内。如果利用一个以上的(轮辐)盘,则每个盘的轴向厚度可以是不同的或相同的。
轮辐510优选地在径向方向上延伸。轮辐510设计成在径向方向上凸出或变形。当非充气轮胎已负载时,轮辐在穿过接地面时将变形而几乎没有抗压强度,将零或微不足道的压缩力供应给载荷承载件。轮辐的主要载荷是通过拉伸和剪切引起的,而非压缩。
轮辐优选地由弹性材料形成,例如橡胶或热塑性弹性体。径向轮辐设计成使得轮辐对径向变形的抵抗力较低,而对轮胎的侧向变形的抵抗力较高。
如果所选的材料是热塑性弹性体,则其优选地具有以下性质。使用ISO 527-1/-2标准测试方法,盘材料的拉伸(杨氏)模量优选地在45 MPa到650 MPa的范围内,且更优选地在85 MPa到300 MPa的范围内。玻璃转变温度小于-25摄氏度,且更优选地小于-35摄氏度。断裂时的屈服应变大于30%,且更优选地大于40%。断裂时的伸长率大于或等于屈服应变,且更优选地大于200%。热挠曲温度在0.45 MPa下高于40摄氏度,且更优选地在0.45 MPa下高于50摄氏度。使用ISO 179/ISO180测试方法,在23摄氏度下针对悬臂冲击测试和简支梁缺口测试未产生断裂。用于盘的两种合适材料可通过DSM产品以及以ARNITEL PL 420H和ARNITEL PL461的商品名称所出售的产品来商购得到。
申请人理解到,根据对以上说明书的阅读,许多其它变型对于本领域普通技术人员是清楚的。这些变型和其它变型是在如由以下所附权利要求所定义的本发明的精神和范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种剪切带,其包括:三维间隔结构,其中,所述三维间隔结构由第一材料层和第二材料层形成,每个材料层具有在第一方向上延伸的第一加强构件和在第二方向上延伸的第二加强构件,其中,每个材料层通过在第三方向上延伸的多个连接加强构件彼此连接,其中,所述三维间隔结构还包括形成于所述连接构件之间的多个孔,并且其中,以填充材料填充所述孔中的一个或更多个。
2.根据权利要求1所述的剪切带,其中,以填充材料填充至少两个开孔。
3.根据权利要求1所述的剪切带,其中,经填充的开孔位于所述剪切带的轴向中心中。
4.根据权利要求1所述的剪切带,其中,所述填充材料可以是开孔或闭孔泡沫。
5.根据权利要求1所述的剪切带,其中,所述填充材料是EVA。
6.根据权利要求1所述的剪切带,其中,所述填充材料是密封胶或其它软材料。
7.根据权利要求1所述的剪切带,其中,所述填充材料具有的压缩模量在约0.1 MPA到200 MPA之间,更优选地在15 MPA到80 MPA之间。
8.根据权利要求1所述的剪切带,其进一步包括不可延伸的膜层。
9.根据权利要求1所述的剪切带,其中,所述第一层和所述第二层分隔开距离Z,所述距离Z在2毫米到15毫米的范围内,更优选地在3 mm到8 mm的范围内,且甚至更优选地在5 mm到10 mm的范围内。
10.根据权利要求1所述的剪切带,其中,所述三维间隔结构由拉胀材料形成。
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