CN107253240A - 一种新型木质复合板 - Google Patents
一种新型木质复合板 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种新型木质复合板，它包括中心层；所述中心层的上下两面分别设有过渡层；所述过渡层的上下两面分别设有浸渍纸层；所述浸渍纸层、过渡层和中心层之间通过胶水层相互高温高压粘合连接。本发明结构合理、设计新颖，该复合板表面质量好，合格率高，经久耐用，克服了现有生态板表面贴纸易开裂、碳化、脱落的弊端；并且，生产工艺简单，生产效率高，生产成本大大降低，克服了现有生态板工艺复杂、生产周期长、成本高的缺点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于板材技术领域，具体涉及一种新型木质复合板。
背景技术
现有技术中，板材的用途十分广泛，品种也各式各样；目前使用较为广泛的是生态板，主要用于建材、家具、物流包装等行业。生态板主要存在以下技术缺陷：首先，由于生态板的表面都附有一层贴纸，受到生产工艺的影响，贴纸容易出现开裂、碳化、脱落的缺陷，造成板材的使用寿命短；并且，目前生态板的生产工艺复杂成型率低，生产周期长、成本高，造成市场竞争力差；最后，板材存在机械强度不够、阻燃耐火性能差等缺陷。
因此，需要一种新型板材来改变目前生态板不足的缺陷。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决现有技术存在板材贴纸易开裂脱落、成本高竞争力差、强度不够以及阻燃防火性能差等技术问题，提供一种新型木质复合板，来克服现有技术的不足。
本发明是通过如下技术方案来实现的：
一种新型木质复合板，它包括中心层（3）；
所述中心层（3）的上下两面分别设有过渡层（2）；所述过渡层（2）的上下两面分别设有浸渍纸层（1）；所述浸渍纸层（1）、过渡层（2）和中心层（3）之间通过高温高压粘合连接。
进一步地，所述中心层（3）和过渡层（2）的上下两面分别设有打毛凹凸层。
进一步地，所述过渡层（2）为刨花纤维层；所述中心层（3）为改性木塑板。
进一步地，所述复合板的生产工艺包括如下步骤：
1）原生材经粉碎、打磨、烘干、筛选，生产出刨花纤维备用；胶水制好备用；
2）刨花纤维与胶水均匀混合得到混合料，经铺装机专用皮带运输机送至铺装机料仓；将刨花纤维均匀的铺在铺装机传送皮带上至规定厚度，将中心层置于铺好刨花纤维的皮带上；
3）随着铺装机传送带的自动传输，铺装机另一铺头将上刨花纤维均匀的铺在中心层上面，即得板坯毛料；
4）板坯毛料在生产线上运行，经预压成形、热压机热压固化、锯边机裁边工序，形成上下两面都牢固结合刨花纤维的板坯；
5）将上述板坯在砂光机上砂光后，通过双层贴面热压机在板坯上下面经高温高压覆浸渍纸，即得。
本发明的另一发明点是提供了一种改性木塑板，具体地，
所述改性木塑板按照如下工艺制备而得：
1）按照重量份称取原料备用：木纤维50-70份，聚丙烯树脂7-9份，阻燃剂3-5份，无机填料3-5份，聚乙烯醇2-3份，固化剂1-2份，玻璃纤维0.3-0.5份；
2）首先将聚丙烯树脂、阻燃剂以及聚乙烯醇混合均匀，得到阻燃树脂；将木纤维加入到搅拌仓中，然后加入阻燃树脂、无机填料以及玻璃纤维，500rpm搅拌3min，然后喷淋固化剂，继续以500rpm搅拌10min；然后通过烘干机进行烘干，再进入成型板机中，通入蒸汽，控制蒸汽的通入时间，成型板材；成型后的板材经过烘干房烘干陈化24-36h，烘房温度60-65℃，然后放置自然条件下陈化7d以上；最后采用切割机对陈化好的板材进行切割，即得改性木塑板。
优选地，所述阻燃剂由红磷和磷酸三丁酯按照2:1的质量比混合而成。
优选地，所述无机填料由碳化硅和氧化铝按照1:1的质量比混合而成。
优选地，所述固化剂按照如下工艺制备而得：将甲苯二异氰酸酯和醋酸丁酯按照3:1的体积比投入到反应器中，加热至60℃，保温条件下，200rpm搅拌30min，然后滴加与醋酸丁酯相同体积的三羟甲基丙烷，30min滴加完毕，再添加0.5%质量份的硬脂酸钙，继续以200rpm搅拌120min，即得固化剂。
本发明的关键技术以及有益效果主要包括但是并不限于以下几个方面：
本发明结构合理、设计新颖，该复合板表面质量好，合格率高，经久耐用，克服了现有生态板表面贴纸易开裂、碳化、脱落的弊端；并且，生产工艺简单，生产效率高，生产成本大大降低，克服了现有生态板工艺复杂、生产周期长、成本高的缺点；
本发明着重对中间层木塑板材进行了改性，提高了阻燃防火性能和机械强度；
改性木塑板当中有机颗粒防火单元表面的防火隔离膜，在火焰攻击下发生相态变化，能够迅速形成连续闭孔的蜂窝状防火层，可起到隔绝氧气，阻止火焰传播蔓延的作用，还有效阻断了热量的进一步传导；遇火时，产品表面仅形成碳化层，不熔化，无熔融滴落物产生；
碳化硅是一种性能优异的无机非金属材料，其具有比表面积大，表面吸附力强，化学纯度高、分散性能好、热阻等特异的性能，以其优越的稳定性性、补强性、增稠性和触变性，本发明采用碳化硅分布在材料的骨架中，起到热阻作用，且不会影响结构，同时还会提高隔热保温材料的强度；红磷和磷酸三丁酯可作为提高树脂阻燃性的阻燃剂来使用；本发明选择玻璃纤维作为木塑板的增韧剂和耐腐蚀剂。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
图中1、浸渍纸层 2、过渡层 3、中心层。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请中的技术方案，下面将结合本申请具体实施例，对本发明进行更加清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
参照图1，一种新型木质复合板，其包括中心层3；所述中心层3的上下两面分别设有过渡层2；所述过渡层2的上下两面分别设有浸渍纸层1；所述浸渍纸层1、过渡层2和中心层3之间通过高温高压粘合连接。
所述过渡层2为刨花纤维层结构；所述中心层为改性木塑板。
为了便于牢固连接，所述中心层3和过渡层2的上下两面还可以分别设有打毛凹凸层。
所述复合板的生产工艺流程如下：
1）原生材经粉碎、打磨、烘干、筛选，生产出合格刨花纤维备用；环保胶水制好备用。
2）在专用自动生产线上进行中心层两面复合过渡层的生产作业；制备好的过渡层刨花纤维通过自动拌胶、施胶系统与胶水均匀混合；混合料经铺装机专用皮带运输机送至铺装机料仓；铺装机的料耙及钻石辊组合，将刨花纤维均匀的铺在铺装机传送皮带上至规定厚度；铺装机传送带自动前行至装板工位，将中心层置于铺好刨花纤维的皮带上，放正。
3）随着铺装机传送带的自动传输，铺装机另一铺头将上刨花纤维均匀的铺在中心层上面；这样中心层上下面都均匀的铺好了刨花纤维过渡层，即为板坯毛料。
4）板坯毛料在生产线上运行，按规定工艺经预压成形、热压机热压固化、锯边机裁边等工序，最后形成了胶合板上下两面都牢固结合刨花纤维的合格板坯。
将上述板坯在砂光机上砂光（经粗砂，精砂两道工序）后，通过双层贴面热压机在板坯上下面经高温高压覆浸渍纸。
本发明中的过渡层采用刨花纤维板，且过渡层和中心层两面经过打毛打花处理，表面的粗糙度高，粘附性强；该复合板表面质量好，合格率高，经久耐用，克服了现有生态板表面贴纸易开裂、碳化、脱落的弊端；并且，生产工艺简单，生产效率高，生产成本大大降低，克服了现有生态板工艺复杂、生产周期长、成本高的缺点。
实施例2
本发明还涉及中心层的改进，所述中心层为改性木塑板，具体地，按照如下工艺制备而得：
1）按照重量份称取原料备用：木纤维50-70份，聚丙烯树脂7-9份，阻燃剂3-5份，无机填料3-5份，聚乙烯醇2-3份，固化剂1-2份，玻璃纤维0.3-0.5份；
所述阻燃剂由红磷和磷酸三丁酯按照2:1的质量比混合而成；
所述无机填料由碳化硅和氧化铝按照1:1的质量比混合而成；
所述固化剂按照如下工艺制备而得：将甲苯二异氰酸酯和醋酸丁酯按照3:1的体积比投入到反应器中，加热至60℃，保温条件下，200rpm搅拌30min，然后滴加与醋酸丁酯相同体积的三羟甲基丙烷，30min滴加完毕，然后添加0.5%质量份的硬脂酸钙，继续以200rpm搅拌120min，即得固化剂。
2）首先将聚丙烯树脂、阻燃剂以及聚乙烯醇混合均匀，得到阻燃树脂；将木纤维加入到搅拌仓中，然后加入阻燃树脂、无机填料以及玻璃纤维，500rpm搅拌3min，然后喷淋固化剂，继续以500rpm搅拌10min；然后通过烘干机进行烘干，再进入成型板机中，通入蒸汽，控制蒸汽的通入时间，成型板材；成型后的板材经过烘干房烘干陈化24-36h，烘房温度60-65℃，然后放置自然条件下陈化7d以上；最后采用切割机对陈化好的板材进行切割，即得改性木塑板。
经检测，上述工艺制备而得改性木塑板的冲击强度34.9kJ/cm2；静曲强度57.8Mpa；导热系数为0.016W/(m·k)；邵氏硬度69HD；燃烧性能B1级；吸水率0.021%；尺寸稳定性（ GB/T8811“30℃，48小时”）0.26%；甲醛和苯类气体未检测出。
实施例3
本发明还检测了固化剂对改性木塑板的性能影响：
对照组选用常用的聚氨酯固化剂，其余同实施例2；各性能参数分别为：冲击强度33.6kJ/cm2；导热系数为0.027W/(m·k)；吸水率0.046%；尺寸稳定性（ GB/T8811“30℃，48小时”）0.32%。由此可见，本发明固化剂配伍合理，能够有效地提高板材性能，优于现有技术常用的固化剂。
实施例4
阻燃剂和无机填料对改性木塑板性能的影响：
对照1：不添加阻燃剂，其余同实施例2；对照2：不添加无机填料，其余同实施例2；对照3：不添加阻燃剂和无机填料。具体性能参数见表1：
表1
| 组别 | 对照1 | 对照2 | 对照3 |
| 燃烧性能 | B2 | B2 | B3 |
| 冲击强度kJ/cm2 | 30.9 | 17.2 | 16.7 |
| 邵氏硬度HD | 67 | 43 | 41 |
| 尺寸稳定性 % | 0.27 | 0.31 | 0.33 |
最后，还需要注意的是，以上列举的仅是本发明的若干个具体实施例。显然，本发明不限于以上实施例，还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形，均应认为是本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种新型木质复合板，它包括中心层（3）；其特征是，
所述中心层（3）的上下两面分别设有过渡层（2）；所述过渡层（2）的上下两面分别设有浸渍纸层（1）；所述浸渍纸层（1）、过渡层（2）和中心层（3）之间通过高温高压粘合连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合板，其特征是，所述中心层（3）和过渡层（2）的上下两面分别设有打毛凹凸层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合板，其特征是，所述过渡层（2）为刨花纤维层；所述中心层（3）为改性木塑板。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合板，其特征是，所述复合板的生产工艺包括如下步骤：
1）原生材经粉碎、打磨、烘干、筛选，生产出刨花纤维备用；胶水制好备用；
2）刨花纤维与胶水均匀混合得到混合料，经铺装机专用皮带运输机送至铺装机料仓；将刨花纤维均匀的铺在铺装机传送皮带上至规定厚度，将中心层置于铺好刨花纤维的皮带上；
3）随着铺装机传送带的自动传输，铺装机另一铺头将上刨花纤维均匀的铺在中心层上面，即得板坯毛料；
4）板坯毛料在生产线上运行，经预压成形、热压机热压固化、锯边机裁边工序，形成上下两面都牢固结合刨花纤维的板坯；
5）将上述板坯在砂光机上砂光后，通过双层贴面热压机在板坯上下面经高温高压覆浸渍纸，即得。
5.根据权利要求3所述的复合板，其特征是，所述改性木塑板按照如下工艺制备而得：
1）按照重量份称取原料备用：木纤维50-70份，聚丙烯树脂7-9份，阻燃剂3-5份，无机填料3-5份，聚乙烯醇2-3份，固化剂1-2份，玻璃纤维0.3-0.5份；
2）首先将聚丙烯树脂、阻燃剂以及聚乙烯醇混合均匀，得到阻燃树脂；将木纤维加入到搅拌仓中，然后加入阻燃树脂、无机填料以及玻璃纤维，500rpm搅拌3min，然后喷淋固化剂，继续以500rpm搅拌10min；然后通过烘干机进行烘干，再进入成型板机中，通入蒸汽，控制蒸汽的通入时间，成型板材；成型后的板材经过烘干房烘干陈化24-36h，烘房温度60-65℃，然后放置自然条件下陈化7d以上；最后采用切割机对陈化好的板材进行切割，即得改性木塑板。
6.根据权利要求5所述的复合板，其特征是，所述阻燃剂由红磷和磷酸三丁酯按照2:1的质量比混合而成。
7.根据权利要求5所述的复合板，其特征是，所述无机填料由碳化硅和氧化铝按照1:1的质量比混合而成。
8.根据权利要求5所述的复合板，其特征是，所述固化剂按照如下工艺制备而得：将甲苯二异氰酸酯和醋酸丁酯按照3:1的体积比投入到反应器中，加热至60℃，保温条件下，200rpm搅拌30min，然后滴加与醋酸丁酯相同体积的三羟甲基丙烷，30min滴加完毕，再添加0.5%质量份的硬脂酸钙，继续以200rpm搅拌120min，即得固化剂。
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