CN107249438B - 用于房性心律失常事件检测的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于房性心律失常事件检测的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN107249438B
CN107249438B CN201680011058.3A CN201680011058A CN107249438B CN 107249438 B CN107249438 B CN 107249438B CN 201680011058 A CN201680011058 A CN 201680011058A CN 107249438 B CN107249438 B CN 107249438B
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S·萨卡
D·L·汉森
G·A·奈特泽尔
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Abstract

描述了用于标识P波的技术以及用于实现所述技术的设备。一种可植入医疗设备标识心脏信号内的一个或多个R波,确定与所述一个或多个R波相关联的一个或多个P波感测窗口,基于所述一个或多个确定的P波感测窗口来确定特性P波感测窗口,确定所述心脏信号在所述特性P波感测窗口内的一阶导数和二阶导数,分析所述心脏信号在所述特性P波窗口内的所述一阶导数和所述二阶导数以便确定所述心脏信号在所述特性P波感测窗口的第一部分内的第一信号特性集合以及所述心脏信号在所述特性P波感测窗口的第二部分内的第二信号特性集合,并且基于所述第一和所述第二信号特性集合来检测所述P波。

Description

用于房性心律失常事件检测的方法和装置
技术领域
本公开总体上涉及可植入心脏医疗设备,并且具体地涉及一种用于在可植入心脏医疗设备中检测房性快速性心律失常事件的方法和装置。
背景技术
在正常窦性心律(NSR)期间,通过由位于右心房壁中的窦房(SA)结产生的电信号来调节心跳。由SA结产生的每个心房去极化信号遍布于心房上(从而引起心房的去极化和收缩)并且达到房室(A-V)结。A-V结通过将心室去极化信号传播通过心室隔的希氏束并且随后到达右心室和左心室的束支和浦肯野肌纤维来作出反应。
房性快速性心律失常包括心房纤颤的无组织形式以及各种程度的有组织房性心动过速,包括心房扑动。由于心房中的多个局灶触发或者由于心房基质的变化引起通过不同心房区域的传导的非均匀性而发生心房纤颤(AF)。异位触发可能起源于左心房或右心房或肺静脉中的任何地方。AC结将被频繁且不规则的心房激动轰击,但是将仅在AV结不应时传导去极化信号。心室周期长度将是不规则的并且将取决于AV结的不应性的不同状态。
过去,由于对这些心律失常相对无害的感知,房性心律失常很大程度上得不到足够的治疗。由于已经了解了持续房性心律失常的更严重后果(比如,相对更严重的室性心律失常的相关联风险以及中风),所以对监测和治疗房性心律失常的兴趣越来越高。
用于将在本源上为房性的心律失常与源于室性的心律失常进行区分的方法已经被开发用于双腔室可植入设备,其中,心房EGM信号和心室EGM信号是可用的。区分心律失常可依赖于事件间期(PP间期和RR间期)、事件模式以及EGM形态。已经表明这种方法能够可靠地将室性心律失常与室上性心律失常进行区分。此外,在具有可接受信噪比的适当心房EGM信号不总是可用于检测并区分房性心律失常的情况下,这种方法已经被开发用于单腔室可植入设备、皮下可植入设备以及外部监测设备中。
有时,在具有不规则联律间期或潜在窦变化/病态窦的连续异位心律期间,皮下设备中可能发生对心房纤颤的错误检测。此外,在异位以及规则的正常窦性心律期间,皮下设备中可能发生对房性心动过速的错误检测。因此,需要的是一种用于在医疗设备中提升对房性快速性心律失常的检测以减少错误检测的方法。
附图说明
图1是根据本公开的实施例的用于检测心律失常的示例性医疗设备的示意图。
图2是图1的医疗设备的功能示意图。
图3是根据本公开的实施例的一种用于检测房性心律失常的方法的流程图。
图4是根据本公开的实施例的检测房性心律失常的示意图。
图5是根据本公开的实施例的一种在医疗设备中检测房性心律失常的方法的流程图。
图6是根据本公开的实施例的在医疗设备中检测房性心律失常的示意图。
具体实施方式
在以下说明中,参考用于执行本文中所描述的方法的说明性实施例。应当理解的是,在不背离本公开的范围的情况下,可以利用其他实施例。
在各实施例中,心室信号用于确定用于检测房性心律失常的连续心室周期长度。房性心律失常检测方法不需要作为心房信号源而定位在心房内以便直接感测心脏内的心房信号的电极;即所述设备可以是单腔室设备(具有仅定位在心室内的电极)、或者皮下设备(不具有定位在心脏内的电极)。可以在可植入或外部医疗设备中的软件、硬件或固件中使本文中所呈现的方法具体化。这种设备包括具有心脏EGM/ECG监测能力和相关联EGM/ECG感测电极的可植入监测设备,所述感测电极可以是心内电极、心外膜电极、或皮下电极。
本文中所描述的方法还可结合到具有治疗递送能力的可植入医疗设备中,比如,在心室中感测R波并且向心室递送电刺激治疗的单腔室或双心室起搏系统或ICD。当前公开的房性心律失常检测方法还可以结合到具有耦合至患者皮肤以便检测R波的ECG电极的外部监测器(例如,霍尔特监测器(Holter monitor))中或者结合在对预先记录的ECG和EGM数据进行分析的计算机化系统内。可以在患者监测系统(比如,集中式计算机系统,所述集中式计算机系统对由可植入或可穿戴监测设备(包括具有环路记录器的皮下设备)向其发送的数据进行处理)中进一步实现实施例。
图1是根据本公开的实施例的用于检测心律失常的示例性医疗设备的示意图。如图1中所展示的,根据本公开的实施例的医疗设备可以采用可植入心脏复律除颤器(ICD)10、连接器块12(容纳右心室引线16的近端、右心房引线15的近端和冠状窦引线6的近端)的形式,这些引线用于将用于感测和刺激的电极定位在三个或四个心脏腔室中。右心室引线16被定位成使得其远端处于右心室中以用于感测右心室心脏信号并且在右心室中递送起搏或电击脉冲。出于这些目的,右心室引线16配备有环形电极24、可收缩地安装在电极头28内的可伸缩螺旋电极26、以及线圈电极20,所述电极中的每个电极连接至引线16的本体内的绝缘导体。绝缘导体的近端耦合至由引线16的近端处用于向ICD 10提供电连接的分叉连接器14承载的相应连接器。应当理解的是,虽然图1中所展示的设备为双腔室设备,但是其他设备(诸如单腔室设备)可以用于执行本文中所描述的本公开的技术。
右心房引线15被定位成使得其远端处于右心房和上腔静脉附近。引线15配备有用于在右心房中进行感测和起搏的环形电极21和可伸缩螺旋电极17,所述可伸缩螺旋电极可收缩地安装在电极头19内。引线15进一步配备有用于递送高能量电击治疗的线圈电极23。环形电极21、螺旋电极17以及线圈电极23各自连接至右心室引线15的本体内的绝缘导体上。每个绝缘导体在其近端处耦合至由分叉连接器13承载的连接器。
冠状窦引线6经由冠状窦和心大静脉在心脏的左侧的脉管系统内前进。在图1的实施例中,冠状窦引线6被示出为具有除颤线圈电极8,所述除颤线圈电极可以与线圈电极20或者线圈电极23组合地用于递送用于心律转复和除颤治疗的电击。在其他实施例中,冠状窦引线6还可以配备有用于在心脏左腔室中进行起搏和感测功能的远端尖端电极和环形电极。线圈电极8耦合至引线6的本体内的绝缘导体,所述本体提供与近端连接器4的连接。
电极17和21或24和26可以用作真双极对(通常被称为“尖端到环”配置)。进一步地,电极17和线圈电极23或电极24和线圈电极20可以用作集成双极对(通常被称为“尖端到线圈”配置)。根据本发明,ICD 10可以例如在检测到过度感测时将电极配置从尖端到环配置(例如,真双极感测)调整到尖端到线圈配置(例如,集成双极感测)以便降低未来过度感测的可能性。换言之,可响应于检测到过度感测而重新选择电极极性以努力降低过度感测的易感性。在一些情况下,电极17、21、24和26可以单独地用于单极配置中,其中设备外壳11充当中性电极,通常被称为“罐”或“壳”电极。
设备外壳11还可以与除颤线圈电极8、20或23中的一个或多个除颤线圈电极组合地充当用于对心房或心室进行除颤的皮下除颤电极。应当认识到的是,替代性引线系统可以代替图1中所展示的三引线系统。虽然在图1中展示了特定多腔室ICD和引线系统,但是本发明中所包括的方法可以被适配成与任何单腔室、双腔室或多腔室ICD或起搏器系统;皮下可植入设备或其他内部或外部心脏监测设备一起使用。
ICD 10可以替代性地被配置为皮下设备,所述皮下设备具有并入所述设备的外壳11上的感测电极或起搏电极,在这种情况下,无需经静脉引线。皮下设备可以耦合至皮下或肌肉下遂穿的引线以用于递送经胸起搏脉冲和/或感测ECG信号。在共同转让的美国专利申请号14/604,111和14/604,260中描述了示例性皮下设备。本文中所描述的技术还可在外部设备(例如,包括贴片电极以及可选地另一生理传感器(如果期望的话))中实现,所述外部设备可感测如本文中所描述的变量参数。
图2是图1的医疗设备的功能示意图。此图应当被认为是对可以具体化本发明的设备类型的示例并且不被认为是限制性的。图2中所示的所公开的实施例是微处理器控制设备,但是还可以使用其他类型的设备(比如,采用专用数字电路系统的设备)来实践本发明的方法。
对于图1中所展示的电极系统,ICD 10提供有多个用于实现与引线6、15和16及其对应电极的电连接的连接端子。连接端子311向在单极刺激或感测期间用作中性电极的外壳11提供电连接。连接端子320、313和318分别向线圈电极20、8和23提供电连接。这些连接端子311、320、313和318中的每个连接端子耦合至高压输出电路234以便促进使用线圈电极8、20和23中的一个或多个线圈电极以及(可选地)外壳11来向心脏递送高能电击脉冲。
连接端子317和321向定位在右心房中的螺旋电极17和环形电极21提供电连接。连接端子317和321进一步耦合至心房感测放大器204以用于感测心房信号(诸如P波)。连接端子326和324向定位在右心室中的螺旋电极26和环形电极24提供电连接。连接端子326和324进一步耦合至心室感测放大器200以用于感测心室信号。
心房感测放大器204和心室感测放大器200优选地采用具有可调灵敏度的自动增益控制放大器的形式。根据本发明,ICD 10和(更具体地)微处理器224响应于检测到过度感测而自动地调整心房感测放大器204、心室感测放大器200或两者的灵敏度,以便降低过度感测的可能性。心室感测放大器200和心房感测放大器204根据原始编程的感测参数进行操作达多个心动周期,并且在检测到过度感测时自动提供矫正动作以避免未来过度感测。以此方式,由ICD 10提供给放大器200和204以避免未来过度感测的调整在本质上是动态的。具体地,在检测到过度感测时,微处理器224增大放大器的灵敏度值,由此降低了灵敏度。心房感测放大器204和心室感测放大器200从起搏器定时和控制电路系统212接收定时信息。
具体地,心房感测放大器204和心室感测放大器200接收消隐期输入(例如,分别地,ABLANK和VBLANK),所述消隐期输入指示“断开”电极以便阻止由于所施加的起搏脉冲或除颤电击而产生的饱和的时间量。如将要描述的,可以由ICD 10自动调整心房感测放大器204和心室感测放大器200的消隐期以及进而与对应放大器相关联的感测电极的消隐期以便降低过度感测的可能性。对心室感测放大器200和心房感测放大器204的一般操作可以与(由凯梅尔(Keimel)等人)在美国专利号5,117,824中公开的一般操作相对应。每当心房感测放大器204接收的信号超过心房灵敏度时,在P输出信号线206上生成信号。每当心室感测放大器200接收到的信号超过心室灵敏度时,在R输出信号线202上生成信号。
开关矩阵208用于选择可用电极中的哪些可用电极耦合至宽带放大器210上以用于数字信号分析。对电极的选择由微处理器224经由数据/地址总线218控制。可以根据ICD10的各种感测、起搏、心律转复和除颤功能的需要而改变所选电极配置。具体地,微处理器224可以基于检测到由于心源性或非心源性而造成的过度感测而修改电极配置。例如,在检测到R波过度感测时,微处理器224可以将右心室的电极配置从真双极感测(例如,尖端到环)修改为集成双极感测(例如,尖端到线圈)。
来自被选择为用于耦合至带通放大器210的电极的信号被提供到多路复用器220,并且此后由A/D转换器222转换为多位数字信号以便在直接存储器存取电路228的控制下经由数据/地址总线218存储在随机存取存储器226中。微处理器224可以采用数字信号分析技术来表征存储在随机存取存储器226中的数字化信号以便采用本领域中已知的众多信号处理方法中的任一种对患者的心律进行识别和分类。在授予奥尔森(Olson)等人的美国专利号5,545,186中描述了一种示例性快速性心律失常识别系统。
在检测到心律失常时,EGM数据中的发作连同所感测到的间期以及对所感测到的事件的相应注释可以优选地存储在随机存取存储器226中。所存储的EGM信号可以从经编程的近场和/或远场感测电极对中感测到。通常,近场感测电极对包括位于心房或心室中的尖端电极和环形电极,比如,电极17和21或电极26和24。远场感测电极对包括被间隔得更远的电极,诸如以下各项中的任何项:除颤线圈电极8、20或23连同外壳11;尖端电极17或26连同外壳11;尖端电极17或26连同除颤线圈电极20或23;或心房尖端电极17连同心室环形电极24。在授予巴尔迪(Bardy)的美国专利号5,193,535中描述了对心律失常发作的近场和远场EGM感测的使用。在授予马科维茨(Markowitz)的美国专利4,374,382中描述了对所感测到的事件的可以与EGM数据一起显示和存储的注释。
遥测电路330通过天线332从(如在可植入抗心律失常设备中常规的)外部编程器接收下行遥测并且将上行遥测发送到所述外部编程器。待上行传输到编程器的数据和用于遥测电路的控制信号由微处理器224经由地址/数据总线218提供。可以使用遥测电路330将在心律失常检测时已经存储的或者如由其他监测算法触发的EGM数据向上传输至外部编程器。所接收的遥测经由多路复用器220被提供至微处理器224。可以使用本领域中已知的用于可植入设备中的众多类型的遥测系统。
图2中所展示的电路系统的剩余部分为专用于提供心脏起搏、心脏复律和除颤治疗的电路系统的示例性实施例。起搏器定时和控制电路系统212包括可编程数字计数器,所述可编程数字计数器对与在心房或心室中递送的各种单腔室、双腔室或多腔室起搏模式或抗心动过速起搏治疗相关联的基本时间间期进行控制。起搏器电路系统212还在微处理器224的控制下确定心脏起搏脉冲的振幅。
在起搏期间,在感测到如由线202和206上的信号所指示的R波或P波时,起搏器定时和控制电路系统212内的逸搏间期计数器分别被重置。根据所选起搏模式,起搏脉冲由心房起搏器输出电路214和心室起搏器输出电路216生成。起搏器输出电路214和216经由开关矩阵208耦合至期望起搏电极。在生成起搏脉冲时逸搏间期计数器被重置并且由此控制心脏起搏功能(包括抗心动过速起搏)的基本定时。
逸搏间期的持续时间由微处理器224经由数据/地址总线218确定。当逸搏间期计数器通过所感测到的R波或P波重置时,在逸搏间期计数器中存在的计数值可以用于测量R-R间期和P-P间期,以用于检测各种心律失常的发生。
微处理器224包括相关联只读存储器(ROM),所存储的对微处理器224的操作进行控制的程序驻留在所述ROM中。随机存取存储器(RAM)226的一部分可以被配置为多个再循环缓冲器,这些再循环缓冲器能够保持一系列测量间期以供微处理器224进行分析,以便预测或诊断心律失常的。
响应于检测到心动过速,可以通过根据所检测到的心动过速的类型将来自微处理器224的方案加载到起搏器定时和控制电路系统212中来递送抗心动过速起搏治疗。如果需要更高压心律转复或除颤脉冲,则微处理器224激活心律转复和除颤控制电路系统230以便发起在高压充电控制线240的控制下经由充电电路236对高压电容器246和248进行充电。高压电容器上的电压经由电压电容器(VCAP)线244来监测,所述VCAP线经过多路复用器220。当电压达到由微处理器224设置的预定值时,在电容器充满(CF)线254上生成逻辑信号,由此终止充电。除颤和心律转复脉冲在起搏器定时和控制电路系统212的控制下由输出电路234经由控制总线238递送至心脏。输出电路234确定用于递送心律转复或除颤脉冲的电极以及脉冲波形。
在一个实施例中,ICD 10可以配备有患者通知系统150。本领域中已知的任何患者通知方法可以用于比如生成可感知的抽搐刺激或可听见的声音。患者通知系统可以包括音频换能器,所述音频换能器发出可听见的声音,包括存储在模拟存储器中并且与编程或询问操作算法或与如在授予格里林戈尔(Greeninger)等人的美国专利号6,067,473中总体上描述的警告触发事件关联的有声声明或乐音。
图3是根据本公开的实施例的一种用于检测房性心律失常的方法的流程图。如图3中所展示的,为了判定所感测到的心脏信号是否为房性快速性心律失常事件,所述设备判定所述心脏信号是否包含P波部分,其结果用于增强房性快速性心律失常判定过程。例如,就是否检测到P波所做出的判定可以用于基于具有展现出区别特征(当在洛伦兹散点图中标绘时,诸如由里切尔(Ritscher)等人在美国专利号7,031,765中或者萨卡尔(Sarkar)的美国专利号8,639,316中总体上公开的)的RR间期的心室周期的不规则性来增强对房性心律失常的检测。由萨卡尔(Sarkar)等人在美国专利号7,623,911中以及在美国专利号7,537,569中并且由霍本(Houben)在美国专利号7,627,368中总体上公开了其他房性心律失常确定方法。
根据一个实施例,例如,在判定信号特性以用于增强房性快速性心律失常检测期间,所述设备感测心脏信号并且响应于所感测到的心脏信号使用任何已知的心脏信号感测和检测方案(诸如由凯梅尔(Keimel)等人在美国专利号5,117,824中公开的方案)来标识R波。在检测到与所感测到的心脏信号相关联的R波时(框300),所述设备判定所述R波是否满足一个或多个RR间期参数(框302),如下所述。如果未满足一个RR间期参数或多个RR间期参数(框302中的否),则所述设备等待下一感测到的R波(框300),并且使用下一R波来重复过程框300-302。如果满足一个RR间期参数或多个RR间期参数(框302中的是),则所述设备确定与所述R波相关联的P波窗口(框304),如下所述。
在确定所述P波窗口时,所述设备判定是否已经标识了预定数量的R波(框306)。满足框306中的判定所需的所述预定数量的R波可以被设置为一个或多个R波,并且根据一个实施例被设置为例如四个R波。如果尚未标识所述预定数量的R波并且因此需要下一R波(框306中的是),则所述设备等待下一感测到的R波(框300),并且使用下一R波来重复过程框300-306。如果已经标识了所述预定数量的R波并且因此不需要下一R波时(框306中的否),则所述设备确定P波证据(框308),如下所述,并且利用所确定的P波证据来增强房性心律失常检测(框310),如例如在共同转让的美国专利申请号14/695,111(代理人案号:C00002902.USU5)中所描述的。
图4是根据本公开的实施例的检测房性心律失常的示意图。如图3和图4中所展示的,为了在框302中判定所感测到的R波320是否满足RR间期参数,所述设备判定在当前R波320与先前感测到的R波324之间延伸的RR间期322是否大于间期阈值(诸如例如780ms)。如果RR间期322不大于所述间期阈值,则未满足RR间期参数(框302中的否),并且利用下一RR间期326来重复所述过程。如果RR间期322大于所述间期阈值,则满足RR间期参数(框302中的是)。
根据另一实施例,在框302中关于是否已经满足RR间期参数的判定中,还可以包括附加RR间期参数。例如,将R波326用作示例,除了判定相关联RR间期340是否满足RR间期阈值之外,所述设备还可以将同当前R波326相关联的RR间期340与一个或多个先前确定的RR间期(诸如例如间期322)进行比较,并且判定与当前RR间期340相关联的相对变化是否大于变化阈值(诸如例如100ms)。如果与当前RR间期相关联的相对变化不大于所述变化阈值,则在框302中未满足RR间期参数。如果与当前RR间期相关联的相对变化大于所述变化阈值,则在框302中满足RR间期参数。
以此方式,如果未满足RR间期参数之一,则不做出P波窗口判定,并且利用下一R波来重复所述过程。如果满足RR间期参数或RR间期参数之一,则在框302中满足RR间期参数,并且所述设备确定与R波320相关联的P波窗口328以用于判定R波320是否包括相关联P波。例如,为了确定P波窗口328,所述设备确定位于R波之前的预定距离332(诸如例如620ms)的P波窗口起点330、以及位于P波起点330之后的预定距离336(诸如例如600ms)处的P波窗口终点334,从而使得P波窗口328在P波起点330与P波终点334之间延伸600ms。每当确定P波窗口328时,将P波计数器更新一,直到预定数量的P波窗口被标识,诸如例如四个P波窗口。
图5是根据本公开的实施例的一种在医疗设备中检测房性心律失常的方法的流程图。响应于预定数量的P波被标识(图3的框306中的否),所述设备确定用于判定是否有可能检测到P波的P波证据(框308),并且利用所确定的P波证据来增强房性心律失常检测(框310),如例如在共同转让的美国专利申请号14/695,111(代理人案号:C00002902.USU5)中所描述的。如图5中所展示的,在确定P波证据期间,所述设备响应于当前确定的P波而确定特性P波(框360)。例如,根据一个实施例,所述设备根据四个所确定的P波来确定平均P波,所述平均P波被标识为特性P波。然后将相关联P波窗口划分为基线部分(框362)和P波部分(框364),并且针对所述基线窗口和所述P波窗口中的一者或两者确定信号特性(框366)。然后基于所确定的信号特性做出特性P波是否被确认为是P波的判定(框368)。
如果特性P波未被确认为是P波(框368中的否),则所述设备等待有待标识的下一预定数量的P波,图3的框306中的是,并且使用下一标识的P波来重复所述过程(框360-368)。如果特性P波被确认为是P波(框368中的是),则所述设备利用存在P波的判定来增强房性心律失常检测(框370),如例如在共同转让的美国专利申请号14/695,111(代理人案号:C00002902.USU5)中所描述的。
图6是根据本公开的实施例的在医疗设备中检测房性心律失常的示意图。如图5和图6中所展示的,为了确定P波证据(图3的框308),所述设备确定特性P波400,所述特性P波具有通过对所确定的四个P波窗口求平均而确定的特性P波窗口402,如上所述。所述设备将P波窗口402划分为基线部分404(从P波窗口起点406延伸至窗口的中点408)以及P波部分410(从窗口的中点408延伸至P波窗口终点412)。所述设备确定P波信号的一阶导数414以及P波信号的二阶导数416,并且确定与一阶导数信号414在一阶导数信号窗口402的基线部分404内的正向过零点418相关联的相应二阶导数值420。在一个实施例中,P波信号的一阶导数可被计算为被八个样本间隔开的点之间的差,并且二阶导数可被计算为被一阶导数中的四个样本间隔开的点之间的差。
所述设备确定与正向过零点418相关联的二阶导数值420的最大幅值,并且所确定的最大幅值然后用于生成第一阈值422,以用于评估二阶导数窗口402的P波部分410内的二阶导数P波信号416。根据一个实施例,阈值422被设置为二阶导数值420的最大值的倍数,诸如例如是二阶导数值420的最大值的两倍。
以相同的方式,所述设备针对导数信号414在窗口402的基线部分404内的每个负向过零点424确定相应的二阶导数值426。确定与负向一阶导数过零点424相关联的二阶导数值426的最小幅值,并且所确定的最小幅值然后用于生成第二阈值428,以用于评估窗口402的P波部分410内的二阶导数P波信号416。根据一个实施例,阈值428被设置为二阶导数值426的最小值的倍数,诸如例如是二阶导数值426的最小值的两倍。
使用响应于所确定的二阶导数值420的最大值而确定的第一阈值422,所述设备针对一阶导数信号在一阶导数窗口的P波部分410内的每个正向过零点430确定二阶导数信号在相应二阶导数信号416的P波部分410内的相应幅值432。所述设备将二阶导数信号416信号在窗口402的P波部分410内的所产生的最大幅值432与第一阈值422进行比较。类似地,使用响应于所确定的二阶导数值420的最小值而确定的第二阈值422,所述设备针对一阶导数信号414的一个或多个负向过零点434将二阶导数信号416信号在窗口402的P波部分410内的相应最小幅值436与第二阈值428进行比较。
如果被确定为大于或等于第一阈值422的最大幅值432的数量等于一或者被确定为小于或等于第二阈值428的最小幅值432的数量等于一,则确定已经发生P波(图5的框368中的是)。如果被确定为大于或等于第一阈值422的最大幅值432的数量和被确定为小于或等于第二阈值428的最小幅值432的数量两者均不等于一,则确定尚未发生P波(图5的框368中的否)。然后在确定房性心律失常事件期间使用对P波是否被标识进行判定的结果,如例如在共同转让的美国专利申请号14/695,111(代理人案号:C00002902.USU5)中所描述的。
因此,在前述描述中已经参照具体实施例呈现了装置和方法。应当认识到,可以在不脱离如在以下权利要求中所阐述的本发明的范围的情况下对参考实施例做出各种修改。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于标识心脏信号中的P波的可植入医疗设备,所述可植入医疗设备包括:
多个电极,所述多个电极被配置用于感测所述心脏信号;以及
处理器,所述处理器被配置用于:标识所述心脏信号内的一个或多个R波,确定与所述一个或多个R波相关联的一个或多个P波感测窗口,基于所述一个或多个确定的P波感测窗口来确定特性P波感测窗口,确定所述心脏信号在所述特性P波感测窗口内的一阶导数,确定所述心脏信号在所述特性P波感测窗口内的二阶导数,分析所述心脏信号在所述特性P波窗口内的所述一阶导数和所述二阶导数以便确定所述心脏信号在所述特性P波感测窗口的第一部分内的第一信号特性集合以及所述心脏信号在所述特性P波感测窗口的第二部分内的第二信号特性集合,并且基于所述第一和所述第二信号特性集合来检测所述P波。
2.如权利要求1所述的医疗设备,其中,所述处理器进一步被配置用于:
通过确定所述心脏信号的所述一阶导数在所述特性P波感测窗口的所述第一部分内的过零点以及确定所述心脏信号的所述二阶导数在所述特性P波感测窗口的所述第一部分内的与所述心脏信号的所述一阶导数在所述特性P波感测窗口的所述第一部分内所确定的过零点相对应的幅值,来确定所述心脏信号在所述特性P波感测窗口的所述第一部分内的所述第一信号特性集合,并且
通过确定所述心脏信号的所述一阶导数在所述特性P波感测窗口的所述第二部分内的过零点以及确定所述心脏信号的所述二阶导数在所述特性P波感测窗口的所述第二部分内的与所述心脏信号的所述一阶导数在所述特性P波感测窗口的所述第二部分内所确定的过零点相对应的幅值,来确定所述心脏信号在所述特性P波感测窗口的所述第二部分内的所述第二信号特性集合。
3.如权利要求2所述的医疗设备,其中,所述处理器进一步被配置用于:确定所述心脏信号的所述二阶导数的与在所述特性P波感测窗口的所述第一部分内的正向过零点相对应的所确定的幅值中的最大幅值;基于所确定的最大幅值来设置正幅值阈值;将所述心脏信号的所述二阶导数的与在所述特性P波感测窗口的所述第二部分内的正向过零点相对应的所述幅值与所述正幅值阈值进行比较;并且至少基于与所述正幅值阈值的所述比较来检测所述P波。
4.如权利要求3所述的医疗设备,其中,所述处理器进一步被配置用于:确定所述心脏信号的所述二阶导数与在所述特性P波感测窗口的所述第一部分内的负向过零点相对应的所确定的幅值中的最小幅值;基于所确定的最小幅值来设置负幅值阈值;将所述心脏信号的所述二阶导数的与在所述特性P波感测窗口的所述第二部分内的负向过零点相对应的所述幅值与所述负幅值阈值进行比较;并且至少基于与所述负幅值阈值的所述比较来检测所述P波。
5.如权利要求4所述的医疗设备,其中,所述处理器被配置用于进行以下各项中的至少一项:将所述正幅值阈值设置为所述最大幅值的倍数;以及将所述负幅值阈值设置为所述最小幅值的倍数。
6.如权利要求3至5中任一项所述的医疗设备,其中,所述处理器被配置用于:确定所述心脏信号的所述二阶导数的与在所述特性P波感测窗口的所述第二部分内的正向过零点相对应的所述幅值大于或等于所述正幅值阈值的第一次数,并且在所述心脏信号的所述二阶导数的与在所述特性P波感测窗口的所述第二部分内的正向过零点相对应的所述幅值大于或等于所述正幅值阈值的所述第一次数等于一时确定在所述特性P波感测窗口内已发生所述P波。
7.如权利要求4至5中任一项所述的医疗设备,其中,所述处理器被配置用于:确定所述心脏信号的所述二阶导数的与在所述特性P波感测窗口的所述第二部分内的负向过零点相对应的所述幅值小于或等于所述负幅值阈值的第二次数,并且在所述心脏信号的所述二阶导数的与在所述特性P波感测窗口的所述第二部分内的负向过零点相对应的所述幅值小于或等于所述负幅值阈值的所述第二次数等于一时确定在所述特性P波感测窗口内已发生所述P波。
8.如权利要求4至5中任一项所述的医疗设备,其中,所述处理器被配置用于:在所述心脏信号的所述二阶导数的与在所述特性P波感测窗口的所述第二部分内的正向过零点相对应的所述幅值大于或等于所述正幅值阈值的第一次数不等于一并且在所述心脏信号的所述二阶导数的与在所述特性P波感测窗口的所述第二部分内的负向过零点相对应的所述幅值小于或等于所述负幅值阈值的第二次数不等于一时,确定在所述特性P波感测窗口内未发生P波。
9.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的医疗设备,其中,所述处理器通过对所述一个或多个确定的P波感测窗口的所述心脏信号求平均来确定所述特性P波窗口。
10.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的医疗设备,其中,所述处理器被配置用于:确定与所述一个或多个标识的R波中的每一个相关联的RR间期,判定所确定的RR间期中的每一个是否满足一个或多个RR间期参数,并且仅针对具有满足所述一个或多个RR间期参数的相关联RR间期的所述R波确定所述一个或多个P波感测窗口。
11.如权利要求10所述的医疗设备,其中,所述一个或多个RR间期参数至少包括间期长度参数,并且RR间期在所述RR间期大于间期阈值时满足所述间期长度参数。
12.如权利要求10所述的医疗设备,其中,所述一个或多个RR间期参数至少包括相对变化参数,并且RR间期在RR间期相比于前一RR间期已经改变了多于相对变化阈值时满足所述相对变化参数。
13.如权利要求1至5以及11至12中任一项所述的医疗设备,其中,所述医疗设备包括皮下设备。
14.如权利要求1至5以及11至12中任一项所述的医疗设备,其中,所述特性P波感测窗口的所述第一部分为基线部分,并且所述特性P波感测窗口的所述第二部分为P波部分。
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