CN107245876A - 一种基于纳米二氧化钛的光催化自清洁面料 - Google Patents
一种基于纳米二氧化钛的光催化自清洁面料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107245876A CN107245876A CN201710486981.9A CN201710486981A CN107245876A CN 107245876 A CN107245876 A CN 107245876A CN 201710486981 A CN201710486981 A CN 201710486981A CN 107245876 A CN107245876 A CN 107245876A
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Abstract
本发明公开一种基于纳米二氧化钛的光催化自清洁面料,具体步骤为:利用铜离子对纳米TiO2进行改性,将用生物酶处理的面料浸入纳米TiO2凝胶中,然后通过交联使纳米TiO2固定在织物表面。有益效果为:本发明光催化自清洁面料自清洁效果好,光吸收范围广,不影响面料的其他性能,柔软度高,对人体无害;自清洁效率高,持久性强,满足人们的需求,提高了针织物档次、增加附加值,是完善产品性能、拓展其使用范围的重要方法,具有很大的商业价值;加工过程中能耗低,产生的污水易处理,对环境危害小,较好地符合绿色环保要求,利用推广。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及服装加工技术领域,尤其是涉及一种基于纳米二氧化钛的光催化自清洁面料。
背景技术
自清洁面料,是指经过后期加工整理进而具备表面超疏水或者光催化降解污染物能力的材料。该材料的开发,可以减少衣物的洗涤次数或实现衣物免洗,从而减少洗涤剂的使用,最终达到节能、节水和环境友好的目的。自清洁面料按机理的差异可以分为表面超疏水自清洁面料和光催化自清洁面料。超疏水自清洁面料指水接触角大于150°的表面。研究发现,荷叶具有超疏水自清洁作用是因为其表面有众多微米级的凸起,并且微米级凸起上存在着纳米级的绒毛,当雨水落到荷叶表面,会形成水珠,而不会浸润到表面,这就是“荷叶超疏水效应”。而当水珠在荷叶上滑落时会带走荷叶表面的灰尘等污染物,就有了自清洁效果。光催化自清洁面料是利用纳米TiO2在紫外光下催化降解的机理,将其负载于面料可以制备出具有自清洁功能的面料。纳米 TiO2的光催化降解污渍的机理为:在光照下,一方面,污渍(主要为有机物)中被激发的电子进入纳米TiO2颗粒的导带中,形成不稳定的染料阳离子,最终降解为CO2;另一方面,纳米TiO2导带中激发出的电子可以还原氧气,使之产生活性极高的氧自由基,随后氧自由基同其它活性极高的还原性自由基一起降解污渍。光催化自清洁面料可以节约大量的水资源并减少能源消耗,对环境的可持续发展有着巨大的贡献,在水资源日渐匮乏的今天显得尤为重要,因而有着巨大的发展前景和市场潜力。但由于纳米TiO2的光吸收范围及催化效率还不够理想,纳米TiO2颗粒与织物的相互作用较差,纳米颗粒易脱落等因素的影响,至今仍未有成熟的光催化自清洁面料上市。因此,对纳米TiO2进行改性,来提高其光催化效率和光吸收范围,以及如何提高纳米TiO2颗粒与织物之间的相互作用,来提高在织物上负载量和分散性是十分必要的。
现有技术如授权公告号为CN 103806262 B的中国发明专利,公开了一种自清洁羊毛面料的制备方法,将羊毛面料去杂质,用非离子洗涤剂清洗,然后预氧化,再用 Savinase蛋白酶处理;将处理后的羊毛面料浸渍在TiO2/SiO2混合溶胶中,干燥,固化;使用长链烷基硅烷配制有机硅烷改性溶液,将羊毛面料浸渍在有机硅烷改性溶液中,自然晾干,得到自清洁羊毛面料。该自清洁羊毛面料,自清洁效果好,效果持久,但是光催化效率和光吸收范围不够理想。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种自清洁效果好,效果持久性强,光催化效率,对人体无害,制备方法简单的基于纳米二氧化钛的光催化自清洁面料。
本发明针对上述技术中提到的问题,采取的技术方案为:一种基于纳米二氧化钛的光催化自清洁面料,包括改性纳米TiO2制备、面料前处理、生物酶前处理、抗自清洁面料制备、交联后处理,具体操作步骤为:
改性纳米TiO2制备:将20~30份无水乙醇缓慢加入15~25份钛酸四丁酯中,搅拌至混合成透明溶液,再加入1~5份硝酸铜,充分搅拌至均匀后再逐滴加入去离子水直至形成凝胶,即得改性纳米TiO2,在掺杂不同价态的金属铜离子后,由于铜离子对电子的争夺,纳米TiO2表面光生电子和光生空穴的复合的几率减少,其表面会产生更多的自由基,促进纳米 TiO2对可见光的吸收利用,光催化活性得到提高;
面料前处理:用洗涤剂清洗面料,去除残留在织物上的油脂、盐、匀染剂、渗透剂、固色剂等所有对整理剂产生影响的物质,用去离子水清洗,备用;
生物酶前处理:将面料用pH为7~10的生物酶溶液在70~80℃下处理1~2h,再用质量浓度为8~12g/L的双氧水在50~70℃漂白处理20~40min,冷水清洗,烘干备用,生物酶溶液质量浓度为25~35g/L,生物酶为淀粉酶和纤维素酶,其质量比为1:1~5,渗透剂的质量浓度为0.5~1g/L,生物酶具有三度空间形状,并以锁对钥匙的形式被吸附到某些基质的表面上,利用酶处理可增加纤维表面的官能团,增强纳米颗粒与纤维的结合牢度,且生物酶是天然产品,能耗低,污水易处理,对环境危害小,较好地符合绿色环保要求;
自清洁面料制备:将面料浸入改性纳米TiO2溶胶中,超声波震荡20~30min,织物二浸二轧,压力为1~3kg/cm2,带液率为80~90%,在75~85℃条件下预烘4~9min,然后140~160℃烘焙1~3min,即得自清洁面料,光照条件下,自清洁剂吸收波长释放出电子,空气中氧气会捕获电子,而产生强有力的自由基和活性氧,将污垢氧化成更小的粒子,例如 CO2与H2O,从而赋予纺织品自清洁性能,使针织物可在可见光照射下降解污渍,而自由基和活性氧可杀死细胞,使织物具有杀菌效果,且不影响纤维的其他性能;
交联后处理:将自清洁面料加入质量浓度为30~40g/L甲基三乙酰氧基硅烷溶液中处理3~5h,自然晾干即得基于纳米二氧化钛的光催化自清洁面料,通过交联可使纳米TiO2颗粒固定在面料表面,提高纳米颗粒与面料之间的相互作用,使得纳米颗粒不易脱落,提高自清洁持久性。
作为优选,渗透剂为活性多肽和顺丁烯二酸二仲辛酯磺酸钠的混合物,其质量比为1:30~40,活性多肽的氨基酸序列为HSHACASYSRCYCRCLRCHPGCVNCYRCSR,该活性多肽能够破坏纤维中细胞壁,改变面料中纤维的渗透压,提高其润湿性,使得蛋白酶能够更好的被吸附到面料的表面上,且不会影响面料的理化性能,该渗透剂两成份间具有协同增效作用,使得渗透剂渗透性能较好,大大提高了生物酶溶液的润湿性能,促进蛋白酶与面料的结合,且无毒,对皮肤无刺激作用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:1)本发明光催化自清洁面料自清洁效果好,在可见光照射下即可降解污渍,光吸收范围广,不影响面料的其他性能,柔软度高,对人体无害;2)自清洁效率高,持久性强,满足人们的需求,提高了针织物档次、增加附加值,是增加产品多样性的一种有效途径,是完善产品性能、拓展其使用范围的重要方法,具有很大的商业价值;3)加工过程中能耗低,产生的污水易处理,对环境危害小,较好地符合绿色环保要求,利用推广。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明方案作进一步说明:
实施例1:
一种基于纳米二氧化钛的光催化自清洁面料,包括改性纳米TiO2制备、面料前处理、生物酶前处理、抗自清洁面料制备、交联后处理,具体操作步骤为:
1)改性纳米TiO2制备:将25份无水乙醇缓慢加入20份钛酸四丁酯中,搅拌至混合成透明溶液,再加入4份硝酸铜,充分搅拌至均匀后再逐滴加入去离子水直至形成凝胶,即得改性纳米TiO2,在掺杂不同价态的金属铜离子后,由于铜离子对电子的争夺,纳米TiO2表面光生电子和光生空穴的复合的几率减少,其表面会产生更多的自由基,促进纳米 TiO2对可见光的吸收利用,光催化活性得到提高;
2)面料前处理:用洗涤剂清洗面料,去除残留在织物上的油脂、盐、匀染剂、渗透剂、固色剂等所有对整理剂产生影响的物质,用去离子水清洗,备用;
3)生物酶前处理:将面料用pH为8的生物酶溶液在75℃下处理1.5h,再用质量浓度为10g/L的双氧水在60℃漂白处理30min,冷水清洗,烘干备用,生物酶溶液质量浓度为30g/L,所用生物酶为淀粉酶和纤维素酶,其质量比为1:3,渗透剂的质量浓度为0.8g/L,生物酶具有三度空间形状,并以锁对钥匙的形式被吸附到某些基质的表面上,利用酶处理可增加纤维表面的官能团,增强纳米颗粒与纤维的结合牢度,且生物酶是天然产品,能耗低,污水易处理,对环境危害小,较好地符合绿色环保要求;
4)自清洁面料制备:将面料浸入改性纳米TiO2溶胶中,超声波震荡20~30min,织物二浸二轧,压力为2kg/cm2,带液率为82%,在78℃条件下预烘6min,然后150℃烘焙2min,即得自清洁面料,光照条件下,自清洁剂吸收波长释放出电子,空气中氧气会捕获电子,而产生强有力的自由基和活性氧,将污垢氧化成更小的粒子,例如 CO2与H2O,从而赋予纺织品自清洁性能,使针织物可在可见光照射下降解污渍,而自由基和活性氧可杀死细胞,使织物具有杀菌效果,且不影响纤维的其他性能;
5)交联后处理:将自清洁面料加入质量浓度为35g/L甲基三乙酰氧基硅烷溶液中处理4h,自然晾干即得基于纳米二氧化钛的光催化自清洁面料,通过交联可使纳米TiO2颗粒固定在面料表面,提高纳米颗粒与面料之间的相互作用,使得纳米颗粒不易脱落,提高自清洁持久性。
上述步骤3中渗透剂为活性多肽和顺丁烯二酸二仲辛酯磺酸钠的混合物,其质量比为1:35,活性多肽的氨基酸序列为HSHACASYSRCYCRCLRCHPGCVNCYRCSR,该活性多肽能够破坏纤维中细胞壁,改变面料中纤维的渗透压,提高其润湿性,使得蛋白酶能够更好的被吸附到面料的表面上,且不会影响面料的理化性能,该渗透剂两成份间具有协同增效作用,使得渗透剂渗透性能较好,大大提高了生物酶溶液的润湿性能,促进蛋白酶与面料的结合,且无毒,对皮肤无刺激作用。
实施例2:
一种基于纳米二氧化钛的光催化自清洁面料,包括改性纳米TiO2制备、面料前处理、生物酶前处理、抗自清洁面料制备、交联后处理,具体操作步骤为:
1)改性纳米TiO2制备:将20份无水乙醇缓慢加入20份钛酸四丁酯中,搅拌至混合成透明溶液,再加入5份硝酸铜,充分搅拌至均匀后再逐滴加入去离子水直至形成凝胶,即得改性纳米TiO2,在掺杂不同价态的金属铜离子后,由于铜离子对电子的争夺,纳米TiO2表面光生电子和光生空穴的复合的几率减少,其表面会产生更多的自由基,促进纳米 TiO2对可见光的吸收利用,光催化活性得到提高;
2)面料前处理:用洗涤剂清洗面料,去除残留在织物上的油脂、盐、匀染剂、渗透剂、固色剂等所有对整理剂产生影响的物质,用去离子水清洗,备用;
3)生物酶前处理:将面料用pH为9的生物酶溶液在70℃下处理2h,再用质量浓度为10g/L的双氧水在65℃漂白处理35min,冷水清洗,烘干备用,生物酶溶液质量浓度为25~35g/L,所用生物酶为淀粉酶和纤维素酶,其质量比为1:4,渗透剂的质量浓度为0.6 g/L,生物酶具有三度空间形状,并以锁对钥匙的形式被吸附到某些基质的表面上,利用酶处理可增加纤维表面的官能团,增强纳米颗粒与纤维的结合牢度,且生物酶是天然产品,能耗低,污水易处理,对环境危害小,较好地符合绿色环保要求;
4)自清洁面料制备:将面料浸入改性纳米TiO2溶胶中,超声波震荡30min,织物二浸二轧,压力为3kg/cm2,带液率为85%,在80℃条件下预烘7min,然后160℃烘焙1min,即得自清洁面料,光照条件下,自清洁剂吸收波长释放出电子,空气中氧气会捕获电子,而产生强有力的自由基和活性氧,将污垢氧化成更小的粒子,例如 CO2与H2O,从而赋予纺织品自清洁性能,使针织物可在可见光照射下降解污渍,而自由基和活性氧可杀死细胞,使织物具有杀菌效果,且不影响纤维的其他性能;
5)交联后处理:将自清洁面料加入质量浓度为35g/L甲基三乙酰氧基硅烷溶液中处理4h,自然晾干即得基于纳米二氧化钛的光催化自清洁面料,通过交联可使纳米TiO2颗粒固定在面料表面,提高纳米颗粒与面料之间的相互作用,使得纳米颗粒不易脱落,提高自清洁持久性。
上述步骤3中渗透剂为活性多肽和顺丁烯二酸二仲辛酯磺酸钠的混合物,其质量比为1:34活性多肽的氨基酸序列为HSHACASYSRCYCRCLRCHPGCVNCYRCSR,该活性多肽能够破坏纤维中细胞壁,改变面料中纤维的渗透压,提高其润湿性,使得蛋白酶能够更好的被吸附到面料的表面上,且不会影响面料的理化性能,该渗透剂两成份间具有协同增效作用,使得渗透剂渗透性能较好,大大提高了生物酶溶液的润湿性能,促进蛋白酶与面料的结合,且无毒,对皮肤无刺激作用。
实施例3:
自清洁和耐洗度性能测试:
选择发明实施例2、对比例和空白进行自清洁测试和耐洗度测试,其中,对比例1:重复实施例中的自清洁面料的制备过程,其中,采用未改性的纳米TiO2,其余条件均不变;对比例2:重复实施例中的自清洁面料的制备过程,其中,不对面料进行生物酶前处理,其余条件均不变;对比例3:重复实施例中的自清洁面料的制备过程,其中,不对面料进行交联后处理,其余条件均不变。空白是未处理的原面料。
自清洁测试:选择红色辣椒油作为污渍,对实验组面料进行局部滴定观察,以油渍含量为自清洁性能的评价指标,总的光照时间包括黑夜,记录结果如表1所示。
耐洗度测试:按照国标GB/T2921-2008C进行,将样品放入5g/L的皂片溶液中,于60℃的水洗30min,反复洗涤 10 次后取出晾干,进行自清洁测试,结果如下表2所示。
表1:自清洁测试结果
表2:耐洗度测试结果
由表1和表2可知,本发明实施例2的自清洁效果好于对比例,说明纳米TiO2改性、生物酶处理和交联处理能增强面料的自清洁效果,提高自清洁持久性。
本发明的操作步骤中的常规操作为本领域技术人员所熟知,在此不进行赘述。
以上所述的实施例对本发明的技术方案进行了详细说明,应理解的是以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的原则范围内所做的任何修改、补充或类似方式替代等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> 宁波高新区达康工业科技有限公司
<120> 一种基于纳米二氧化钛的光催化自清洁面料
<130> 1
<160> 1
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
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<212> PRT
<213> 人工合成
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His Ser His Ala Cys Ala Ser Tyr Ser Arg Cys Tyr Cys Arg Cys Leu
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Claims (10)
1.一种基于纳米二氧化钛的光催化自清洁面料,其制备方法包括改性纳米TiO2制备、面料前处理、生物酶前处理、抗自清洁面料制备、交联后处理,其特征在于:所述的自生物酶前处理步骤为:将面料用生物酶溶液在70~80℃下处理1~2h,再用双氧水处理,冷水清洗,烘干备用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于纳米二氧化钛的光催化自清洁面料,其特征在于:所述的生物酶前处理步骤中生物酶为淀粉酶和纤维素酶,其质量比为1:1~5,生物酶溶液质量浓度为25~35g/L,pH为7~10。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于纳米二氧化钛的光催化自清洁面料,其特征在于:所述的生物酶前处理步骤中生物酶溶液中渗透剂的质量浓度为0.5~1 g/L,渗透剂为活性多肽和顺丁烯二酸二仲辛酯磺酸钠的混合物,其质量比为1:30~40。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于纳米二氧化钛的光催化自清洁面料,其特征在于:所述的生物酶前处理步骤中活性多肽的氨基酸序列为HSHACASYSRCYCRCLRCHPGCVNCYRCSR。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于纳米二氧化钛的光催化自清洁面料,其特征在于:所述的生物酶前处理步骤中双氧水的质量浓度为8~12g/L,处理温度为50~70℃,时间为20~40min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于纳米二氧化钛的光催化自清洁面料,其特征在于:所述的改性纳米TiO2制备步骤为:将无水乙醇缓慢加入钛酸四丁酯中,搅拌至混合成透明溶液,再加入硝酸铜,充分搅拌至均匀后再逐滴加入去离子水直至形成凝胶,即得改性纳米TiO2。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种基于纳米二氧化钛的光催化自清洁面料,其特征在于:所述的改性纳米TiO2制备步骤中配料的重量份为:无水乙醇20~30份、钛酸四丁酯15~25份、硝酸铜1~5份。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于纳米二氧化钛的光催化自清洁面料,其特征在于:所述的自清洁面料制备步骤为:将面料浸入改性纳米TiO2溶胶中,超声波震荡20~30min,织物二浸二轧,在75~85℃条件下预烘4~9min,然后140~160℃烘焙1~3min,即得自清洁面料。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种基于纳米二氧化钛的光催化自清洁面料,其特征在于:所述的自清洁面料制备步骤中二浸二轧时压力为1~3kg/cm2,带液率为80~90%。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于纳米二氧化钛的光催化自清洁面料,其特征在于:所述的交联后处理步骤为中交联剂是质量浓度为30~40g/L的甲基三乙酰氧基硅烷溶液。
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