CN107245654A - A kind of bearing steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of bearing steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107245654A CN107245654A CN201710388804.7A CN201710388804A CN107245654A CN 107245654 A CN107245654 A CN 107245654A CN 201710388804 A CN201710388804 A CN 201710388804A CN 107245654 A CN107245654 A CN 107245654A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of bearing steel, it is made up of following mass percent component：0.5 1%C, 0.1 0.3%Mn, 0.01 0.1%Pb, 0.2 0.5%Si, 0.1 0.5%Al, 1.1. 1.3%Cr, 0.01 0.05%S, 0.03 0.1%W, 0.01 0.5%V, surplus are made up of Fe and inevitable impurity.The invention also discloses the preparation method of the bearing steel：(1) melting：Fe powder is added in high-frequency induction smelting furnace and melted, treats that the temperature in stove rises to 1,300 1400 DEG C, C, Mn, Pb and Si are added in the following order, 20 30min are incubated, continue to heat up, after temperature rises to 1,550 1650 DEG C, Al, Cr, S, W and V are added, 30 40min is incubated, obtains aluminium alloy；(2) aluminium alloy is transferred in refining furnace, carries out deoxidation, deslagging processing, 1,200 1300 DEG C are cooled to rapidly, is cast, surface hardening processing obtains finished product.The bearing steel has excellent mechanical property, available for automobile, big machinery.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to steel and preparation method thereof, more particularly to a kind of bearing steel and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Bearing steel is for manufacturing ball, roller and the steel of bearing ring.Bearing steel has high and uniform hardness and wear-resisting
Property, and high elastic limit.The content of uniformity, non-metallic inclusion to the chemical composition of bearing steel and distribution, carbonization
The requirement such as distribution of thing is all very strict, is to require one of most stringent of steel grade during all steels are produced.The bearing commonly used at present
Steel is generally high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, and wherein phosphorus content is 1% or so, and chrome content is 1.5% or so.Rolling fatigue life is bearing steel
One of important indicator, but rolling contact fatigue effect usually because non-metallic inclusion or eutectic carbide in steel and drop
It is low.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：The present invention provides a kind of bearing steel and preparation method thereof, increases the uniformity of bearing steel, hardness, resistance to
Mill property and bearing steel resistance to elevated temperatures.
Technical scheme：A kind of bearing steel of the present invention, it is characterised in that：It is made up of following mass percent component：
0.5-1%C, 0.1-0.3%Mn, 0.01-0.1%Pb, 0.2-0.5%Si, 0.1-0.5%Al, 1.1-1.3%Cr, 0.01-
0.05%S, 0.03-0.1%W and 0.01-0.5V%, surplus are made up of Fe and inevitable impurity.
C presence can be just heat-treated to steel, adjust and change the mechanical property of steel, when C is in certain limit,
The hardness and intensity of steel, but too high levels can be improved by improving C content, and the toughness and plasticity of steel decline, and the present invention is selected
0.5-1%C, can be very good to improve the hardness and intensity of steel, and within the range, the toughness and plasticity of steel are good, in the present invention
C main exist in the form of copmbined-carbon.
Mn acting as in steel improves the quenching degree of steel, plays solution strengthening effect, increases the intensity and hardness of steel, still
Mn too high levels, then can increase the superheated susceptivity of steel.The present invention selects 0.1-0.3%Mn, improves the malleability of steel, reduces steel
Red brittleness, improve the resistance to elevated temperatures of steel.
Pb act as reducing fatigue strength.But Pb content needs strictly to be controlled, too high levels can then reduce steel
Impact flexibility, and reduction steel plasticity, therefore the present invention by repeatedly experiment and with other components carry out compatibility, find Pb exist
In the range of 0.01-0.1%, it can be very good to increase the fatigue durability of steel, and do not result in the reduction of steel plasticity.
Si can reduce the anisotropy tendency of crystal in the present invention primarily as deoxidier, increase steel
Intensity, heat resistance and wearability, in common steel, the content of silicon is usually more than 0.4%, and the content of silicon is improper, can be broken
The continuity of bad steel, and the particle incompatible with steel can be formed, increase the abrasion of Steel material, the mesh of the unfavorable realization present invention
, therefore pass through and contrast and screen repeatedly, the present invention is using the Si in the range of 0.2-0.5%.
As deoxidier, degasser and compact agent, Al is generated with oxygen in the present invention by Al2O3, the Al of formation2O3Carrying out
After surface hardening processing, it can be very good to increase the wearability of steel, but Al content is too high, the Al of formation2O3Then can not be good
Combined with steel, reduce the homogeneity of steel, influence the wearability of steel, by repeated screening, present invention selection 0.1-0.5%Al.
Cr adds the quenching degree of steel in the present invention, improves intensity, hardness and the toughness of steel, improves the comprehensive of steel
Can, the C-shaped with the present invention can be very good to increase wearability, inoxidizability, the corrosion resistance of steel, traditional Gao Ge into compound
Steel is as bearing with having mainly used Cr such a premium properties, and hard and crisp centre then occurs in but Cr too high levels
Product, and the brittle transition temperature of steel is added, the present invention reduces part Cr use on the basis of traditional high chrome
Amount, adds other components, it is found that the addition of other components, can not only improve the wearability of traditional high chrome, and carry comprehensively
The high combination property of bearing steel, final Cr contents of the present invention are 1.1.-1.3%.
S exists usually as harmful components, the MnS that the reason for S is added in the present invention is formed for the Mn in S and component, few
The presence for measuring MnS can be in the case where not reducing the stiffness conditions of steel, the plasticity of increase steel, but S too high levels, increases plasticity, still
The continuity of steel can be destroyed, the harmful effects such as hot tearing can be caused during heating, therefore S content need to be controlled strictly, the present invention is selected
The S of 0.01-0.05% contents.
W adds steel belt roof bolt stability, heat resistance and wearability, improves creep resisting ability of the steel in high temperature, but W
Too high levels, easily with the compound of the other compositions such as C, Fe in component formation too high levels, influence the wearability of steel, therefore
Final choice of the present invention 0.03-0.1%W.
V mainly improves the wearability and resistance to elevated temperatures of steel in the present invention, while also having the effect for improving hardness of steel.
C-shaped in V and component into compound to improving the hardness and wearability effect of steel substantially, while the compound can be with steel very
Good combination, the steel that will not be caused because of particle dispersion it is uneven, by the performance measurement to Steel material, final choice
0.01-0.5%V.
Preferably, the bearing steel is made up of following mass percent component：0.6-0.8%C, 0.1-0.2%Mn,
0.05-0.1%Pb, 0.3-0.5%Si, 0.3-0.5%Al, 1.1-1.2%Cr, 0.02-0.04%S, 0.05-0.08%W,
0.1-0.3%V, surplus is made up of Fe and inevitable impurity.
Most preferably, the bearing steel is made up of following mass percent component：0.7%C, 0.2%Mn, 0.08%Pb,
0.4%Si, 0.4%Al, 1.1%Cr, 0.03%S, 0.06%W, 0.2%V, surplus are made up of Fe and inevitable impurity.
A kind of preparation method of bearing steel of the present invention, comprises the following steps：(1) melting：Fe powder is added to high frequency
In induction melting furnace melt, treat that the temperature in stove rises to 1300-1400 DEG C, by following mass percent add 0.5-1%C,
0.1-0.3%Mn, 0.01-0.1%Pb and 0.2-0.5%Si, are incubated 20-30min, continue to heat up, treat that temperature rises to 1550-
After 1650 DEG C, 0.1-0.5%Al, 1.1.-1.3%Cr, 0.01-0.05%S, 0.03-0.1%W and 0.01-0.5%V are added,
30-40min is incubated, aluminium alloy is obtained；(2) aluminium alloy is transferred in refining furnace, carries out deoxidation, deslagging processing, be cooled to 1200-
1300 DEG C, cast, surface hardening processing obtains finished product.
Further, the surface hardening refers to quickly heat steel with the oxygen flame of acetylene one, is then water-cooled.
Unless otherwise indicated, % is mass percent in the present invention.
Beneficial effect：Bearing steel of the present invention has excellent wearability, hardness and resistance to elevated temperatures.
Embodiment
First, raw material and detection method
1st, raw material sources
The design parameter for the raw material that the present invention is used is as follows：
C powder (about 1 μm)；Mn is 0.6-1.2mm, purchased from the very lucky Meng Ye Co., Ltds in Leiyang；Pb granularities are 200-300 mesh,
Cr granularities are 80-325 mesh, and W granularities are 200 mesh, and V granularities are 100 mesh, purchased from Beijing Xing Rongyuan Science and Technology Ltd.s；Si granularities
For 1000 mesh, reached the clouds Gui Ye Co., Ltds purchased from Xuzhou；Remaining raw material is gained purchased in market.
2nd, detection method
2-1 Determination of Hardness
With reference to《GB/T230.1-2009 metal material Rockwell hardness test part 1s：Test method》
2-2 tension tests
With reference to《The metal material stretching test room temperature test methods of GB/T 228》
2-3 impact tests
With reference to《GB/T 229-2007 metal material Charpy pendulum impact test methods》
2-4 polishing machinees are tested
Specimen size：4mm × 4mm × 5mm, wear surface is 4mm × 4mm.Experiment sand paper used is that 600 mesh aluminum oxide are water-fast
Sand paper, pressure is 90N, measures quality with assay balance, precision is 0.1mg.Sample is first subjected to running-in 300 turns (r) of abrasion, claimed
Its quality is measured, then formal abrasion 1500r, then claim an inferior quality, the difference of two inferior qualities is wear weight loss, the relative wear of sample
Property ε on the basis of sample wear extent (mg) and the sample wear extent (mg) ratio, wear extent/sample mill of ε=base sample
Damage amount.
2nd, preparation method
2-1 by Fe powder be added in high-frequency induction smelting furnace melt, treat that the temperature in stove rises to 1300-1400 DEG C, by with
Lower mass percent adds 0.5-1%C, 0.1-0.3%Mn, 0.01-0.1%Pb and 0.2-0.5%Si, is incubated 20-30min,
Continue heat up, after temperature rises to 1550-1650 DEG C, add 0.1-0.5%Al, 1.1-1.3%Cr, 0.01-0.05%S,
0.03-0.1%W and 0.01-0.5%V, is incubated 30-40min, obtains aluminium alloy；Aluminium alloy is transferred in refining furnace, taken off
Oxygen, deslagging processing, are cooled to 1200-1300 DEG C, are cast, quickly heat steel with the oxygen flame of acetylene one, then use water cooling
But, surface hardening processing is carried out, finished product is obtained.
2-2 by Fe powder be added in high-frequency induction smelting furnace melt, treat that the temperature in stove rises to 1300-1400 DEG C, by with
Lower mass percent adds 0.5-1%C, 0.1-0.3%Mn, 0.01-0.1%Pb and 0.2-0.5%Si, is incubated 20-30min,
Continue heat up, after temperature rises to 1550-1650 DEG C, add 0.1-0.5%Al, 1.1-1.3%Cr, 0.01-0.05%S,
0.03-0.1%W and 0.01-0.5%V, is incubated 30-40min, obtains aluminium alloy；Aluminium alloy is transferred in refining furnace, taken off
Oxygen, deslagging processing, are being cooled to 1200-1300 DEG C, are being cast, obtaining finished product.
3rd, sample preparation
Embodiment 1：According to 2-1 methods, bearing steel composed of the following components is prepared：0.5%C, 0.1%Mn, 0.01%
Pb, 0.2%Si, 0.1%Al, 1.1%Cr, 0.01%S, 0.03%W, 0.01%V, surplus is by Fe and inevitable impurity structure
Into.
Embodiment 2：According to 2-1 methods, bearing steel composed of the following components is prepared：0.6%C, 0.1%Mn, 0.05%
Pb, 0.3%Si, 0.3%Al, 1.1%Cr, 0.02%S, 0.05%W, 0.1%V, surplus is by Fe and inevitable impurity structure
Into.
Embodiment 3：According to 2-1 methods, bearing steel composed of the following components is prepared：0.8%C, 0.2%Mn, 0.1%
Pb, 0.5%Si, 0.5%Al, 1.2%Cr, 0.04%S, 0.08%W, 0.3%V, surplus is by Fe and inevitable impurity structure
Into.
Embodiment 4：According to 2-1 methods, bearing steel composed of the following components is prepared：0.7%C, 0.1%Mn, 0.06%
Pb, 0.4%Si, 0.4%Al, 1.1%Cr, 0.03%S, 0.06%W, 0.2%V, surplus is by Fe and inevitable impurity structure
Into.
Embodiment 5：According to 2-1 methods, bearing steel composed of the following components is prepared：0.7%C, 0.2%Mn, 0.08%
Pb, 0.4%Si, 0.4%Al, 1.1%Cr, 0.03%S, 0.06%W, 0.2%V, surplus is by Fe and inevitable impurity structure
Into.
Embodiment 6：According to 2-1 methods, bearing steel composed of the following components is prepared：1%C, 0.3%Mn, 0.1%Pb,
0.5%Si, 0.5%Al, 1.3%Cr, 0.05%S, 0.1%W, 0.5%V, surplus are made up of Fe and inevitable impurity.
Embodiment 5：According to 2-1 methods, bearing steel composed of the following components is prepared：0.5%C, 0.3%Mn, 0.1%
Pb, 0.5%Si, 0.5%Al, 1.3%Cr, 0.05%S, 0.1%W, 0.5%V, surplus is by Fe and inevitable impurity structure
Into.
Embodiment 7：According to 2-1 methods, bearing steel composed of the following components is prepared：0.5%C, 0.1%Mn, 0.1%
Pb, 0.5%Si, 0.5%Al, 1.3%Cr, 0.05%S, 0.1%W, 0.5%V, surplus is by Fe and inevitable impurity structure
Into.
Embodiment 8：According to 2-1 methods, bearing steel composed of the following components is prepared：0.5%C, 0.1%Mn, 0.01%
Pb, 0.5%Si, 0.5%Al, 1.3%Cr, 0.05%S0.1%W, 0.5%V, surplus are made up of Fe and inevitable impurity.
Embodiment 9：According to 2-1 methods, bearing steel composed of the following components is prepared：1%C, 0.1%Mn, 0.01%Pb,
0.2%Si, 0.1%Al, 1.1%Cr, 0.01%S, 0.03%W, 0.01%V, surplus are made up of Fe and inevitable impurity.
Embodiment 10：According to 2-1 methods, bearing steel composed of the following components is prepared：1%C, 0.3%Mn, 0.01%
Pb, 0.2%Si, 0.1%Al, 1.1%Cr, 0.01%S, 0.03%W, 0.01%V, surplus is by Fe and inevitable impurity structure
Into.
Embodiment 11：According to 2-1 methods, bearing steel composed of the following components is prepared：1%C, 0.3%Mn, 0.1%Pb,
0.2%Si, 0.1%Al, 1.1%Cr, 0.01%S, 0.03%W, 0.01%V, surplus are made up of Fe and inevitable impurity.
Comparative example 1：According to 2-2 methods, bearing steel composed of the following components is prepared：0.7%C, 0.2%Mn, 0.08%
Pb, 0.4%Si, 0.4%Al, 1.1%Cr, 0.03%S, 0.06%W, 0.2%V, surplus is by Fe and inevitable impurity structure
Into.
Comparative example 2：Without Mn, remaining be the same as Example 5.
Comparative example 3：Without Pb, remaining be the same as Example 5.
Comparative example 4：Without Si, remaining be the same as Example 5.
Comparative example 5：Without Al, remaining be the same as Example 5.
Comparative example 6：Without Cr, remaining be the same as Example 5.
Comparative example 7：Without S, remaining be the same as Example 5.
Comparative example 8：Without W, remaining be the same as Example 5.
Comparative example 9：Without V, remaining be the same as Example 5.
Comparative example 10：Without Mn, no S, remaining be the same as Example 5.
4th, testing result
Embodiment 5 is compared with comparative example 1 it can be seen from the data of table 1, when content of sample component is identical, carries out surface
Quenching Treatment, can significantly increase the wearability and case hardness of sample.By comparative example 3, comparative example 4, comparative example 5, contrast
Example 6, comparative example 8 and comparative example 9 are contrasted with embodiment 5 as can be seen that Pb, Si, Al, Cr, W and V influence on the wearability of material
Larger, for bearing steel, wearability is the important performance of steel, therefore Pb, Si, Al, Cr, W and V addition, can be very good to carry
The hardness of high steel, and mutual proportioning is extremely important, interacts, and is improving outside material overall performance, it is wear-resisting to steel
The addition being obviously improved more than single component of property.By comparative example 2, comparative example 5 and comparative example 7 as can be seen that Mn, Al and S
Hardness influence on steel is larger.And it can be seen that by comparative example, the significant overall performance for improving bearing steel of the present invention.Survey
The contraction percentage of area of fixed each sample, the basic ungauged regions of section of comparative example 10 show Mn and S addition, can increase material
Plasticity, reduce steel fragility.The contraction percentage of area of other comparative example 2 and comparative example 7 is respectively 97% and 96%, the fragility of steel
It is larger, it is unsatisfactory for the requirement to material overall performance of bearing steel.
The properties of sample measurement result of table 1
Claims (6)
1. a kind of bearing steel, it is characterised in that：It is made up of following mass percent component：0.5-1%C, 0.1-0.3%Mn,
0.01-0.1%Pb, 0.2-0.5%Si, 0.1-0.5%Al, 1.1-1.3%Cr, 0.01-0.05%S, 0.03-0.1%W and
0.01-0.5%V, surplus is made up of Fe and inevitable impurity.
2. bearing steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the mass percent of each component is：0.6-0.8%C,
0.1-0.2%Mn, 0.05-0.1%Pb, 0.3-0.5%Si, 0.3-0.5%Al, 1.1-1.2%Cr, 0.02-0.04%S,
0.05-0.08%W and 0.1-0.3%V, surplus is made up of Fe and inevitable impurity.
3. bearing steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the mass percent of each component is：0.7%C, 0.2%
Mn, 0.08%Pb, 0.4%Si, 0.4%Al, 1.1%Cr, 0.03%S, 0.06%W and 0.2%V, surplus is by Fe and can not keep away
The impurity exempted from is constituted.
4. a kind of preparation method for preparing the bearing steel described in claim 1-3, comprises the following steps：
(1) melting：Fe powder is added in high-frequency induction smelting furnace and melted, 1300-1400 DEG C is warming up to, by following quality percentage
Than adding 0.5-1%C, 0.1-0.3%Mn, 0.01-0.1%Pb and 0.2-0.5%Si, 20-30min is incubated, continues to heat up, treats
Temperature is risen to after 1550-1650 DEG C, add 0.1-0.5%Al, 1.1-1.3%Cr, 0.01-0.05%S, 0.03-0.1%W and
0.01-0.5%V, is incubated 30-40min, obtains aluminium alloy；
(2) aluminium alloy is transferred in refining furnace, carries out deoxidation, deslagging processing, be cooled to 1200-1300 DEG C, cast, table
Face Quenching Treatment, obtains finished product.
5. the preparation method of bearing steel according to claim 4, it is characterised in that in step (1), the programming rate is
20℃/s。
6. the preparation method of bearing steel according to claim 4, it is characterised in that in step (2), the surface hardening is
Finger quickly heats steel with the oxygen flame of acetylene one, is then water-cooled.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101542004A (en) * | 2007-04-18 | 2009-09-23 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | Hot-worked steel material having excellent machinability and impact value |
| CN102741440A (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2012-10-17 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | Steel material for quenching and method of producing same |
| WO2013084265A1 (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2013-06-13 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Steel for mechanical structures and manufacturing method therefor |
| JP2016017200A (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2016-02-01 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | Die steel and warm/hot-working die |
-
2017
- 2017-05-27 CN CN201710388804.7A patent/CN107245654A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101542004A (en) * | 2007-04-18 | 2009-09-23 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | Hot-worked steel material having excellent machinability and impact value |
| CN102741440A (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2012-10-17 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | Steel material for quenching and method of producing same |
| WO2013084265A1 (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2013-06-13 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Steel for mechanical structures and manufacturing method therefor |
| JP2016017200A (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2016-02-01 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | Die steel and warm/hot-working die |
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Application publication date: 20171013 |