CN107242370A - 乳猪专用酶解配合饲料 - Google Patents
乳猪专用酶解配合饲料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107242370A CN107242370A CN201710460012.6A CN201710460012A CN107242370A CN 107242370 A CN107242370 A CN 107242370A CN 201710460012 A CN201710460012 A CN 201710460012A CN 107242370 A CN107242370 A CN 107242370A
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- feed
- sucking pig
- vitamin
- chinese herbal
- herbal medicine
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种乳猪专用酶解配合饲料，旨在提供一种可提高乳猪断奶期抵抗力和免疫力、增强营养吸收、减少抗生素依赖的专用饲料。它由下列重量份的原料制备而成：玉米30‑54、豆粕5‑16、鱼粉5‑10、米糠粉9‑12、石粉1.5‑2、复配中草药粉1‑3、平菇2‑7、磷酸氢钙0.3‑0.7、豆油0.5‑1.2、食盐0.5‑1.2、复合预混合饲料1‑5、胃蛋白酶0.001‑0.005。本发明营养丰富、易于吸收，可补充乳猪断奶期生长过程中所需的营养元素，可维持肠道微生物菌群，减少乳猪腹泻，同时还能增强乳猪抵抗力，避免对抗生素产生依赖性；是一种乳猪专用饲料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种饲料，尤其涉及一种乳猪专用酶解配合饲料。
背景技术
早期断奶的仔猪，因容易因体重下降、免疫力降低而发生腹泻、水肿等病症，致使仔猪生长受阻、饲料利用率低，严重时还可能造成仔猪成生长僵化或死亡。为此，通常在饲料中添加杆菌肽锌预混剂、10％硫酸粘杆菌预混剂等化学合成的抗生素、促生长剂、兴奋剂等物质。该方法虽然可以加快仔猪生长，化学有害物质会残留在猪体内，长期食用这类猪肉会造成人体肾脏损伤、肝脂肪变性、引起癌症等各种不良反应。另外，现有的乳猪饲料还存在制粒不均匀、颗粒不精细等问题，影响仔猪采食。
中草药制剂富含多种营养元素和有效活性成分，作为饲料添加剂组饲喂畜禽具有以下优点：一方面是能兴奋动物胃肠道，促进消化腺分泌，提高营养物质的消化利用效率，具有促生长作用；另一方面能促进体内免疫细胞及免疫因子的生成，提高免疫力，增强抗菌、抗病毒能力。因此，中草药制剂可以替代抗生素作为具有抗病和营养功能的绿色、安全、高效的饲料应用。“CN201310330831.0”的中国专利文献公开了一种乳猪饲料添加剂、制备方法及乳猪饲料，该饲料通过发酵和酶解的方法制备而成：将板蓝根150～250份，金银花150～250份，杨树花80～120份，黄芪60～100 份，山楂70～110份，当归60～100份，松针粉80～120份，酵母粉80～120份，玉米粉30～70份，红糖15～25份，果寡糖10～20份，磷酸氢钙7～12份，硫酸亚铁0.3～0.7份，赖氨酸3～7份组成复合中草药制剂，对复合中草药制剂进行有益菌的发酵和酶制剂的分解，使不被利用的营养成分和抗营养因子得到最大限度的降解和消除。然而，中草药也含有较多不能被消化利用的粗纤维和抗营养因子，必须通过特殊的制作工艺分解或消除。“CN201410383843.4”的中国专利文献公开一种环保乳猪饲料添加剂及其制备方法，该饲料添加剂由卵黏蛋白、微生态、蒙脱石和玉米芯载体组成，可用于乳猪料。与常规饲料添加剂相比，该产品含有卵黏蛋白，具有很强的抑制大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌的作用，通过蒙脱石对肠道病原菌有很好的吸附作用，达到维持肠道正常菌群，减少乳猪腹泻的目的，减少替代硫酸粘杆菌素等抗生素的使用。
因此，一种配方能满足乳猪生长所需的营养物质，工艺合理能便于乳猪吸收利用的乳猪专用饲料是养殖户所追求的。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述缺陷，本发明旨在提供一种可提高乳猪断奶期抵抗力和免疫力、增强营养吸收、减少抗生素依赖的乳猪专用酶解配合饲料。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：它由下列重量份的原料制备而成：玉米30-54、豆粕5-16、鱼粉5-10、米糠粉9-12、石粉1.5-2、复配中草药粉1-3、平菇2-7、磷酸氢钙0.3-0.7、豆油0.5-1.2、食盐0.5-1.2、复合预混合饲料1-5、胃蛋白酶0.001-0.005；
其中，所述复配中草药粉由下列重量份的药材经40-50℃烘干、粉碎混配而成：板蓝根5-10、折耳根15-20、丁香1-3、桂皮1-3、花椒1-3、良姜1-3、黄连1-3、决明子1-3；
所述复合预混合饲料由下列重量比的微量原料混配而成：铜 40-120mg/kg、铁60-80mg/kg、锌80-100mg/kg、锰3-15mg/kg、硒 0.2-0.3mg/kg、碘1-5mg/kg、维生素A 5-8mg/kg、维生素E 0.08-0.1mg/kg、维生素B15-10mg/kg、维生素B65-8mg/kg、维生素B28-10mg/kg、胆碱 1.5-1.8g/kg、生物素0.6-0.8mg/kg、烟酰铵40-70mg/kg、泛酸15-20mg/kg、赖氨酸5000-8000mg/kg、苏氨酸1500-2000mg/kg、蛋氨酸3000-3500mg/kg，其余为小麦麸皮；
其制备方法如下：
1)将所述各原料混合后加入2-3倍重纯净水，搅拌均匀，30-38℃水浴条件下酶解3-5小时；
2)将经过酶解的原料混合物加热煮沸、保持10-30分钟，得饲料糊；
3)将所述饲料糊喷雾干燥制成饲料粉。
本发明优选技术方案的原料配比为：玉米40、豆粕10、鱼粉8、米糠粉10、石粉1.5、复配中草药粉1、平菇2、磷酸氢钙0.3、豆油0.6、食盐0.8、复合预混合饲料3、胃蛋白酶0.003。
在上述技术方案中，板蓝根味苦性寒，归心、胃、肝、胆经；具有清热解毒、凉血利咽功能。主治温毒所致的疾病，如流感、上呼吸道炎症、流脑、腮腺炎、急性肠炎、菌痢、肝炎、颜面丹毒、热病发斑等。药理研究表明，板蓝根对多种病毒与病菌有明显的抑制作用。
折耳根具有抗辐射作用和增强机体免疫功能的作用，所含鱼腥草素、月桂醛、甲基正壬基酮、香乙烯及槲皮甙、蕺菜碱等挥发油成分，对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌、痢疾杆菌、绿脓杆菌、变形杆菌、副大肠杆菌、革兰阳性芽孢杆菌等均有一定抑制作用，对金黄色葡萄球菌和白色葡萄球菌作用较强。
丁香是由未开放的花蕾芽，经干燥而制得；属一种芳香健胃剂，能促使胃液分泌，增强胃肠蠕动。
桂皮含有挥发性桂皮油，其主要成分为桂皮醛(占75～90％)，尚含有少量乙酸桂皮脂、乙酸苯丙酯、鞣质、黏液等；具有暖脾胃、散风寒、通血脉之功效。治腹冷胸满、呕吐噎膈、风湿痹痛、跌损瘀滞、血痢肠风等症。
花椒温中散寒，有除湿、止痛、杀虫、解鱼腥毒之功效；能治愈泄泻、痢疾等症。
良姜含挥发油0.5～1.5％，油中主要成分为1，8-桉叶素、桂皮酸甲酯、丁香油酚、蒎烯、荜澄茄烯及辛辣成分高良姜酚等。尚含黄酮类高良姜素、山柰素、山柰酚、槲皮素、异鼠李素等，其水提取物具有镇痛抗炎作用，能抗胃溃疡形成引起的腹泻，煎液对炭疽杆菌、α-或β-溶血性链球菌、白喉及类白喉杆菌、肺炎球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌等革兰氏阳性嗜气菌皆有抗菌作用。
黄连对金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌、肺炎球菌、脑膜炎双球菌、痢疾杆菌、炭疽杆菌等具有抗菌作用。
决明子醇提物对葡萄球菌、白喉杆菌、伤寒、副伤寒、大肠杆菌均有抑制作用，决明子水浸剂在试管中对石膏样毛癣菌、许兰黄癣菌、奥杜盎小芽胞癣菌等皮肤真菌有不同程度抑制作用。决明子含大黄酚-9-蒽酮，体外对红色毛癣菌、须毛癣菌、犬小孢子菌、石膏样小孢子菌、地丝菌均有较强抑制作用。
与现有技术比较，本发明由于采用了上述技术方案，具有以下优点：
(1)由于在原料中添加了配伍合理的复配中草药粉，因此可减少抗生素的使用，避免乳猪对抗生素产生依赖性；
(2)由于原料组方经过胃蛋白酶酶解处理，可将原料中所含的蛋白质等大分子物质变为小分子的多肽、氨基酸等，因此更有利用乳猪的吸收利用；同时，酶解工艺可以将复配中药粉中的有效成分提取富集到饲料中，因此能够维持肠道微生物菌群正常，减少了乳猪腹泻；
(3)由于采用了喷雾干燥工艺技术，因此饲料制粒更加均匀、精细，便于乳猪采食和吸收。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明作进一步说明，具体方法如下：
实施例1
1)取玉米30kg、豆粕16kg、鱼粉5kg、米糠粉12kg、石粉1.5kg、复配中草药粉3kg、平菇2kg、磷酸氢钙0.7kg、豆油0.5kg、食盐1.2kg、复合预混合饲料1kg、胃蛋白酶0.005kg混合，加入2倍于总量的纯净水，搅拌均匀，得原料混合物；
2)将原料混合物在30℃的热水浴中酶解5小时；
3)将经过酶解的原料混合物加热煮沸、保持10分钟，得饲料糊；
4)将所述饲料糊喷雾干燥制成饲料粉。
实施例2
各步骤同实施例1；其中，步骤1)中的各原料配比为玉米54kg、豆粕5kg、鱼粉10kg、米糠粉9kg、石粉2kg、复配中草药粉1kg、平菇7kg、磷酸氢钙0.3kg、豆油1.2kg、食盐0.5kg、复合预混合饲料5kg、胃蛋白酶0.001kg；步骤2)中的热水温度为38℃、酶解时间为3小时；步骤3) 中的保温时间为30分钟。
实施例3
各步骤同实施例1；其中，步骤1)中的各原料配比为玉米40kg、豆粕10kg、鱼粉8kg、米糠粉10kg、石粉1.5kg、复配中草药粉1kg、平菇 2kg、磷酸氢钙0.3kg、豆油0.6kg、食盐0.8kg、复合预混合饲料3kg、胃蛋白酶0.003kg；步骤2)中的热水温度为34℃、酶解时间为4小时；步骤3)中的保温时间为20分钟。
上述各实施例中的所述复配中草药粉由下列重量份的药材经40-50℃烘干、粉碎混配而成：板蓝根5-10、折耳根15-20、丁香1-3、桂皮1-3、花椒1-3、良姜1-3、黄连1-3、决明子1-3。
上述各实施例中的所述复合预混合饲料由下列重量比的微量原料混配而成：铜40-120mg/kg、铁60-80mg/kg、锌80-100mg/kg、锰3-15mg/kg、硒0.2-0.3mg/kg、碘1-5mg/kg、维生素A 5-8mg/kg、维生素E 0.08-0.1mg/kg、维生素B15-10mg/kg、维生素B65-8mg/kg、维生素B2 8-10mg/kg、胆碱1.5-1.8g/kg、生物素0.6-0.8mg/kg、烟酰铵40-70mg/kg、泛酸15-20mg/kg、赖氨酸5000-8000mg/kg、苏氨酸1500-2000mg/kg、蛋氨酸3000-3500mg/kg，其余为小麦麸皮。
Claims (2)
1.一种乳猪专用酶解配合饲料，其特征在于由下列重量份的原料制备而成：玉米30-54、豆粕5-16、鱼粉5-10、米糠粉9-12、石粉1.5-2、复配中草药粉1-3、平菇2-7、磷酸氢钙0.3-0.7、豆油0.5-1.2、食盐0.5-1.2、复合预混合饲料1-5、胃蛋白酶0.001-0.005；
其中，所述复配中草药粉由下列重量份的药材经40-50℃烘干、粉碎混配而成：板蓝根5-10、折耳根15-20、丁香1-3、桂皮1-3、花椒1-3、良姜1-3、黄连1-3、决明子1-3；
所述复合预混合饲料由下列重量比的微量原料混配而成：铜40-120mg/kg、铁60-80mg/kg、锌80-100mg/kg、锰3-15mg/kg、硒0.2-0.3mg/kg、碘1-5mg/kg、维生素A 5-8mg/kg、维生素E 0.08-0.1mg/kg、维生素B1 5-10mg/kg、维生素B6 5-8mg/kg、维生素B2 8-10mg/kg、胆碱1.5-1.8g/kg、生物素0.6-0.8mg/kg、烟酰铵40-70mg/kg、泛酸15-20mg/kg、赖氨酸5000-8000mg/kg、苏氨酸1500-2000mg/kg、蛋氨酸3000-3500mg/kg，其余为小麦麸皮；
其制备方法如下：
1)将所述各原料混合后加入2-3倍重纯净水，搅拌均匀，30-38℃水浴条件下酶解3-5小时；
2)将经过酶解的原料混合物加热煮沸、保持10-30分钟，得饲料糊；
3)将所述饲料糊喷雾干燥制成饲料粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的乳猪专用酶解配合饲料，其特征在于所述原料配比为：玉米40、豆粕10、鱼粉8、米糠粉10、石粉1.5、复配中草药粉1、平菇2、磷酸氢钙0.3、豆油0.6、食盐0.8、复合预混合饲料3、胃蛋白酶0.003。
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