CN107228885B - 一种色素纳米囊泡仿生气体传感器的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种色素纳米囊泡仿生气体传感器的制备方法，包括：步骤1：色素研制的步骤：首先通过气味分子与色素反应的结合能、偶极矩、中心金属离子偏离色素分子平面的距离变化情况，以及反应过程中轨道能级差、电荷分布变化信息，从理论上设计特异性和稳定性好的色素；步骤2：色素囊泡研制的步骤：通过色素与磷脂自组装成纳米囊泡脂质体；步骤3：传感器研制的步骤：利用碳纳米管作为介质将色素纳米囊泡固定在金叉指电极上，从而制成传感器。与传统型传感器相比，纳米囊泡仿生程度高；与细胞、蛋白等生物传感器相比，此类传感器为有机‑无机复合体，稳定性高。因此本发明用囊泡来模拟人嗅觉受体细胞研制新型仿生气体传感器。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种气体传感器的发明，特指一种色素纳米囊泡仿生气体传感器的制备方法。
背景技术
目前，气体传感器分为传统型和生物型两类。传统型的气体传感器主要有金属氧化物型半导体传感器、有机导电聚合物传感器、质量传感器(包括石英晶体谐振传感器和声表面波传感器)、场效应管传感器、红外线光电传感器和金属栅MOS气体传感器等。生物型气体传感器主要是将细胞、蛋白、生物肽等固定在纳米导电基底(如石墨烯、碳纳米管、石英晶振片等)上来获得。
传统型气体传感器大都是基于物理吸附等分子间弱作用力，存在灵敏度一般低于人类相应感官的灵敏度、得到气味的整体信息与人类感官之间差距较大等缺点，有些传感器还存在工作温度高、反应时间长、设备体积大、温湿度干扰严重等缺点。而生物型主要存在容易失活、失性，稳定性低等缺点。另外，由于其研究门槛相对较高，生物材料生产费用高且不容易与基底材料结合，导致此类装置大多仍处于实验研究阶段。
囊泡是由两亲性分子自组装形成的一种超分子聚集体，其结构为密闭双分子层包裹形成的球形单腔室或多腔室结构，已在药物载体和靶向施药方面取得成功。但在气体传感器研制方面未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的色素纳米囊泡仿生气体传感器包括色素研制、色素囊泡研制及传感器研制三个部分。实现本发明的技术方案如下：
(1)色素研制。首先通过气味分子与色素反应的结合能、偶极矩、中心金属离子偏离色素分子平面的距离变化情况，以及反应过程中轨道能级差、电荷分布变化等信息，从理论上设计特异性和稳定性好的色素。并通过化学合成等方法制备相关色素，同时通过紫外-可见光谱反应与动力参数计算相结合的方式对色素与气味分子反应进行表征，确定所得的色素具有很好的分子识别性能。
(2)色素囊泡研制。通过色素与磷脂自组装成纳米囊泡脂质体，该纳米囊泡直径为几个纳米到几百个纳米，色素结合在囊泡的表面，具有极高的色素密度(＞80000每颗粒)。
(3)传感器研制。利用碳纳米管作为介质将色素纳米囊泡固定在金叉指电极上制成传感器。
本发明的有益效果是：
囊泡特有的双层膜包裹亲水核的结构，与细胞的结构十分类似，使得其在模拟生物细胞方面发挥了较为重要的作用。与传统型传感器相比，纳米囊泡仿生程度高；与细胞、蛋白等生物传感器相比，此类传感器为有机-无机复合体，稳定性高。因此本发明用囊泡来模拟人嗅觉受体细胞研制新型仿生气体传感器。
附图说明
图1：色素纳米囊泡的结构图；
图2：传感器研制示意图；
图3：传感器与三甲胺反应情况示意图；
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
首先通过气味分子与色素反应的结合能、偶极矩、中心金属离子偏离色素分子平面的距离变化情况，以及反应过程中轨道能级差、电荷分布变化等信息，从理论上设计特异性和稳定性好的色素。并通过化学合成等方法制备相关色素。最后通过紫外-可见光谱反应与动力参数计算相结合的方式对色素与气味分子反应进行表征，确定所得的色素具有很好的分子识别性能。
其次通过色素与磷脂自组装成纳米囊泡脂质体，该纳米囊泡直径为几个纳米到几百个纳米，色素结合在囊泡的表面，具有极高的色素密度(＞80000每颗粒)。
利用碳纳米管作为介质将色素纳米囊泡固定在金叉指电极上制成传感器。
卟啉类色素纳米囊泡传感器实例：
卟啉类色素是一组比较特殊的色素化合物，以原卟啉为模板，以三甲胺为检测对象，本发明的实施实例如下。
通过改变原卟啉中心离子和外围碳链，计算其与三甲胺接触时的结合能、偶极矩、中心金属离子偏离色素分子平面的距离变化情况，以及反应过程中轨道能级差、电荷分布变化等信息，锌卟啉的变化最大，并通过化学合成制备锌卟啉，同时通过紫外-可见光谱反应与动力参数计算相结合的方式确定锌卟啉有很好的三甲胺分子识别能力。
然后让锌卟啉，与磷脂自组装成锌卟啉纳米囊泡脂质体如图1所示。经电镜表征，该囊泡直径为100纳米左右。
最后用碳纳米管作为介质将卟啉色素纳米囊泡固定在金叉指电极上制成传感器如图2所示。
研制的传感器与三甲胺反应曲线如图3所示，该传感器具有很好的重复性和稳定性。
上文所列出的一系列的详细说明仅仅是针对本发明的可行性实施方式的具体说明，它们并非用以限制本发明的保护范围，凡未脱离本发明技艺精神所作的等效实施方式或变更均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种色素纳米囊泡仿生气体传感器的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：
步骤1：色素研制的步骤：首先通过气味分子与色素反应的结合能、偶极矩、中心金属离子偏离色素分子平面的距离变化情况，以及反应过程中轨道能级差、电荷分布变化信息，从理论上设计特异性和稳定性好的色素；
步骤2：色素囊泡研制的步骤：通过色素与磷脂自组装成纳米囊泡脂质体；所述纳米囊泡直径为几个纳米到几百个纳米；所述纳米囊泡的色素结合在囊泡的表面；所述纳米囊泡具有极高的色素密度，其色素密度为＞80000每颗粒；
步骤3：传感器研制的步骤：利用碳纳米管作为介质将色素纳米囊泡固定在金叉指电极上，从而制成传感器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种色素纳米囊泡仿生气体传感器的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1还包括：通过化学合成方法制备相关色素，同时通过紫外-可见光谱反应与动力参数计算相结合的方式对色素与气味分子反应进行表征，确定所得的色素具有很好的分子识别性能。
3.根据权利要求1-2任一项 所述的一种色素纳米囊泡仿生气体传感器的制备方法，其特征在于，所述方法应用于卟啉类色素纳米囊泡传感器的制备时，色素包含锌卟啉，铜卟啉，钴卟啉。
4.根据权利要求1-2任一项 所述的一种色素纳米囊泡仿生气体传感器的制备方法，其特征在于，所述方法应用于卟啉类色素纳米囊泡传感器的制备时，囊泡直径为100纳米左右。
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