CN107228629A - Higher pair contact becomes sliding rolling and measures analogue means simultaneously than oil film thickness and frictional force - Google Patents
Higher pair contact becomes sliding rolling and measures analogue means simultaneously than oil film thickness and frictional force Download PDFInfo
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- CN107228629A CN107228629A CN201710581170.7A CN201710581170A CN107228629A CN 107228629 A CN107228629 A CN 107228629A CN 201710581170 A CN201710581170 A CN 201710581170A CN 107228629 A CN107228629 A CN 107228629A
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- disk
- sensor
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- plate
- ball
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0028—Force sensors associated with force applying means
- G01L5/0033—Force sensors associated with force applying means applying a pulling force
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0028—Force sensors associated with force applying means
- G01L5/0038—Force sensors associated with force applying means applying a pushing force
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/02—Measuring coefficient of friction between materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
Abstract
The invention belongs to high auxiliary point/linear contact lay bullet stream oil film thickness and friction measurement field, it is related to a kind of high stress contact and becomes sliding rolling than oil film thickness and frictional force and while measuring analogue means, its agent structure includes support platform, disk drive device, ball drives loading slewing equipment, sensor secured adjusted device, image collecting device, translating device and speed measuring device, disk drive device is placed on the upside of support platform at left margin, driving motor to disk drives glass disk to rotate, ball drives the rear side that loading slewing equipment is located at disk drive device, fixation is placed at the rear and front end at the upper right edge of translation plates sensor secured adjusted device respectively, the left margin that image collecting device fixation is placed in translation plates is located rearward, movable information to gather glass disk and steel ball, its agent structure is simple, design concept is ingenious, measurement result is accurate, it is simple to operate, scientific in principle, easy to use and flexible, it is practical, application environment is good, wide market.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to high auxiliary point/linear contact lay bullet stream oil film thickness and friction measurement field, it is related to a kind of thickness and rubs
Power measurement experiment analogue means simultaneously is wiped, particularly a kind of high stress contact becomes sliding rolling than oil film thickness and frictional force and surveyed simultaneously
Analogue means is measured, the contact by rolling element with raceway is equivalent to contact of the rolling element with plane, by measuring different sliding rollings
The tribology between rolling element and raceway is obtained than the oil film thickness and frictional force between lower rolling element and glass disk
Data.
Background technology：
A large amount of components of machine in engineering contact for higher pair, and parts go out to produce elasticity in contact point under the contact form
Deformation, and then the lubricating status made is based on elastohydrodynamic lubrication (elastohydrodynamic lubrication).Elastohydrodynamic lubrication mechanism is studied
The tribology Design of parts and the improvement of lubricating oil and selection can be instructed.All the time, elastohydrodynamic lubrication is ground both at home and abroad
Study carefully and on the one hand lubricating oil film is measured；On the other hand frictional force is measured.But, limited to by e measurement technology
Property, survey quantifier elimination simultaneously to oil film thickness and frictional force and be only limitted to simple sliding operating mode, and it is thicker than lower oil film for different sliding rollings
The measurement of degree and frictional force is generally independent measurement, has been lacked while the technology and experimental data of measurement.Higher pair contacts lubricating oil
The measurement of oil drag power is mainly carried out by gravitation testing machine, in the prior art, and Application No. CN2736771Y China is specially
Profit discloses a kind of lubricating oil combination property evaluation testing machine, and it includes power set, friction pair, oil-receptacle, loading device,
Fixing axle, the friction pair includes rotor and stator, and the patent is born a heavy burden using counterweight, using lever principle, makes determining for friction point
With rotor sliding friction occurs for son, and lubrication is evaluated by the final oil temperature change of temperature control device test record and friction pair polishing scratch
The abrasion resistance of oil, utility model design is simple and convenient to operate and is easy to carry about with one, and still, the patent still has following
Defect：One be evaluated by polishing scratch lubricating oil anti-wear and wear-resistant performance accuracy it is not high, neither one accurate standard is commented
Sentence the size of polishing scratch, and polishing scratch is also that judgement of irregular in the least, the different people to polishing scratch is also differed in itself, can cause people
Member error, two be it is every test once after be accomplished by changing and repairing friction pair, add manpower, material resources and financial resources, three be that temperature is easy
It is affected by the external environment so that the degree of accuracy of measurement result is not high, four be that the utility model can not draw test knot the very first time
Fruit is, it is necessary to calculate；More importantly the measurement apparatus can not be measured to oil film thickness.Therefore, to overcome conventional survey
The technological deficiency in device is measured, a kind of practicable experimental provision is developed same to higher pair contact oil film thickness and frictional force
Shi Jinhang is accurately measured, and data support is provided to study it, in lubricating oil film frictional force research process is contacted to higher pair, is
Contact of the Simplified analysis by rolling element with raceway is equivalent to contact of the roller with plane, and design prepares a kind of higher pair and contacted
Become sliding rolling and measure analogue means simultaneously than oil film and frictional force.
The content of the invention：
The object of the present invention is to overcome the problems of the prior art, seeks design and provides a kind of sliding rolling of higher pair contact change
Analogue means is measured simultaneously than oil film thickness and frictional force, rolling is simulated using the contact with flat circle steel disk of steel ball/roller
Contact of the body with raceway, then the thickness of steel ball/roller is recorded by ccd image sensor and microscopical use cooperatively
Data, while high, the reproducible frictional force data of accuracy is obtained by tension-compression sensor, to contact lubricating oil to higher pair
The research of film frictional force provides experimental data and supported.
To achieve these goals, higher pair contact of the present invention becomes sliding rolling and measured simultaneously than oil film thickness and frictional force
The agent structure of analogue means includes：Support platform, disk drive device, ball drive loading slewing equipment, sensor secured adjusted
Device, image collecting device, translating device and speed measuring device, the agent structure of the support platform include upper mounting plate, lower platform,
Support column, support feet and through hole, the upper mounting plate and lower platform are square structure metal structure, and upper mounting plate and lower flat
The length of platform is equal with width, is connected between the upper mounting plate and lower platform by the cylindrical metal support column at corner, institute
The downside for stating lower platform is fixedly equipped with support feet to support base, to prevent lower platform from being contacted with ground, described flat
Platform is provided with circular through hole close to left margin middle.
Disk drive device of the present invention is placed on the upside of support platform at left margin, and driving motor to disk drives
Glass disk is rotated, and its agent structure includes：Glass disk, driven pulley, main shaft, glass disk gland, disk drive motor support base,
Disk drives motor, driving pulley, base fixing hole and ring flange, and the glass disk of cylindrical glass material is placed in the upper end of main shaft,
Bullet stream Contact Pair is contacted to constitute high stress point with steel ball, the upper and lower sides of the glass disk are equipped with to fixed glass respectively
Lower part is equipped with ring flange on the glass disk gland of the metal material of disk, the main shaft, and the ring flange is solid by bolt
Due on through hole, to fixed disc drive device, between the glass disk gland on the downside of the ring flange and glass disk
Main shaft on be cased with cylinder type hollow sleeve, the lower end of the main shaft is equipped with driven pulley, and the driven pulley is located at through hole
Downside, the lower platform middle rectangular array formula be distributed with to fixed disk drive motor support base base fixing hole, institute
Stating disk drive motor support base includes the L-shaped side plate and one piece of abacus of two pieces of opposed distributions, and the disk drives motor support base being capable of root
Need to come horizontal adjustment position according to the position with driven pulley, and be fixed by base fixing hole, to for glass disk
The disk drive motor fixation for providing power is placed between two blocks of L-shaped side plates that disk drives motor support base, and disk drives the output shaft of motor
Upper end drives the top plate of motor support base through disk, the disk drive motor output shaft upper end be fixed with it is driven power to be transferred to
The driving pulley of belt wheel, the driving pulley has been directly connected to transmission belt with driven pulley.
Ball of the present invention drives loading slewing equipment and is located at the rear side of disk drive device, and is fixed on translating device
In translation plates middle, to simulate connecing for rolling element and raceway by steel ball contact with flat circle steel disk
Touch, and control to load steel ball, the agent structure that the ball drives loading slewing equipment includes：Steel ball, ball axle, bearing branch
Seat, servomotor driven pulley, servomotor, servomotor driving wheel, motor support base, load plate, loading axis, load bearings, plus
Carry bearing spider, counterweight, spring base, spring, bearing block, tensioning line nut and spring-support plate；With being used on the right side of the steel ball
The ball axle connection of stationary balls, and the lower surface positioned at glass disk of steel ball, the right-hand member of the ball axle is by passing through bearing
Bearing connects servomotor driven pulley, and the servomotor driven pulley passes through the servomotor driving wheel directly over transmission belt and its
Connection, the servomotor driving wheel is located on the left of the riser of L-shaped motor support base and by rotating shaft and the riser of L-shaped motor support base
The servomotor connection on right side, the servomotor provides power to give steel ball to rotate, and the transverse slat of the motor support base is consolidated
Keep left place on the upside of strip load plate, and the lower surface place of keeping left of the load plate is fixedly equipped with the loading axis supported
The load bearings for being equipped with to drive bearing spider to rotate on bearing, the bearing spider are held, the lower end of the bearing spider is put
There is the thrust ball bearing connection in the loading axis played a supportive role, the lower end and bearing block of the loading axis, enable loading axis
Horizontally rotated centered on bearing block, the bottom of the bearing block is fixed on the fixing hole in translation plates, to fixed whole
Ball drives loading slewing equipment, and the upper end place of keeping right of the load plate is equipped with the counterweight loaded, the loading just to counterweight
The lower surface of plate disposes the useful spring to provide elastic force for load plate, and the spring fixes the strip for being placed in metal material
At the right-hand member upper surface of spring-support plate, the downside middle of the spring-support plate is equipped with the tune to support spring supporting plate
Base is saved, the adjusting base can adjust that connection tensioning line is equipped with bearing height, the right side tail end of load plate vertically
Stringing nut.
Fixation is placed at the rear and front end at the upper right edge of translation plates sensor secured adjusted device of the present invention respectively,
Included to pull pressure sensor by determining the pressure of load plate, its agent structure：One-dimensional translation stage, branch seat leg, support
Screw, sensor connecting plate and pull pressure sensor, the one-dimensional translation stage and the movable connection of translation plates, and it is merely able to edge
Translation plates are moved left and right, and the upper surface of the one-dimensional translation stage is fixedly equipped with the middle of the branch seat leg of L-type structure, the upside of branch seat leg
Place is connected with the lower end of supporting screw, and the sensor connecting plate is L-type bending plate structure, and lower end is two vertical plates structure, on
It is close to the inner side of nearly branch seat leg on the outside of the hardened structure of hyphen for holding to bend laterally, the two vertical plates structure, it is described vertical
The inner side middle of slab construction is fixedly equipped with pull pressure sensor, and the pull pressure sensor is by being tensioned line and tensioning line spiral shell
Mother's connection, the upside of the supporting screw is connected with the hardened structure of the hyphen of sensor connecting plate, adjusted by adjusting supporting screw
The height of sensor connecting plate is saved, further the height of regulation pressure sensor.
The left margin that image collecting device fixation of the present invention is placed in translation plates is located rearward, to gather glass disk
With the movable information of steel ball, its agent structure includes：Ccd image sensor, microscope, X-Y translating bases, stock, focus mount,
Connecting plate and harvester fixed seat, the harvester fixed seat include two pieces to placement location and are secured by bolts in translation
It is fixedly equipped with the upside of the riser of plate and one piece of transverse slat being fixed on the upside of riser, the transverse slat to connection fixing base and X-Y
The square connecting plate of translating base, the upper end of the connecting plate is fixedly equipped with the X-Y translating bases of square metal material, X-Y translating bases
It can be moved horizontally along connecting plate upper surface, be equipped with to adjust on the upside of microscopical position, the X-Y translating bases to adjust
With the cylindrical posts of fixed focus mount, the rear end of the focus mount is connected with stock sleeve type, and after focus mount
The left and right sides at end is equipped with to adjust the knob of focus mount, and the front end of the focus mount is connected with microscope brace type,
The microscope be located at glass disk top, to sight glass disk and the movement locus of steel ball, it is described it is microscopical on
End is equipped with to record the ccd image sensor for the image information that microscope is observed, realizes adopting in real time to observed image
Collection.
Translating device of the present invention is located on upper mounting plate the place that keeps right, and the device to drive platform upper surface carries out left
Move right, its agent structure includes：Guide rail, sliding block, translation plates, screw thread front stall, screw thread back seat, connecting plate translation screw rod, through hole
And through hole, the translation screw rod is fixed on the lower surface of upper mounting plate by the screw thread front stall and screw thread back seat of left and right ends,
The upper mounting plate is provided with the through hole through structure with translation screw rod corresponding position, and translation screw rod, which is fixed, to be placed under through hole
Side, the translation plates and the translation movable connection of screw rod, and be merely able to move left and right along translation screw rod, the lower end of the translation plates
The sliding block for being equipped with to drive translation plates to slide, the strip guide rail is located at the front and rear edge of upper mounting plate, the sliding block with
The movable connection of guide rail, can be such that sliding block is moved left and right along guide rail, enter and once drove translation plates to move left and right, further adjust steel
The relative position of ball and glass disk, to realize the adjustment of the disk radius of gyration.
Speed measuring device of the present invention is located at the underface of disk drive device drive device, to determine turning for main shaft
Speed, its agent structure includes：Encoder fixed mount, shaft coupling and rotary encoder, the encoder fixed mount are right including two pieces
The inverted L-shaped riser of formula placement and the transverse slat of one piece of connection L-shaped riser lower end are put, the riser is bolted to be fixed on and put down
The bottom of the bottom of platform, the upper end of the shaft coupling and the tail end connection of main shaft and shaft coupling is placed in the horizontal stroke of encoder fixed mount
Support is formed on the upside of plate, the lower end of the shaft coupling passes through the rotary coding on the downside of the transverse slat and transverse slat of encoder fixed mount
Device is connected, and the rotating speed of main shaft is determined by rotary encoder.
The present invention is when measuring the sliding rolling of high stress contact change than lubricating oil film frictional force and thickness, and specific measuring process is such as
Under：
(1) adjustment of the radius of gyration and loading force：
The front and back position of first translation plates adjusts the radius of gyration of the steel ball in glass disk, then adjusts spring base and spring
To contact load zero setting, counterweight is placed in load plate to the load needed for experiment；
(2) adjustment of pull pressure sensor position：
First adjust supporting screw to adjust the height of sensor connecting plate, pull pressure sensor is reached required height
Degree, adjustment fixes supporting screw after finishing, then moves one-dimensional translation stage come the size of tensile force required for adjusting, and has adjusted
One-dimensional translation stage is fixed after finishing；
(3) driving of glass disk motor and steel ball motor：
Boot disk drives motor and servomotor to drive glass disk revolution and steel ball revolution respectively successively；
(4) acquisition of frictional force is stored with measurement：
The measurement of frictional force is realized by accurate pull pressure sensor, after disk drives electric motor starting, drives two pressures
Two pull pressure sensor are connected by sensor to the mode of drawing with load plate by being tensioned line, and two sensors are connected to translation
On platform, tensioning line is tensed by mobile translation stage, load plate is being not affected by the condition of two pull pressure sensor taut restraints
Under, can freely it be turned round around loading slewing equipment；And after load plate is constrained drawing by two pull pressure sensor, load plate
Under contact friction force effect, it will produce revolution trend, the trend is delivered in pull pressure sensor, and then obtain friction
Power, the data collecting card USB on pressure sensor is captured and is transferred to PC ends, then converts analog signals into data signal,
By calling dynamic link library, programming is carried out to the LabVIEW of data acquisition, to realize that LabVIEW is adopted with general data
Truck USB combination, and then collection, processing and the data storage of signal, frictional force can be directly read by acquisition interface, completed
The on-line measurement and storage of frictional force；
(5) demarcation of measuring apparatus：
Drawing can be realized using two pull pressure sensor the systematic error in measurement process is demarcated, due to adding
The revolution of support plate needs to realize by thrust ball bearing support, if making steel ball produce motion or movement tendency, it is necessary to overcome and push away
The force of rolling friction of power ball bearing in itself, in order to ensure the accuracy of friction measurement, it is necessary to calibrate in thrust ball bearing
Moment of friction, is tested, the numerical value measured by pull pressure sensor is modified using the sensor of the designs such as Chen Jun to drawing, false
The moment of friction of the steel ball that sets obstacles motion is M, and two pull pressure sensor are respectively designated as sensor and sensor to carry out
Distinguish, when sensor is fixed, during sensor uniform motion, sensor obtains value of thrust F, and sensor obtains F, has：
F2X2=F1X1+M (1)
Make in above formulaThen have
F2=b+F1k (2)
Wherein, X, X represent sensor and sensor to the distance of the centre of gyration, it is necessary to which what is illustrated is respectively, although to drawing
Test ball-disk and not in contact with but the F in experiment can be equivalent in friction Force system after the contact of ball-disk lubricating oil film to steel ball
The actual frictional force applied, therefore, in order to eliminate the influence of moment of friction in bearing, the present invention only need to read sensor F's
Numerical value, the actual frictional force F that lubricating oil film is applied to steel ball is then obtained by fitting formula calculating；
(6) measurement and analysis of thickness：
Microscopical position is adjusted by focus mount to motion rail of the steel ball in glass disk can be observed completely
Mark, starts ccd image sensor, and the greasing of steel ball is captured using ccd image sensor, and by the data transfer of capture extremely
PC ends, the oil film thickness between steel ball and glass disk is drawn using the image processing software analysis at PC ends.
The present invention compared with prior art, as high stress Contact Pair led to by the structure coordinated using steel ball and round steel disk
Cross pull pressure sensor constantly to obtain Contact Pair change in friction force process, improve the accuracy and repeatability of measurement data,
By the microscope and ccd image sensor on the upside of glass disk can while steel ball is moved accurate recording steel ball and glass
The motion state of disk, then the data transfer of record to computer end is subjected to data processing, accurate data sample is resulted in,
Translation plates can move forward and backward to adjust the radius of gyration along table top, and practicality is good, and loading slewing equipment can be accurate as needed
The size of controlled loading power, to ensure the accuracy of measurement result, while improving the operating flexibility of equipment, is compiled by rotating
The rotating speed of code device energy accurate recording glass disk, realizes that data are accurately controlled, and its agent structure is simple, and design concept is ingenious, surveys
Measure scientific in principle reliable, measurement result is accurate, oil film thickness and the frictional force progress to high auxiliary point/linear contact lay bullet stream can be realized
Measure simultaneously, simple to operate, easy to use and flexible is practical, and application environment is good, wide market.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is agent structure principle schematic of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the agent structure principle schematic of disk drive device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the agent structure principle schematic that ball of the present invention drives loading slewing equipment.
Fig. 4 is the agent structure principle schematic of sensor secured adjusted device of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the agent structure principle schematic of image collecting device of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the agent structure principle schematic of translating device of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the agent structure principle schematic of speed measuring device of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the agent structure principle schematic of support platform of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is of the present invention under 16N load, PAO100 lubricating oil frictional force and film thickness under different sliding rolling ratios
Variation diagram.
Embodiment：
Below by embodiment and the invention will be further described with reference to accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1：
The high stress contact that the present embodiment is related to becomes sliding rolling than oil drag power and the agent structure of film thickness measuring simulation dress
Including：Support platform 1, disk drive device 2, ball drive loading slewing equipment 3, sensor secured adjusted device 4, image collector
5, translating device 6 and speed measuring device 7 are put, the agent structure of the support platform 1 includes upper mounting plate 101, lower platform 102, support
Post 103, support feet 104 and through hole 105, the upper mounting plate 11 and lower platform 12 are square structure metal structure, and on
The length of platform 11 and lower platform 12 is equal with width, and the cylinder at corner is passed through between the upper mounting plate 11 and lower platform 12
Metal support column 13 is connected, and the downside of the lower platform 1 is fixedly equipped with the support feet 14 to support base, lower flat to prevent
Platform 12 is contacted with ground, and the upper mounting plate 11 is provided with circular through hole 105 close to left margin middle.
The disk drive device 2 that the present embodiment is related to is placed in the upside of support platform 1 at left margin, its agent structure bag
Include：Glass disk 201, driven pulley 202, main shaft 203, glass disk gland 204, disk drive motor support base 205, disk and drive motor
206th, driving pulley 207, base fixing hole 208 and ring flange 209, the glass disk of cylindrical glass material are placed in main shaft 203
Upper end, to steel ball 301 constitute high stress point contact bullet stream Contact Pair, the upper and lower sides of the glass disk 201 are put respectively
There is lower part on the glass disk gland 204 of the metal material to fixed glass disk 2, the main shaft 203 to be equipped with ring flange
209, the ring flange 29 is secured by bolts on through hole 105, to fixed disc drive device 2, the ring flange
Cylinder type hollow sleeve, the main shaft are cased with main shaft 203 between 209 and the glass disk gland 204 of the downside of glass disk 2
203 lower end is equipped with driven pulley 202, and the driven pulley 202 is located in the middle of the downside of through hole 105, the lower platform 102
The base fixing hole 208 that motor support base 205 is driven to fixed disk is distributed with director's square array formula, and the disk drives motor support base
205 include the L-shaped side plate and one piece of abacus of two pieces of opposed distributions, the disk drive motor support base 205 can according to it is driven
The position of belt wheel 202 needs to come horizontal adjustment position, and is fixed by base fixing hole 208, to for glass disk 201
The disk drive fixation of motor 206 for providing power is placed between two blocks of L-shaped side plates that disk drives motor support base 205, and disk drives motor 206
Output shaft upper end drive the top plate of motor support base 205 through disk, the output shaft upper end that the disk drives motor 206 is fixed with to will
Power is transferred to the driving pulley 207 of driven pulley 202, and the driving pulley 207 has been directly connected to transmission with driven pulley 202
Band.
The ball that the present embodiment is related to drives loading slewing equipment 3 and is located at the rear side of disk drive device 2, and is fixed on translation
The middle of translation plates 603 in device 6, to drive steel ball 301, realizes loading, the ball drives the master of loading slewing equipment 3
Body structure includes：Steel ball 301, ball axle 302, bearing spider 303, servomotor driven pulley 304, servomotor 305, servomotor
Driving wheel 306, motor support base 307, load plate 308, loading axis 309, load bearings 310, load bearings bearing 311, counterweight
312nd, spring base 313, spring 314, bearing block 315, tensioning line nut 316 and spring-support plate 317；The right side of steel ball 301
It is connected with the ball axle 302 to stationary balls 301, and the lower surface positioned at glass disk 201 of steel ball 301, the ball axle
302 right-hand member by bearing spider 303 by connecting servomotor driven pulley 304, and the servomotor driven pulley 304 is by passing
Dynamic band is connected with the servomotor driving wheel 306 directly over it, and the servomotor driving wheel 306 is located at L-shaped motor support base 307
Riser on the left of and be connected by rotating shaft with the servomotor 305 on the right side of the riser of L-shaped motor support base 307, the servomotor
305 provide power to give steel ball 301 to rotate, and the transverse slat of the motor support base 307 is fixed on the upper of strip load plate 308
Side keeps left place, and the lower surface place of keeping left of the load plate 308 is fixedly equipped with the load bearings bearing 311 supported, the axle
The load bearings 310 for being equipped with to drive bearing spider 311 to rotate on bearing 311 are held, the lower end of the bearing spider 311 is equipped with
The loading axis 309 of gas supporting role, the lower end of the loading axis 309 is connected with the thrust ball bearing in bearing block 315, makes to add
Carrying axle 309 can be horizontally rotated centered on bearing block 315, and consolidating in translation plates 603 is fixed in the bottom of the bearing block 315
Determine on hole, drive loading slewing equipment 3 to fixed whole ball, the upper end place of keeping right of the load plate 308 is equipped with what is loaded
Counterweight 312, it is described that the useful spring to provide elastic force for load plate 308 just is disposed to the lower surface of the load plate 308 of counterweight
314, the spring 314 is fixed and is placed at the right-hand member upper surface of the strip spring-support plate 317 of metal material, the spring branch
The downside middle of fagging 317 is equipped with the adjusting base to support spring supporting plate 317, and the adjusting base can be adjusted vertically
Save the tensioning line nut 316 that connection tensioning line is equipped with bearing height, the right side tail end of load plate 308.
Fixation is placed in the front and rear of the upper right edge of translation plates 603 to the sensor secured adjusted device 4 that the present embodiment is related to respectively
At two ends, the pressure to determine load plate 308, its agent structure includes：One-dimensional translation stage 401, branch seat leg 402, support
Screw 403, sensor connecting plate 404 and pull pressure sensor 405, the one-dimensional translation stage 401 and the movable company of translation plates 603
Connect, and be merely able to move left and right along translation plates 603, the upper surface of the one-dimensional translation stage 401 is fixedly equipped with the branch of L-type structure
Seat leg 402, the upside middle of branch seat leg 402 is connected with the lower end of supporting screw 403, and the sensor connecting plate 404 is L-type
Bending plate structure, lower end is two vertical plates structure, and upper end is the hardened structure of hyphen bent laterally, the two vertical plates structure
The inner side of nearly branch seat leg 402 is close in outside, and the inner side middle of the two vertical plates structure is fixedly equipped with pull pressure sensor
405, the pull pressure sensor 405 by be tensioned line with tensioning line nut 316 be connected, the upside of the supporting screw 403 with
The hardened structure connection of hyphen of sensor connecting plate 404, the height of sensor connecting plate 404 is adjusted by adjusting supporting screw 403
The height of degree, further regulation pressure sensor 405.
The left margin that the fixation of image collecting device 5 that the present embodiment is related to is placed in translation plates 603 is located rearward, to gather glass
The movable information of glass disk 201 and steel ball 301, its agent structure includes：Ccd image sensor 501, microscope 502, X-Y are put down
Move seat 503, stock 504, focus mount 505, connecting plate 506 and harvester fixed seat 507, the harvester fixed seat
507 include two pieces to placement location and are secured by bolts in the riser and one piece of transverse slat being fixed on the upside of riser of translation plates 603,
The square connecting plate 506 to connection fixing base 507 and X-Y translating bases 503, the connection are fixedly equipped with the upside of the transverse slat
The upper end of plate 506 is fixedly equipped with the X-Y translating bases 503 of square metal material, and X-Y translating bases 503 can be along along connecting plate 506
Surface is moved horizontally, the position to adjust microscope 502, and the upside of X-Y translating bases 503 is equipped with to adjust and fixes tune
The cylindrical posts 504 of burnt support 505, the rear end of the focus mount 505 is connected with the sleeve type of stock 504, and branch of focusing
The left and right sides of the rear end of frame 505 is equipped with to adjust the knob of focus mount 505, the front end of the focus mount 505 with it is micro-
The brace type of mirror 502 is connected, and the microscope 502 is located at the top of glass disk 201, to sight glass disk 201 and steel ball
301 movement locus, the upper end of the microscope 502 is equipped with to record the CCD figures for the image information that microscope 502 is observed
As sensor 501, the constantly collection to observed image is realized.
The translating device 6 that the present embodiment is related to is located on upper mounting plate 101 place that keeps right, and its agent structure includes：Guide rail 601,
Sliding block 602, translation plates 603, screw thread front stall 604, screw thread back seat 605, translation screw rod 606, through hole 607 and through hole 608, it is described
The translation screw rod 606 is fixed on the lower surface of upper mounting plate 101 by the screw thread front stall 604 and screw thread back seat 605 of left and right ends
On, the upper mounting plate 101 is provided with the through hole 608 through structure with translation screw rod 606 corresponding position, and translation screw rod 606 is consolidated
Fixation is merely able to along translation screw rod in the downside of through hole 608, the translation plates 608 and the translation movable connection of screw rod 606
606 move left and right, and the lower end of the translation plates 603 is equipped with the sliding block 602 for driving translation plates 603 to slide, the strip
Guide rail 601 is located at the front and rear edge of upper mounting plate 101, the sliding block 602 and the movable connection of guide rail 601, can make sliding block 602
Moved left and right along guide rail 601, enter once to drive translation plates 603 to move left and right, further regulation steel ball 301 and glass disk 201
Relative position, to realize the adjustment of the radius of gyration of disk 201.
The speed measuring device 7 that the present embodiment is related to is located at the underface of the drive device of disk drive device 2, to determine main shaft
203 rotating speed, its agent structure includes：Encoder fixed mount 701, shaft coupling 702 and rotary encoder 703, the encoder
Inverted L-shaped riser and the transverse slat of one piece of connection L-shaped riser lower end that fixed mount 701 is placed including two pieces of opposed types, the riser lead to
The bottom that bolt connection is fixed on upper mounting plate 101 is crossed, the upper end of the shaft coupling 702 is connected and joined with the tail end of main shaft 203
The bottom of axle device 702 is placed on the upside of the transverse slat of encoder fixed mount 701 to form support, and the lower end of the shaft coupling 702 is worn
The rotary encoder 703 crossed on the downside of the transverse slat and transverse slat of encoder fixed mount 701 is connected, and is determined by rotary encoder 703
The rotating speed of main shaft 203.
Embodiment 2：
The present embodiment is when measuring the sliding rolling of higher pair contact change than lubricating oil film frictional force and thickness, and specific measuring process is such as
Under：
(1) adjustment of the radius of gyration and loading force：
The front and back position of first translation plates 603 adjusts the radius of gyration of the steel ball 301 in glass disk 201, then adjusts bullet
Spring abutment 313, to contact load zero setting, counterweight 312 is placed in load plate 308 to the load needed for experiment with spring 314；
(2) adjustment of pull pressure sensor position：
First adjust supporting screw 403 to adjust the height of sensor connecting plate 404, pull pressure sensor 405 is reached institute
The height needed, adjustment fixes supporting screw 403 after finishing, then moves one-dimensional translation stage 401 to adjust required tensile force
Size, adjustment finish after fix one-dimensional translation stage 401；
(3) driving of glass disk motor and steel ball motor：
Boot disk drives motor 206 and servomotor 305 to drive the revolution of glass disk 201 and steel ball respectively 301 times successively
Turn；
(4) acquisition of frictional force is stored with measurement：
The measurement of frictional force is realized by accurate pull pressure sensor 405, after disk drives the startup of motor 206, drives two
Two pull pressure sensor 405 are connected by the mode of 405 pairs of drawings of pull pressure sensor with load plate 308 by being tensioned line, two
Sensor is connected on translation stage 603, tenses tensioning line by mobile translation stage 603, load plate 308 is being not affected by two drawings
Under conditions of the taut restraint of pressure sensor 405, can freely it be turned round around loading slewing equipment 3；And when load plate 308 is by two
405 pairs of pull pressure sensor is drawn after constraint, load plate 308 under contact friction force effect, it will produce revolution trend, should
Trend is delivered in pull pressure sensor 405, and then obtains frictional force, the data collecting card on pressure sensor 405
USB5935 is captured and is transferred to PC ends, then converts analog signals into data signal, by calling dynamic link library, to data
The LabVIEW of collection carries out programming, to realize LabVIEW and general data capture card USB5935 combination, and then signal
Collection, processing and data storage, frictional force can directly be read by acquisition interface, the on-line measurement of frictional force is completed and deposit
Storage；
(5) demarcation of measuring apparatus：
It can be realized using two pull pressure sensor, 405 pairs of drawings and the systematic error in measurement process is demarcated, by
Need to realize by thrust ball bearing support in the revolution of load plate 308, if making steel ball produce motion or movement tendency, it is necessary to
The force of rolling friction of thrust ball bearing in itself is overcome, in order to ensure the accuracy of friction measurement, it is necessary to calibrate thrust ball axle
Moment of friction in holding, is tested, the numerical value measured by pull pressure sensor 405 enters using the sensor of the designs such as Chen Jun to drawing
Row amendment, it is assumed that the moment of friction for hindering steel ball 301 to move is M, and two pull pressure sensor 405 are respectively designated as into sensor
1 and sensor 2 make a distinction, when sensor 1 is fixed, during 2 uniform motion of sensor, sensor 1 obtains value of thrust F1, sensing
Device 2 obtains F2, have：
F2X2=F1X1+M (1)
Make in above formulaThen have
F2=b+F1k (2)
Wherein, X1、X2Represent sensor 1 and sensor 2 to the distance of the centre of gyration, it is necessary to which what is illustrated is respectively, although right
Draw experiment ball-disk and not in contact with, but experiment in F2Lubricating oil film can be equivalent in friction Force system after the contact of ball-disk to steel
The actual frictional force that ball applies, therefore, in order to eliminate the influence of moment of friction in bearing, the present embodiment need to only read sensor
F1Numerical value, lubricating oil film is applied to the actual frictional force F of steel ball2Then calculated and obtained by fitting formula；
(6) measurement and analysis of thickness：
The position of microscope 502 is adjusted by focus mount 505 to steel ball 301 can be observed completely in glass disk
Movement locus on 201, starts ccd image sensor, and the greasing of steel ball 301 is captured using ccd image sensor 501,
And by the data transfer of capture to PC ends, steel ball 301 and glass disk 201 are drawn using the image processing software analysis at PC ends
Between oil film thickness.
Embodiment 3：
The present embodiment uses the measurement device PAO100 lubricating oil described in embodiment 1 under 16N load-up conditions, in difference
Sliding rolling carries out measuring simultaneously than lower to oil film thickness and coefficient of friction, and measurement result is as shown in figure 9, coefficient of friction compares with sliding rolling
Increase and gradually increase, measure coefficient of friction while, real-time lubricating oil film interference image is obtained by image collecting device.
Claims (8)
1. higher pair contact becomes sliding rolling measures analogue means simultaneously than oil film thickness and frictional force, it is characterised in that its agent structure bag
Include：Support platform, disk drive device, ball drive loading slewing equipment, sensor secured adjusted device, image collecting device, flat
Moving device and speed measuring device, the disk drive device are placed on the upside of support platform at left margin, and motor belt motor is driven to disk
Dynamic glass disk is rotated, and the ball drives loading slewing equipment and is located at the rear side of disk drive device, and is fixed on translating device
In translation plates middle, to simulate connecing for rolling element and raceway by steel ball contact with flat circle steel disk
Touch, and control to load steel ball, fixation is placed in before the upper right edge of translation plates the sensor secured adjusted device respectively
Afterwards at two ends, fix by determining the pressure of load plate, described image harvester to pull pressure sensor and be placed in translation
The left margin of plate is located rearward, the movable information to gather glass disk and steel ball, and the translating device, which is located on upper mounting plate, to be leaned on
Right place, to drive the device of platform upper surface to be moved left and right, the speed measuring device is located at disk drive device and drives dress
The underface put, the rotating speed to determine main shaft；The agent structure of the support platform include upper mounting plate, lower platform, support column,
Support feet and through hole, the upper mounting plate and lower platform are square structure metal structure, and the length of upper mounting plate and lower platform
Degree is equal with width, is connected between the upper mounting plate and lower platform by the cylindrical metal support column at corner, described lower flat
The downside of platform is fixedly equipped with the support feet to support base, to prevent lower platform from being contacted with ground, and the upper mounting plate is close
Left margin middle is provided with circular through hole.
2. higher pair contact according to claim 1 becomes sliding rolling measures analogue means simultaneously than oil film thickness and frictional force, its
Being characterised by the agent structure of the disk drive device includes：Glass disk, driven pulley, main shaft, glass disk gland, disk
Drive motor support base, disk and drive motor, driving pulley, base fixing hole and ring flange, the glass disk of cylindrical glass material is placed in
The upper end of main shaft, contacts bullet stream Contact Pair, the upper and lower sides of the glass disk are equipped with respectively to constitute high stress point with steel ball
To the glass disk gland of the metal material of fixed glass disk, lower part is equipped with ring flange, the flange on the main shaft
Disk is secured by bolts on through hole, to fixed disc drive device, the glass on the downside of the ring flange and glass disk
Cylinder type hollow sleeve is cased with main shaft between disk gland, the lower end of the main shaft is equipped with driven pulley, the driven belt
Wheel is positioned at the downside of through hole, and the bottom that motor support base is driven to fixed disk is distributed with the lower platform middle rectangular array formula
Seat fixing hole, the disk, which drives motor support base, includes the L-shaped side plate and one piece of abacus of two pieces of opposed distributions, and the disk drives electricity
Machine bearing can be needed come horizontal adjustment position according to the position with driven pulley, and is fixed by base fixing hole, used
It is placed in the disk drive motor fixation that power is provided for glass disk between two blocks of L-shaped side plates that disk drives motor support base, and disk drives
The output shaft upper end of motor drives the top plate of motor support base through disk, and the output shaft upper end that the disk drives motor is fixed with that will move
Power is transferred to the driving pulley of driven pulley, and the driving pulley has been directly connected to transmission belt with driven pulley.
3. higher pair contact according to claim 1 becomes sliding rolling measures analogue means simultaneously than oil film thickness and frictional force, its
Being characterised by the agent structure of the ball drive loading slewing equipment includes：Steel ball, ball axle, bearing spider, servomotor driven pulley,
Servomotor, servomotor driving wheel, motor support base, load plate, loading axis, load bearings, load bearings bearing, counterweight, bullet
Spring abutment, spring, bearing block, tensioning line nut and spring-support plate；It is connected on the right side of the steel ball with the ball axle to stationary balls,
And the lower surface positioned at glass disk of steel ball, the right-hand member of the ball axle is driven by connecting servomotor by bearing spider
Wheel, the servomotor driven pulley is connected by transmission belt with the servomotor driving wheel directly over it, the servomotor master
Driving wheel is located on the left of the riser of L-shaped motor support base and is connected by rotating shaft with the servomotor on the right side of the riser of L-shaped motor support base,
The servomotor provides power to give steel ball to rotate, and the transverse slat of the motor support base is fixed on the upper of strip load plate
Side keeps left place, and the lower surface place of keeping left of the load plate is fixedly equipped with the load bearings bearing supported, the bearing spider
On be equipped with to drive the load bearings that bearing spider is rotated, the lower end of the bearing spider is equipped with the loading played a supportive role
Thrust ball bearing connection in axle, the lower end and bearing block of the loading axis, enables loading axis level centered on bearing block
Rotate, the bottom of the bearing block is fixed on the fixing hole in translation plates, loading slewing equipment, institute are driven to fixed whole ball
The upper end place of keeping right for stating load plate is equipped with the counterweight loaded, described to be just used to being equipped with the lower surface of the load plate of counterweight
The spring of elastic force is provided for load plate, the spring fixes the right-hand member upper surface for the strip spring-support plate for being placed in metal material
Place, the downside middle of the spring-support plate is equipped with the adjusting base to support spring supporting plate, the adjusting base energy
The tensioning line nut of connection tensioning line is equipped with enough vertical regulation bearing heights, the right side tail end of load plate.
4. higher pair contact according to claim 1 becomes sliding rolling measures analogue means simultaneously than oil film thickness and frictional force, its
Being characterised by the agent structure of the sensor secured adjusted device includes：One-dimensional translation stage, branch seat leg, supporting screw, sensing
Device connecting plate and pull pressure sensor, the one-dimensional translation stage and the movable connection of translation plates, and be merely able to left along translation plates
Move right, the upper surface of the one-dimensional translation stage is fixedly equipped with the branch seat leg of L-type structure, upside middle and the support of branch seat leg
The lower end connection of screw, the sensor connecting plate is L-type bending plate structure, and lower end is two vertical plates structure, and upper end is outside
It is close to the inner side of nearly branch seat leg, the two vertical plates structure on the outside of the hardened structure of hyphen of lateral bending folding, the two vertical plates structure
Inner side middle be fixedly equipped with pull pressure sensor, the pull pressure sensor is connected by being tensioned line with tensioning line nut,
The upside of the supporting screw is connected with the hardened structure of the hyphen of sensor connecting plate, and sensor is adjusted by adjusting supporting screw
The height of the height of connecting plate, further regulation pressure sensor.
5. higher pair contact according to claim 1 becomes sliding rolling measures analogue means simultaneously than oil film thickness and frictional force, its
Being characterised by the agent structure of described image harvester includes：Ccd image sensor, microscope, X-Y translating bases, stock, tune
Burnt support, connecting plate and harvester fixed seat, the harvester fixed seat include two pieces to placement location and consolidated by bolt
It is fixedly equipped with to be connected on the upside of the riser of translation plates and one piece of transverse slat being fixed on the upside of riser, the transverse slat
The square connecting plate of seat and X-Y translating bases, the upper end of the connecting plate is fixedly equipped with the X-Y translating bases of square metal material, X-Y
Translating base can be moved horizontally along connecting plate upper surface, and use is equipped with the upside of microscopical position, the X-Y translating bases to adjust
To adjust and fix the cylindrical posts of focus mount, the rear end of the focus mount is connected with stock sleeve type, and is focused
The left and right sides of back-end support is equipped with to adjust the knob of focus mount, front end and the microscope brace type of the focus mount
Connection, the microscope is located at the top of glass disk, to sight glass disk and the movement locus of steel ball, the microscope
Upper end be equipped with to record the ccd image sensor for the image information that microscope is observed, realize to the real-time of observed image
Collection.
6. higher pair contact according to claim 1 becomes sliding rolling measures analogue means simultaneously than oil film thickness and frictional force, its
Being characterised by the agent structure of the translating device includes：Guide rail, sliding block, translation plates, screw thread front stall, screw thread back seat, connecting plate
Screw rod, through hole and through hole are translated, the translation screw rod is fixed on upper flat by the screw thread front stall and screw thread back seat of left and right ends
On the lower surface of platform, the upper mounting plate is provided with the through hole through structure with translation screw rod corresponding position, and translation screw rod is fixed
The downside of through hole, the translation plates and the translation movable connection of screw rod are placed in, and is merely able to move left and right along translation screw rod, institute
The lower end for stating translation plates is equipped with the sliding block for driving translation plates to slide, and the strip guide rail is located at the front and rear side edge of upper mounting plate
Place, the sliding block and the movable connection of guide rail, can be such that sliding block is moved left and right along guide rail, enter once to drive translation plates or so to move
It is dynamic, the relative position of steel ball and glass disk is further adjusted, to realize the adjustment of the disk radius of gyration.
7. higher pair contact according to claim 1 becomes sliding rolling measures analogue means simultaneously than oil film thickness and frictional force, its
Being characterised by the agent structure of described speed measuring device includes：Encoder fixed mount, shaft coupling and rotary encoder, the coding
Inverted L-shaped riser and the transverse slat of one piece of connection L-shaped riser lower end that device fixed mount is placed including two pieces of opposed types, the riser pass through
Bolt connection is fixed on the bottom of upper mounting plate, and the upper end of the shaft coupling and the tail end of main shaft are connected and the bottom of shaft coupling is put
Form support on the upside of the transverse slat of encoder fixed mount, the lower end of the shaft coupling through encoder fixed mount transverse slat with
Rotary encoder connection on the downside of transverse slat, the rotating speed of main shaft is determined by rotary encoder.
8. the higher pair contact according to any claim in claim 1-7 becomes sliding rolling than oil film thickness and frictional force simultaneously
Measure analogue means, it is characterised in that the device when measuring high stress contact and becoming sliding rolling than lubricating oil film frictional force and thickness,
Specific measuring process is as follows：
(1) adjustment of the radius of gyration and loading force：
The front and back position of first translation plates adjusts the radius of gyration of the steel ball in glass disk, then adjusts spring base and docked with spring
Load zero setting is touched, counterweight is placed in load plate to the load needed for experiment；
(2) adjustment of pull pressure sensor position：
First adjust supporting screw to adjust the height of sensor connecting plate, pull pressure sensor is reached required height, adjust
It is whole finish after fix supporting screw, then move one-dimensional translation stage come the size of tensile force required for adjusting, adjustment is solid after finishing
Fixed one-dimensional translation stage；
(3) driving of glass disk motor and steel ball motor：
Boot disk drives motor and servomotor to drive glass disk revolution and steel ball revolution respectively successively；
(4) acquisition of frictional force is stored with measurement：
The measurement of frictional force is realized by accurate pull pressure sensor, after disk drives electric motor starting, drives two pressure sensings
Two pull pressure sensor are connected by device to the mode of drawing with load plate by being tensioned line, and two sensors are connected to translation stage
On, tensioning line is tensed by mobile translation stage, load plate under conditions of two pull pressure sensor taut restraints are not affected by,
Can freely it be turned round around loading slewing equipment；And when load plate by two pull pressure sensor to draw constrain after, load plate
Contact under friction force effect, it will produce revolution trend, the trend is delivered in pull pressure sensor, and then obtain friction
Power, the data collecting card USB on pressure sensor is captured and is transferred to PC ends, then converts analog signals into data signal,
By calling dynamic link library, programming is carried out to the LabVIEW of data acquisition, to realize that LabVIEW is adopted with general data
Truck USB combination, and then collection, processing and the data storage of signal, frictional force can be directly read by acquisition interface, completed
The on-line measurement and storage of frictional force；
(5) demarcation of measuring apparatus：
Drawing can be realized using two pull pressure sensor the systematic error in measurement process is demarcated, due to load plate
Revolution need to realize by thrust ball bearing support, if make steel ball produce motion or movement tendency, it is necessary to overcome thrust ball
The force of rolling friction of bearing in itself, in order to ensure the accuracy of friction measurement, it is necessary to calibrate the friction in thrust ball bearing
Torque, is tested, the numerical value measured by pull pressure sensor is modified, it is assumed that resistance using the sensor of the designs such as Chen Jun to drawing
The moment of friction for hindering steel ball to move is M, and two pull pressure sensor are respectively designated as sensor and sensor to make a distinction,
When sensor is fixed, during sensor uniform motion, sensor obtains value of thrust F, and sensor obtains F, has：
F2X2=F1X1+M (1)
Make in above formulaThen have
F2=b+F1k (2)
Wherein, X, X represent sensor and sensor to the distance of the centre of gyration, it is necessary to which what is illustrated is respectively, although tested to drawing
Ball-disk and not in contact with but the F in experiment can be equivalent in friction Force system that lubricating oil film applies to steel ball after the contact of ball-disk
Actual frictional force, therefore, in order to eliminate the influence of moment of friction in bearing, the present invention only need to read sensor F numerical value,
The actual frictional force F that lubricating oil film is applied to steel ball is then obtained by fitting formula calculating；
(6) measurement and analysis of thickness：
Microscopical position is adjusted by focus mount to movement locus of the steel ball in glass disk can be observed completely, is opened
Dynamic ccd image sensor, the greasing of steel ball is captured using ccd image sensor, and by the data transfer of capture to PC ends,
The oil film thickness between steel ball and glass disk is drawn using the image processing software analysis at PC ends.
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